Accelerating Causal Inference and Feature Selection Methods through G-Test Computation Reuse

This article presents a novel and remarkably efficient method of computing the statistical G-test made possible by exploiting a connection with the fundamental elements of information theory: by writing the G statistic as a sum of joint entropy terms, its computation is decomposed into easily reusable partial results with no change in the resulting value. This method greatly improves the efficiency of applications that perform a series of G-tests on permutations of the same features, such as feature selection and causal inference applications because this decomposition allows for an intensive reuse of these partial results. The efficiency of this method is demonstrated by implementing it as part of an experiment involving IPC–MB, an efficient Markov blanket discovery algorithm, applicable both as a feature selection algorithm and as a causal inference method. The results show outstanding efficiency gains for IPC–MB when the G-test is computed with the proposed method, compared to the unoptimized G-test, but also when compared to IPC–MB++, a variant of IPC–MB which is enhanced with an AD–tree, both static and dynamic. Even if this proposed method of computing the G-test is presented here in the context of IPC–MB, it is in fact bound neither to IPC–MB in particular, nor to feature selection or causal inference applications in general, because this method targets the information-theoretic concept that underlies the G-test, namely conditional mutual information. This aspect grants it wide applicability in data sciences.

Recognition of The Baby Footprint Characteristics Using Wavelet Method and K-Nearest Neighbor (K-NN)

Individual recognition using biometric technology can be utilized in creating security systems that are important in modern life. The individuals recognition in hospitals generally done by conventional system so it makes more time in taking identity. A newborn baby will proceed an identity tagging after birth process is complete. This identity using a bracelet filled with names and ink stamps on paper that will be prone to damage or crime. The solution is to store the baby's identity data digitally and carry out the baby's identification process. This system can increase safety and efficiency in storing a baby's footprint image. The implementation of baby's footprint image identification starting from the acquisition of baby's footprint image, preprocessing such as selecting ROI size baby's footprint object, feature extraction using wavelet method and classification process using K-Nearest Neighbor (K-NN) method because this method has been widely used in several studies of biometric identification systems. The test data came from 30 classes with 180 images test right and left baby's footprint. The identification results using 200x500 size ROI with level 4 wavelet decomposition get recognition results with an accuracy of 99.30%, 90.17% precision, and 89.44% recall with a test computation time of 8.0370 seconds.

Teaching Speaking with Multiple Intelligences Method for Eleventh Grade Students of SMKN 3 Langsa

The research authorized “Teaching Speaking with Multiple Intelligences Method” focus on observing the influence of application of Multiple Intelligences Method for affecting students’ speaking skill. The purpose of this study was the application of Multiple Intelligences which was dominant in teaching speaking. This study used experimental method with quasi- experimental as the design toward the students. There were two groups consisted of experimental and control group. The experimental group was taught by implementing Multiple Intelligence method and the control group was taught by using usual technique of the teacher. The data were obtained through pre-test and post-test with T-test computation to analyze it. The research states that the implementation of Multiple Intelligences method was more effective in affect students’ speaking skill. It was proven by the result of statistical computation which uttered that t-value (18.54) was higher than t-table, t-value > t-table, (2.000, α = 0.05 and dk = 58). In conclusion, the null hypothesis (H0) was rejected and the alternative hypothesis (Ha) was accepted

THE EFFECT OF STORYBOARD TECHNIQUE ON STUDENTS’ READING COMPREHENSION IN NARRATIVE TEXT AT THE TENTH GRADE OF SMAN 2 KS CILEGON (2020)

This research used quantitative with true experimental design. The objective of this research was to find out whether there was an effect of using storyboard technique on students’ reading comprehension in narrative text at the tenth grade of SMAN 2 Krakatau Steel Cilegon. The population of this research were 72 students. The instrument were pre-test and post-test. The treatment used Storyboard technique was administrated for the experimental group. The result of independent t-test computation result of post-test score showed that t count more than the t table (6.274 1.994). It can be concluded that Ho (null hypothesis) was rejected and Ha (alternative hypothesis) was accepted. Based on the data analysis above, there was an effect using storyboard technique on students’ reading comprehension in narrative text at the tenth grade of SMAN 2 Krakatau Steel Cilegon

The Effectiveness of Hybrid Learning Module on Basic Structure Course In IKIP Budi Utomo Malang

This article is an investigation into the effectiveness of hybrid learning module on basic structure in students university in Ikip Budi Utomo . This concepts related to hybrid learning and conventional classroom. There were 90 students who participated in this research . The study revealed that students prefer hybrid learning on basic structure to conventional classroom, paper and pencil . As the first, they seemed like to take English lessons in conventional form, paper and pencil, rather than in hybrid leaning form, because they used to study in conventional method. When they submitted English assignments online or personally, their opinions were changed. They finally trusted to hybid learning method. This method of the research use quantitative method.The research found that significantly different capability in basic structure comprehension. The obtained t-test value for hybrid learning module on basic structure was 7.85 while the critical value of p< .05 level of significance of one-tailed test was 1.671 (d.f.= 60 ). From the t-test computation, it can be concluded that the students taught by hybrid learning module had better capability than those the students taught in conventional, paper and pencil . In conclution, learning basic structure based on hybrid learning module is better than conventional method , paper and pencil. Additionally, some recommendations for future work in this field were made.

IMPROVING STUDENTS’ WRITING ABILITY THROUGH PROJECT BASED-LEARNING USING VISUAL MEDIA

The aim of this study is to know the improvement of students’ writing ability through Project based-learning using visual media in recount text at X Grades of students’ Vocational High School in Cimahi. This study was Quantitative design, the sample of research consisted of 30 students. The instrument used in this research was written test. The written test was applied in pretest and posttest. The writing test was administrated as the instrument of the research. The result shown that the students’ total score of pretest was 176, and then total score of posttest was 2222. It means that students’ score increased. Then the data were analyzed using statistical formula of t-test computation The data were analyzed by using t-test as the significant level of p<0.05 through SPSS version 15.0. Based on t-measure analysis show that T-score (9,589) ˃ T-table 5% (2, 045). It means that was significant so the Null Hypothesis (Ho) was rejected. It means that Project based- Learning using Visual Media has significant effect in improving students’ writing ability.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF GROUP WORK DISCUSSION TO IMPROVE THE STUDENTS’ COMPETENCE IN WRITING DESCRIPTIVE TEXT: THE CASE OF SEVENTH GRADE STUDENTS OF SMP N 1 TEGOWANU

Teaching English focuses on four language skills namely listening, speaking, reading, and writing. Students are expected to master those four language skills. The main purpose of English teaching is to improve the students’ skills in using the language in real communication. One of the productive skills that students have to be improved is writing. In writing process, the students are expected to write grammatically, express their idea, and make the conclusion as the steps to develop rhetorical devices in the written form. The teaching writing using group work discussion gave better result as indicated by the significant statistical t-test computation that the t-obtained is higher than t-table. It is showed by looking at t-obtained is higher than t-table. The result of t-obtained is 11, 89 through the level of significant (5%). Then, the result of t-table is 1, 49. It means that the number of t-obtained is higher than t-table. The writer also concludes that the mean score of students’ ability using group work discussion is 9, 05 and without using group work discussion is 4, 85. It means that group work discussion is effective to teach descriptive text to the seventh grade students of Junior High School.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THINK PAIR SHARE WITH SERIES PICTURES AS MEDIA TO IMPROVE THE STUDENTS’ SPEAKING ABILIT; A CASE OF THE ELEVENTH GRADE STUDENTS OF SMA N 14 SEMARANG

The objectives of the study are (1) To find out the speaking ability of SMA Negeri 14 Semaran students before being taught using think pair share with series pictures.(2)To find out the speaking ability of SMA Negeri 14 Semarang students after being taught using think pair share with series pictures.(3)To find out whether or not there is a significant difference of speaking ability of SMA Negeri 14 Semarang students before and after being taught using think pair share with series pictures . In this study the writer chooses experimental method. The writer chooses one class as the subject. The class consists of 30 students. The writer uses a test as instrument. Then the writer also gives the treatment to improving student’s speaking ability by using think pair share with series picture. Compared to using this technique, improving student’s speaking ability by using think pair share with series pictures has given better result as indicated by the significant statistical t-test computation that the t-obtained is higher than t-table. The t-obtained is 9,71 and t-table in the level of significant is 2,04. So, the t-obtained is higher than t-table that is 9,71> 2,04. The mean of the class before treatment is 61,03 and after the treatment, the mean is 76,1. It means that using think pair share with series pictures is effective in improving student’s speaking ability. From the data analyzed, it is concluded that improving student’s speaking ability by using think pair share with series pictures is much better than without using them. The students comprehend to speak is improved significantly. Thus, Think pair share with series pictures is the effective method to be used in teaching English for eleventh year students of SMA N 14 Semarang. Finally, based on the findings, it is suggested that to improve student’s speaking ability by using think pair share with series pictures at the Eleventh year students of SMA N 14 Semarang is a good technique. The English teacher should be creative to choose the technique in improving student’s speaking ability by using think pair share with series pictures that is appropriate with the material and students condition. A good and interesting technique will motivate and stimulate the students to be interested in learning English.