radix scutellariae
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2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Yan Fu ◽  
Jingjing Shen ◽  
Yinhong Li ◽  
Fanglin Liu ◽  
Bangzuo Ning ◽  
...  

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) remains a significant threat to global health as it induces granuloma and systemic inflammatory responses during active tuberculosis. Mtb can induce macrophage pyroptosis, leading to the release of IL-1β and tissue damage, promoting its spread. Here, we established an in vitro Mtb-infected macrophage model to seek an effective antipyroptosis agent. Baicalin, isolated from Radix Scutellariae, was found to reduce pyroptosis in Mtb-infected macrophages. Baicalin could inhibit activation of the PERK/eIF2α pathway and thus downregulates TXNIP expression and subsequently reduces activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, resulting in reduced pyroptosis in Mtb-infected macrophages. In conclusion, baicalin reduced pyroptosis by inhibiting the PERK/TXNIP/NLRP3 axis and might thus be a new adjuvant host-directed therapy (HDT) drug.


2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Fan Zhao ◽  
Chenyiyu Zhang ◽  
Dong Xiao ◽  
Weihua Zhang ◽  
Liping Zhou ◽  
...  

Chronic stress can impair hippocampal neurogenesis, increase neuronal apoptosis, and cause depressive-like behaviors. Our previous studies found that Radix Scutellariae (RS) can rescue the stress-induced neuronal injury, but the mechanism is not clear. Here, we continued to investigate the underlying antidepressant mechanisms of the RS extract. A 7-week chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) procedure was used to establish a murine depression model. 0.75 g/kg or 1.5 g/kg RS was administered daily to the mice during the last 4 weeks. Depressive-like behaviors were evaluated by the sucrose preference test (SPT), forced swimming test (FST), open field test (OFT), and tail suspension test (TST). The neuroprotective effect of RS was evaluated with the expression of hippocampal neuron-related markers and apoptosis-associated proteins by Nissl staining, immunohistochemistry, and western blot. Transforming growth factor-β3 (TGFβ3) pathway-related proteins were detected by western blot. Results showed that RS could ameliorate depressive-like behaviors, increase the expression of the antiapoptotic protein B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2), reduce the expression of the proapoptotic protein BCL-2-associated X (BAX), and increase the number of doublecortin- (DCX-), microtubule-associated protein 2- (MAP2-), and neuronal nucleus- (NeuN-) positive cells in the hippocampus. Moreover, RS could reverse the CUMS-induced decrease of TGFβ3 protein, promote the phosphorylation of SMAD2/3, and increase the expression of downstream NEDD9 protein. These results suggest that RS could exert antidepressant effects via protecting neurons. And the molecular mechanism might be related to the regulation of the TGFβ3-SMAD2/3-NEDD9 pathway.


PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. e0238927
Author(s):  
Ying Shen ◽  
Wei Cong ◽  
Ai-hua Zhang ◽  
Xiangcai Meng

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 644-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhili Xiong ◽  
Manman Wang ◽  
Huiwen Guo ◽  
Jianfeng Xu ◽  
Jing Ye ◽  
...  

The DES combined with UAE was first successfully applied in simultaneously extracting five bioactive flavonoids in Radix scutellariae.


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