scholarly journals Oroxylin A is a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2‐spiked pseudotyped virus blocker obtained from Radix Scutellariae using angiotensin‐converting enzyme II /cell membrane chromatography

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiapan Gao ◽  
Yuanyuan Ding ◽  
Yuejin Wang ◽  
Peida Liang ◽  
Liyang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Pseudotyped Virus ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Oroxylin A ◽  
Cell Membrane Chromatography ◽  
Membrane Chromatography ◽  
Radix Scutellariae

Updates on coronavirus (COVID-19) and kidney

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. e34-e34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Zanyar Athari ◽  
Daryoush Mohajeri ◽  
Mir Alireza Nourazar ◽  
Yousef Doustar
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Enzyme Inhibitor ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Renal Disorder

The severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is an infectious disease developed in Wuhan, China, at first. It involves the respiratory system and other organs like kidney, gastrointestinal tract and nervous system as well. The recent reports indicated that renal disorder is prevalent in coronavirus patients. The aim of this study was to provide a review of nephropathy caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its mechanisms. The Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed databases were systematically searched. Articles reporting nephropathy, coronavirus disease (COVID-19), coronavirus and the renal injury were included for assessment. Study designs, contrast agents, case reports and results were assessed. Of the assessed studies, suggested mechanisms include sepsis which caused cytokine storm syndrome or perhaps direct cellular injury due to the virus. In patients who were studied, albuminuria, proteinuria, and hematuria as well as an elevation in blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine were observed. Additionally CT scan of the kidneys showed a decrease in tissue density suggestive of inflammation and interstitial edema. On the other hand, dialysis patients are a high-risk group than the general population. The current treatment for COVID-19 in acute kidney injury includes supportive management or kidney replacement therapy. All patients need to be quarantined. An N95 fit-tested mask and protective clothing and proper equipment are necessary. Some drugs can be effective to inhibit the outcome of this infection such as lopinavir/ritonavir, remdesvir, Chloroquine phosphate, convalescent plasma, tocilizumab, ACEi/ ARBs (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blockers), and hrsACE2 (human recombinant soluble angiotensin-converting-enzyme 2).

scholarly journals Do sex-specific immunobiological factors and differences in angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression explain increased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in males?

Diagnosis ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Vikse ◽  
Giuseppe Lippi ◽  
Brandon Michael Henry
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Sars Coronavirus ◽  
Immunomodulatory Treatment ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Cytopathic Effects ◽  
Severe Lung

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), shares similarities with the former SARS outbreak, which was caused by SARS-CoV-1. SARS was characterized by severe lung injury due to virus-induced cytopathic effects and dysregulated hyperinflammatory state. COVID-19 has a higher mortality rate in men both inside and outside China. In this opinion paper, we describe how sex-specific immunobiological factors and differences in angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression may explain the increased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in males. We highlight that immunomodulatory treatment must be tailored to the underlying immunobiology at different stages of disease. Moreover, by investigating sex-based immunobiological differences, we may enhance our understanding of COVID-19 pathophysiology and facilitate improved immunomodulatory strategies.

scholarly journals ACE2 the Janus-faced protein – from cardiovascular protection to severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus and COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 134 (7) ◽  
pp. 747-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rhian M. Touyz ◽  
Hongliang Li ◽  
Christian Delles
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Basic Science ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Sars Coronavirus ◽  
Multifunctional Protein ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2

Abstract Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is the major enzyme responsible for conversion of Ang II into Ang-(1-7). It also acts as the receptor for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-coronavirus (CoV)-2, which causes Coronavirus Disease (COVID)-19. In recognition of the importance of ACE2 and to celebrate 20 years since its discovery, the journal will publish a focused issue on the basic science and (patho)physiological role of this multifunctional protein.

scholarly journals The Use of Fabric Masks in Prevention of Community Transmission of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-175
Author(s):  
Rudi Saputra
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
New Disease ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Public Discussion ◽  
The Public ◽  
Community Transmission

Introduction: COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) is a new disease due to SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2) which can be transmitted through droplets. One effort to prevent transmission of COVID-19 is to use a mask. Medical masks are effective in preventing transmission of COVID-19, but their numbers are very limited and are very much needed by medical personnel when treating COVID-19 patients. Therefore, to prevent the spread of COVID-19 more broadly, alternative medical masks are needed, namely by using cloth masks which have not been discussed much about the purpose of their use to the public. Discussion: SARS-CoV-2 is a cause of COVID-19 and infects the respiratory tract, especially in the lungs (pulmo) through the ACE2 receptor (Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2). SARS-CoV-2 has a diameter of around 120 nm. Cloth masks as an alternative to the scarcity of medical masks are recommended for public use. The recommended cloth masks are made of cotton or a cloth towel. A cloth mask is able to hold large droplets (> 5 μm), but not small droplets. Conclusion: Cloth masks can be used by the community in an effort to minimize transmission of COVID-19 by holding large droplets, but it is not effective in preventing transmission of COVID-19 because it can still be passed by SARS-CoV-2. Suggestion: Cloth masks can be optimized using nanoparticles to resist SARS-CoV-2.

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