Performance Assessment of Soil Moisture Meter under Sandy Clay Loam Soil

Background: Irrigation performs a substantial function for the growth of Agricultural vegetation. Soil supplies essential nutrients for the growth of plant and provides anchor support to the roots of the crops. Soil Moisture permits the requirement for water system to be measured ahead of a yield giving indications of misery. Knowing the soil moisture status empowers exceptionally productive water system, giving the water as and when required and wiping out the inefficient utilization of water when water system isn’t required. Methods: Sandy clay loam soil contains a decent arrangement of plant supplements and supports most sorts of plants and yields. So in the field plentiful accessibility of this soil its texture is discovered by estimating soil moisture. Result: Within the research we developed a soil moisture meter based on capacitive type sensor the output is analog voltage which is calibrated to soil moisture percentage and its performance is comparatively investigated with different moisture sensor under sandy clay loam soil. The proposed model is highly emphasized on the soil moisture percentage that is the level of water content in the soil. The percentage value is displayed in the LCD. The deployment cost is highly reduced in the proposed model.

Study on microwave moisture measurement of grain crops

This article discusses the possibility of implementing the microwave method for controlling the moisture content of agro-industrial products, which allows it to be used to control technological processes in grain processing industries and to control materials in free space, converting the parameters of waves passed through the material’s wave into an electrical signal. A functional diagram of the developed moisture meter is proposed, on the basis of the method, its electrodynamics’ characteristics are determined. Experimental data was obtained for samples of cotton seeds with specified moisture values. A method for measuring grain moisture in continuous production have been proposed, which gives a possibility to reduce the components of the measurement error caused by the uneven distribution of moisture in the grain, the inhomogeneity of the material in terms of density and temperature.

Innovative technologies of irrigation reclamation in the production of potatoes and vegetables

В зонах дефицита естественного увлажнения (Краснодарский, Ставропольский края, Саратовская, Волгоградская, Астраханская области) высокие урожаи картофеля и овощей можно получать только на орошаемых землях. В зонах неустойчивого естественного увлажнения (Центрально-Черноземный район, Центральный район, Алтайский край) оросительные мелиорации обеспечивают получение стабильных и высоких урожаев этих культур. С 2005 по 2020 годы площадь орошаемых земель в России увеличилась с 4,55 до 4,63 млн га. Орошаемые площади в основном увеличивались за счет овощных полей. На орошаемых землях начинают использовать дистанционные технологии зондирования с. – х. земель. По сигналам частотных каналов определяют нормализованный разностный вегетационный индекс NDVI, индекс влажности поверхности Земли LSWI. Известные технологии не позволяют дистанционно установить сроки поливов овощных культур и картофеля. Предлагаемая технология включает создание маркерных участков, установление сроков поливов массива орошения по индексам NDVI зондирования растений маркерного участка. Размещали не менее одного маркерного участка на 100 га. Площадь маркерного участка не менее 200 м2. Норма внесения азотных удобрений на маркерном участке на 50–70% превышает норму внесения удобрений на остальном массиве орошения. На маркерном участке отмечали интенсивное подвядание листьев растений при NDVI менее 0,4. В этот момент назначали полив всего массива орошения. Особенности технологии показаны на результатах математического моделирования динамики NDVI, влажности почвы на маркерном участке и массиве орошения в условиях Саратовской области. Культура – картофель, нормы внесения удобрений на массиве орошения – N40P30K35, на маркерном участке – N65P30K35, урожайность – 39 т/га, почвы каштановые, среднесуглинистые, климатические показатели среднемноголетние. Определение индекса NDVI по сигналам зондирования, установление сроков поливов выполняется с использованием данных градиентного влагомера влажности почвы и технологии обучения искусственного интеллекта системы управления орошением. Программно-инструментальный комплекс, включающий маркерный участок, градиентный влагомер и искусственный интеллект системы управления орошением обеспечат экологическую безопасность и высокую эффективность производства картофеля и овощей. In zones of deficiency of natural moisture (Krasnodar, Stavropol territories, Saratov, Volgograd, Astrakhan regions) high yields of potatoes and vegetables can be obtained only on irrigated lands. In zones of unstable natural moisture (Central Black Earth region, Central region, Altai territory) irrigation reclamation ensures stable and high yields of these crops. From 2005 to 2020, the area of irrigated lands in Russia increased from 4.55 to 4.63 million ha. Irrigated areas were mainly increased due to vegetable fields. Remote sensing technologies for agricultural land are beginning to be used on irrigated lands. The signals of the frequency channels are used to determine the normalized difference vegetation index NDVI, the moisture index of the Earth's surface LSWI. The known technologies do not allow remotely setting the timing of watering vegetables and potatoes. The proposed technology includes the creation of marker plots, the establishment of the timing of irrigation of the irrigation array according to the NDVI indices of plant sounding of the marker plot. Place at least one marker plot per 100 hectares. The area of the marker plot is not less than 200 m2. The rate of application of nitrogen fertilizers on the marker plot is 50–70% higher than the rate of application of fertilizers on the rest of the irrigation area. In the marker plot, there is an intense wilting of plant leaves with an NDVI less than 0.4. At this moment, watering of the entire irrigation array is scheduled. The features of the technology are shown on the results of mathematical modeling of the dynamics of NDVI, soil moisture on the marker plot and the irrigation array in the Saratov region. Crop – potatoes, fertilization rates on the irrigated array – N40P30K35, on the marker plot – N65P30K35, yield – 39 t/ha, chestnut soils, medium loamy, climatic indicators are average long-term. Determination of the NDVI index based on sounding signals, setting the timing of irrigation is performed using data from a gradient soil moisture meter and artificial intelligence training technology for an irrigation control system. A software and instrumental complex including a marker section, a gradient moisture meter and an artificial intelligence of the irrigation control system will ensure environmental safety and high efficiency in the production of potatoes and vegetables.

PERBAIKAN MEDIA TANAM DENGAN PENGGUNAAN pH METER DAN MOISTURE METER PADA AGRIBISNIS TANAMAN HIAS

Tujuan utama kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah untuk menumbuhkan dan mengembangkan kesadaran pentingnya wirausaha dan memberikan pemahaman akan pentingnya media tanam terutamanya menyangkut pH, kelembaban dan intensitas cahaya pada tanaman hias. Metode yang dipakai guna mencapai tujuan yang dimaksud adalah penyuluhan, pelatihan dan pendampingan pembuatan media tanam, penggunaan pH meter dan moisture meter. Penanaman bibit baru yang sudah disesuaikan dengan media tanam sesuai syarat hidup masing-masing tanaman hias. Hasil menunjukan bahwa Pelatihan perbaikan media tanam dengan menggunakan pH meter dan moisture meter mampu meningkatkan pengetahuan mitra akan pH tanah, kelembaban tanah dan intensitas cahaya beserta peranannya bagi kehidupan tanaman hias. Mitra dapat memilih dan mencampur masing-masing media tanam yang disesuaikan dengan jenis tanaman yang diusahakan. Pendampingan diperlukan lebih lanjut terutama menyangkut teknik manajemen tanaman hias karena penataan didalam lokasi usaha petani masih bercampur. ABSTRACT The main purpose of this community service activity is to grow and develop an awareness of the importance of entrepreneurship and provide an understanding of the importance of planting media, especially regarding pH, humidity, and light intensity in ornamental plants. The methods used to achieve the intended objectives are counseling, training, and assistance in the planting media, using pH meters and moisture meters. Planting new seeds that have been adapted to the growing media according to the life requirements of each ornamental plant. The results showed that training to improve planting media using a pH meter and moisture meter was able to increase partners' knowledge of soil pH, soil moisture, and light intensity along with their role in the life of ornamental plants. Partners can choose and mix each planting medium according to the type of plant being cultivated. Further assistance is needed, especially regarding ornamental plant management techniques because the arrangement in the farmer's business location is still mixed.

Synthesis of a linear static function for grain moisture meter with capacitive sensors

Moisture content is a grain quality factor, a parameter which changes during the processes of storage and processing and determines consumer properties of different food products. OIML organization in its international recommendation OIML R59 “Moisture Meters for Cereal Grain and Oilseeds” restricts maximal permissible value of moisture meters uncertainty to not more than 3% of relative full scale error. Main task of the research is in receiving linear static function for the grain moisture meter with four capacitive sensors. Method of Least Squares and general linear regression instruments had been used for that purpose. Analyzing the graphs of modified static function for different moist substances it was possible to say that it happened to be far more effective than initial static function and the static function received from a first-order polynomial after the LS method implementation. Root mean estimator was calculated for initial static function, the static function received with the LS method and static function, received after general linear regression implementation as an integral difference between nominal and calculated values of moisture content. Corresponding root mean estimator values were 1.3062%, 1.1616% and 0.4158%, that proves the effectiveness of a static function modified with the general linear regression instruments. Keywords: moisture content measurement; capacitive moisture meter; reference channel; capacitive sensor; linear static function

Arsitektur Moisture Meter dengan Capacitive Sensing dan Serverless IoT Untuk Hidroponik Fertigasi

The current agricultural systems generally uses chemical fertilizers as a growth booster in order to meet the global food needs of 7 billion people and all of their livestock. But unfortunately not all are aware of the great danger behind such an overuse, unmetered application of chemical fertilizers, freely in an open field for the survival of the planet and its population. Thanks to technological advances, especially in the field of instrumentation and communication technology, the problem of increasing efficiency and avoiding such overuse should be minimized properly. In this study, the researchers tried to apply capacitive moisture sensor technology and serverless Internet of Things to the moisture meter instrument in the hydroponic drip fertigation system with roasted husk planting media. Capactive sensor technology has the advantage of corrosion resistance when applied to planting media containing high humidity and low alkalinity. By using a serverless IoT architecture, it is possible to monitor from anywhere via the internet, without involving complicated and expensive infrastructure. Based on the results of the prototype testing, it is known that the instruments built can work properly. The results of monitoring system conditions such as temperature and free heap appear stable. The reading results of the two sensors also run steadily, without fluctuations and variations in the reading that exceed 5%. The process of remote monitoring and data logging to serverless IoT is monitored to be stable with a data recording success rate of 99.8%.

CALCULATION OF THE BASIC AND ADDITIONAL ERRORS OF THE MOISTURE METER OF GRAIN AND GRAIN PRODUCTS

Calculation of the basic error of the moisture meter is determined by the error in measuring the frequency. The latter, in turn, consists of the error of the timer-counter when counting the frequency (quantization), the error in determining the coefficients a1and a2of the mathematical model of the measuring transducer during calibration, and the error due to the noise of the comparator-amplifier.Keywords:error, error calculation, measurements, result.

Graduation technique for vibration flow device for grain mass moisture control

The article shows that sampling of grain while controlling the moisture content is carried out in accordance with the current recommendations and standards. The mass of a sample should be sufficient to form 10-15 samples with uniformly distributed moisture values with an interval of no more than 3-4% in the measurement range of a vibration-flow moisture meter. Determination of grain moisture is carried out by the thermogravimetric method using a drying oven as a standard in the following sequence. Measurements with a moisture meter are taken at least three times. For the final measurement result, the average value α of the moisture meter readings from a series of successive measurements is taken. The range in a series of measurements should not exceed 0.05α; otherwise the measurements are repeated. The moisture measurement results and the corresponding readings of the device are entered in the appropriate table. When constructing graduation curves, a correlation-regression analysis of the measurement results is carried out, which is as follows. A correlation field is constructed - a graphical representation of the relationship between the moisture values of the material Wi and the readings of the moisture meter αi. If the analysis is performed correctly, the theoretical regression line plotted on the correlation field should be located as close as possible to the experimental measurement points. The basic error of the vibration-flow moisture meter, obtained as a result of the calculation, should not exceed the permissible value. Otherwise, the graduation of the moisture meter is repeated.

Displacements Schemes for Obtaining the Frequency Dependence on the Cottonseeds Moisture

The mathematic model of the high frequency moisture meter for cottonseeds has been constructed, in which the studying material as a complex dielectric installing in an electric field is represented. The displacement scheme which includes capacity between electrodes and also capacities and resistors corresponding to different polarization types has been presented. 4 variants of displacement schemes which describe approximately the dependence of angle tangency of dielectric losses on the electromagnet field frequency using in the measuring device have been considered. It has been shown that the simplest two element R-C scheme connected parallel corresponds to the closest real description of measuring object in frequencies range from 105 up to 108 Hertz.