ISOLASI DAN ANALISIS ASAM LEMAK Scenedesmus quadricauda YANG DIISOLASI DARI AIR KOLAM

Isolation and Fatty Acid Analysis of Scenedesmus quadricauda from freshwaterMicroalgae have fast growth rate and fatty acids which potential as bioenergy. In addition, microalgae are also living with binding carbon dioxide for photosynthesis, so as to reduce air pollution. In this study, samples were taken from the freshwater, Sawahan, Padang, West Sumatra. Nile red staining performed on the samples to see the potential of lipid content. Microalgae having lipid content were isolated using the capillary pipette technique then it was identified using a microscope. Isolated microalgae was identified as Scenedesmus quadricauda. Microalgae growth measured by optical density value. It cultivated in different concentrations of NaNO3 to see the effect of the amount of nitrogen on the growth. Scenedesmus quadricauda grew well at a concentration of 0.5 g / L NaNO3. Fatty acid analysis was done by using GC-MS. Scenedesmus quadricauda had several types of fatty acids. The most abundant fatty acid in Scenedesmus quadricaudawas C18: 1.Keywords: Microalgae, Scenedesmus quadricauda, Nile red staining, Isolation, Fatty acid ABSTRAKMikroalga memiliki laju pertumbuhan yang cepat dan mengandung asam lemak sehingga berpotensi sebagai bioenergi. Selain itu, mikroalga juga hidup dengan mengikat karbondioksia untuk proses fotosintesis, sehingga mampu mengurangi pencemaran udara. Pada penelitian ini, sampel mikroalga diambil dari air kolam dari daerah Sawahan, Padang, Sumatera Barat. Pewarnaan nilered dilakukan terhadap sampel untuk melihat potensi kandungan lipid. Mikroalga yang memiliki kandungan lipid diisolasi dengan menggunakan teknik pipet kapiler, kemudian isolat diidentifikasi secara morfologi dengan menggunakan mikroskop. Isolat yang diperoleh diidentifikasi sebagai Scenedesmus quadricauda. Isolat dikultivasi dalam Bold Bassal Medium (BBM). Pertumbuhan mikroalga diukur dengan melihat nilai optical density. Isolat dikultivasi dalam berbagai konsentrasi NaNO3 untuk melihat pengaruh jumlah nitrogen terhadap pertumbuhannya. Scenedesmus quadricauda tumbuh dengan baik pada konsentrasi 0,5 g/L NaNO3. Analisa asam lemak dilakukan dengan menggunakan GC-MS. Pada Scenedesmus quadricauda ditemukan beberapa jenis asam lemak. Asam lemak yang paling banyak terkandung pada mikroalga ini yaitu C18:1.Kata kunci: Mikroalga, Scenedesmus quadricauda, Pewarnaan nile red, Isolasi, Asam lemak

19. PENGARUH PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK TEH HIJAU (Camelia sinensis) TERHADAP PENURUNAN KADAR HEMOGLOBIN DAN NILAI HEMATOKRIT PADA TIKUS WISTAR (Rattus norvegicus) The Effect of Green Tea Extract (Camelia sinensis) on Haemoglobin and Hematocrit Levels of Wistar Rat (Rattus norvegicus)

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of green tea (Camelia sinensis) extract on hemoglobin and hematocrit level of Wistar rat (Rattus norvegicus). Sample animals used were 20 rats strain Wistar aged 2.5-3.0 months. Green tea extract was given for 30 days consecutively. Blood collection was conducted via orbitalis sinus for 2 ml using capillary pipette. Rats were fed with standart commercial food (Turbo Feed T.79-4) and aquadest as drinking water ad libitum. This study used completely randomized design (CRD) pattern with 4 treatments and 5 replications. The control group (P0) without any treatment, P1 was given green tea extract 0.045 g/ml/day, P2 was given green tea extract 0.060 g/ml/day, and P3 was given green tea extract 0.075 g/ml/day. Data were analyzed by oneway analysis of variance (Anova). The result showed that mean±SD of hemoglobin levels (g/dl) on each treatment group (P0, P1, P2, and P3) were 11.86±0.55, 12.58±1.40, 11.82±0.69, and 12.50±0.84 respectivey. Mean±SD of hematocrit levels (%) on each treatment group (P0, P1, P2, and P3) were 44.00±4.30, 43.40±1.14, 44.00±1.58, and 42.80±1.79. To conclude, the administration of green tea extract has no effect (P0.05) on haemoglobin and hematocrit levels of Wistar rat. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Key words: green tea, haemoglobin, haematocrit, Wistar rat

Crystalline chlorocruorin

Chlorocruorin is a respiratory pigment, closely allied to hæmoglobin, which occurs only in the blood of certain polychæte worms (Fox, 1926, 1932, 1933). We have now succeeded in crystallizing chlorocruorin. A description is given below of the method of crystallization, of the nature of the crystals, of the absorption spectrum of pure oxychlorocruorin, and of its elementary analysis. Blood was extracted from Spirographis spallanzanii at Tamaris. Pure blood was obtained by drying the animal, especially the crown, with filter paper, amputating the crown as near as possible to the body, rejecting the body, and then sucking the blood out of the the cut vessels in the base of the crown into a capillary pipette with a rudder teat. In tins way more than 1/20 c.c. of undiluted blood could be obtained from each large individual.

The lower pressure limit in the chain reaction between hydrogen and oxygen

Previous investigations have shown that above 460°C. there are two pressure limits between which the combination of hydrogen and oxygen takes place explosively and outside which it may abruptly become extremely slow. Practically difficulties have hitherto hindered a detailed study of the conditions governing the position of the lower limit. A modification of the earlier experimental arrangement has allowed these difficulties to be overcome, and the influence on the limit of hydrogen-oxygen ratio, vessel diameter, temperature and presence of inert gases has been investigated. The influence of these various factors corresponds in general to that found in other reactions which exhibit limit phenomena. The results are consistent with the hypothesis, already put forward and discussed, that the lower limit is that pressure where reaction chains cease to be broken at the walls of the vessel as rapidly as they are started by the “branching” of existing chains. The method of experiment was simply to prepare in A (fig. 1) a mixture of appropriate composition, measure off a small proportion of it in the capillary pipette B, and then to allow the contents of B to stream into the evacuated silica reaction vessel C. The coefficient of sharing between B and C was determined by a special calibration. C was heated in a horizontal electric furnace provided with a quartz window. If the calculated final pressure in C was below the limiting value nothing was seen when a pipetteful of mixture was added, while if it was above the limit a flash was observed. The temperature of C was measured with a thermocouple.

Determination of streptococci in blood in sepsis. Verger (Deut. med. Woch., 1924, No. 20)

In almost all cases of chronic sepsis, it was possible to prove the presence of streptococci in the blood by the following method: 5-10 cc of blood is collected in a sterile test tube, waiting for the blood to clot, after which the serum is drained, and the blood clot is transferred to an Erlenmeyer flask containing 50 cc. 10% horse serum broth. The flask is placed in the thermostat for 4 to 6 days, with a few drops taken from the bottom with a sterile capillary pipette every 24 h and transferred to the blood agar plate.