THE EFFECT OF CHOCOLATE BISCUIT AND JELLY CANDY CONSUMPTION ON SALIVARY pH IN ELEMENTARY STUDENTS

Introduction:Dental caries is a disease of hard dental tissue, namely enamel, dentin, and cementume caused by a microorganism in a carbohydrate that can be shared. Stimulus secretion of saliva consists of mechanical stimulation including talking, chewing, and gargling, while chemical stimulation in the form of the impression of taste. Chocolate biscuits and jelly candies are sweet, sticky, and chewy cariogenic foods that greatly affect changes in salivary pH. Children aged 9-10 years are more susceptible to dental disease because it is a critical age group, at that age there is a transition of tooth growth from baby teeth to permanen teeth. Purpose:This study aims to determine the differences in salivary pH between consuming chocolate biscuits and jelly candies in students aged 9-10 years. Materials and Methods: The research design used was a pre-experimental study with a pretest and posttest control group design. The number of subjects required was 32 respondents, by taking a Simple Random Sampling, which was divided into 2 groups, each group consisting of 16 people. Data analysis used the Wilcoxon test and One Way ANOVA. Result and Discussion: The result showed that, the mean value of saliva pH before chewing chocolate biscuits was 8.09, in minute to five was 3.96, in minute to ten was 6.50, then in minute to fifteen was 7.33. While the mean salivary pH before chewing jelly candy was 7.66, in minute to five was 5.17, in in minute to ten was 6.81, and in minute to fifteen was 7.50. Conclusion: The conclusion of this study was that chewing chocolate biscuits was more influential in lowering salivary pH than chewing jelly candies after 5 (five) minutes of mastication and there was no difference in mean increase in salivary pH between groups after 10-15 (ten-fifteen) minutes of chewing chocolate biscuits and jelly candies.

Non- Carious Cervical Lesions: A Review

Non-carious cervical lesions (NCCL) are characterized by a loss of hard dental tissue near the cement-enamel-junction. Commonly, their shape is like a wedge with the apex pointing inwards. Other times, they appear as regular depressions, like a dome or a cup. Their etiology seems to be related to different factors: hexogen and endogen acids, mechanical abrasive action, tooth flexion under axial and non-axial loads. Moreover, it seems that a fundamental role is ascribable to tooth bending phenomena due to the strength components parallel or oblique to the occlusal level, which occur during the normal function as well as during Para functions. The frequent therapeutic failures are probably due to the same factors causing the onset of the original lesion. Several materials have been proposed to restore NCCL: amalgam (abandoned) glass-ionomer cements, composers, and composite resins. Early failures of these restorations have often been reported in the literature, probably due to the same factors which originally caused the lesions. Further investigations are required to determine more reliable restorative therapies.

ADVANTAGES OF PRE-PROSTHETIC MASTICATORY SYSTEM PREPARATION WITH OCCLUSAL APPLIANCE

The aim of this literature review is to present the main advantages of pre-prosthetic preparation of the masticatory system with occlusal appliances. The possibilities for attaining muscle relaxation at the achieved centric condyle position in the temporomandibular joints are discussed. The advantages, in terms of hard dental tissue protection, the diagnostic value and the psychoprophylactic effect, are considered. The wide-ranging benefits of the use of occlusal appliances in bruxism- and bruxomania-related craniomandibular dysfunctions are indisputable and represent a current scientific interest.

DEVELOPMENT OFTHE PRECISION DEVICE FOR TARGETED DELIVERY OF MEDICATION AND CREATION OFISOLATED RESERVOIRS IN THE WEDGE-SHAPED LESION

This study proves the necessity of using new minimum intervention tooth-preserving technologies and their implementation methods in hard dental tissue pathology treatment, in particular, wedge-shaped defects within enamel. Personalized approach to choosing the treatment method for this type of pathology is updated. The study prioritizes the pathogenetic mechanisms of this process, taking into account morphofunctional changes in enamel. Changes in architectonics of tooth enamel and its elemental composition are studied and discussed. A method of delivering the medication directly into the lesion is suggested. The objective of this study was to develop a precision device for targeted delivery of medication and creation of isolated reservoirs in the wedge-shaped lesion. Materials: slices of teeth removed due to orthodontic indications. Methods: experimental, analytical, statistical, sociological, electron microscopy. The scientific basis and principles of the research concept are based on the data on microstructural transformations, changes in the elemental composition of the tooth with a wedge-shaped defect. It is proved that oxygenation increases in a wedge-shaped lesion while the amount of fluorine and carbon compounds decreases, leading to the presence of such non-specific microelements as sulfur. The results obtained are the basis for the application of a targeted and personalized algorithm for treating this pathology, using additive technologies and 3D printing

Dental Erosion Among Secondary Schoolchildren: Sudan

Dental erosion is a type of dental wear defined as loss of hard dental tissue caused by acids not produced by bacteria. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of dental erosion and its correlates among secondary schoolchildren in Omdurman, Sudan. A cross-sectional study was undertaken using stratified random sampling to select 10 secondary schools, from which all students were included. Data were collected via a self-administered questionnaire and clinical examination. Descriptive statistics were calculated, and associations were tested using a t-test, correlation, and logistic regression. Four hundred and eighty-three students participated in the study, most of whom (72.5%) attended public schools. The mean age was 12.4 years (SD: ±0.76). More than one-third (35%) of the students presented erosion. Those who reported the consumption of soft drinks or hibiscus had higher mean scores of erosion than those who did not, with mean differences of –0.61 and –0.31, respectively. These also had higher odds of erosion by an OR of 2.7 and 2.4, respectively. Those who had erosion had higher mean scores in tooth brushing, soft drink consumption, and hibiscus drink consumption, with mean differences –0.127, –0.36, and 0.28, respectively. The prevalence of erosion was thus positively associated with soft drink and hibiscus drink consumption, while being negatively associated with tooth brushing frequency.

Acquired malformations of hard dental tissue: Molar-Incisor-Hipomineralisation (review of literature)

This article analyzes the prevalence, as well as the main causes of non-carious enamel lesions, and, specifically, systemic enamel hypoplasia. Based on modern domestic and foreign literary sources.Authors declare no conflict of interest.The authors confirm that they respect the rights of the people participated in the study, including obtaining informed consent when it is necessary, and the rules of treatment of animals when they are used in the study. Author Guidelines contains the detailed information.

Synchrotron IR-microspectroscopy-based visualization of molecular and chemical interactions between dental cement, biomimetic composite and native dental tissue

The low affinity of composite materials for the hard tissue of human teeth poses a challenge to restorative dentists. This study was undertaken to explore molecular and chemical characteristics of the interface between the dental cement, the buffer layer formed from a next generation biomimetic material that mimics the organic mineral composition of human enamel and dentin, and the intact native hard dental tissue. Seven plane-parallel dental slices were analyzed using synchrotron IR microspectroscopy. The obtained absorption spectra of functional molecular groups were organized into cluster maps. This allowed us to identify the intact tissue, the adhesive agent and the biomimetic layer at their interface and to localize and measure concentrations of functional groups involved in the integration of the biomimetic composite into the hard tissue of the human tooth. The proposed biomimetic material is based on nanocrystal carbonate-substituted calcium hydroxyapatite synthesized from a biogenic calcium source and a complex of basic polar amino acids copying the composition of the human tooth and can form a functional bond with hard dental tissue.