Delivering anion transporters to lipid bilayers in water

CYCLODEXTRINS HAVE BEEN EMPLOYED AS DELIVERY AGENTS FOR LIPOPHILIC ANION TRANSPORTERS, WHICH ALLOW THEIR INCORPORATION INTO LIPID BILAYERS WITHOUT USING AN ORGANIC SOLVENT OR PRE-INCORPORATION.

Delivering anion transporters to lipid bilayers in water

CYCLODEXTRINS HAVE BEEN EMPLOYED AS DELIVERY AGENTS FOR LIPOPHILIC ANION TRANSPORTERS, WHICH ALLOW THEIR INCORPORATION INTO LIPID BILAYERS WITHOUT USING AN ORGANIC SOLVENT OR PRE-INCORPORATION.

Dipodal Tetraamide Derivatives of 1,10-Diaza-18-Crown-6 and Alkylmalonic Acids—Synthesis and Use as Ionophores in Ion Selective Membrane Electrodes

Novel dipodal derivatives of an 18-membered diaza-crown ether with two diamide chains featuring methylmalonic or butylmalonic acid residues were obtained and tested as ionophores in ion-selective plasticized membrane electrodes. The objective of the study was to identify measurement conditions which ensure the most favorable performance for magnesium ion-selective electrodes. The relationship between the molar lipophilic anion salt-to-ionophore ratio and selectivity of electrodes was examined. The best result was obtained for the conventional electrode containing Mg2 ionophore. Calculated selectivity coefficients were as follows: logKMg/Ca = −2.77, logKMg/Na = −3.46 and logKMg.K = −2.24 (SSM, 1M).

Delivering anion transporters to lipid bilayers in water

Cyclodextrins have been employed as delivery agents for lipophilic anion transporters, which allow their incorporation into lipid bilayers without using an organic solvent or pre-incorporation.

Cancer cells have distinct electrical properties that predict a susceptibility to lipophilic anions; a new cancer drug paradigm

ABSTRACTI use the Nernst equation, parameterised with experimental data, to predict that cancer cells will accumulate more of a lipophilic anion than normal cells. This effect is correlated to charge number. Model cancer cells accumulate *100 more of an anion, *103 more di-anion, *106 more tri-anion, *108 more tetra-anion and *1010 more penta-anion (>>1 billion times more). The trend endures, conveying even greater specificity, for higher charge numbers. This effect could be leveraged for cancer therapy. Wherein the lipophilic anion is a toxin that targets some vital cellular process, which normal and cancer cells may even share. It delivers a high, lethal dose to cancer cells but a low, safe dose to normal cells. This mathematical finding conveys the prospect of a broad, powerful new front against cancer.

Phosphorescent organoplatinum(ii) complexes with a lipophilic anion: supramolecular soft nanomaterials through ionic self-assembly and metallophilicity

In the ionic self-assembly of organoplatinum(ii) complexes, the lipophilic anion dictates the polymer-like processability and the cation decides the light-emitting capability.

APLIKASI SENYAWA AMIDA HUMAT SEBAGAI IONOFOR DALAM MEMBRAN ELEKTRODA SELEKTIF ION Ni (II)

The amide compound derived from humic acid has been applied as ionophore in ion selective electrode (ISE) measurement based on poly vinyl chloride (PVC) membrane. The carboxylic acid group of the humic acid was first modified to the corresponding amide and is expected to form complex with the target cation. This work aims at obtaining selectivity coefficient towards Ni2+ ion. The products of the reactions were observed using infra red (IR) spectrometer. The amide compound derived from humic acid was immobilized into the membrane with composition percentage (w/w) as the following 32% of PVC, 64% of plasticizer of either [orto-nitrophenil octyl ether (NPOE) or dioctylpthalate (DOP) or dibenzyl ether (DBE)], 2% of lipophilic anion [sodiumtetraphenylborate (NaTPB), and oleic acid], and 2% of ionophore the humic amide, respectively. The results show that ISE membrane give selective response to the Ni2+ ion at pH of 4,5 with response time of approximately 80 seconds. Among many others, the cations that give strong emf interference include Cu2+,Li+, K+, Pb2+, Na+, Zn2+, and Ca2+. The Nernstian factor of ISE membrane is close to +28 mV per decade with linear range of concentration of pNi2+ of 1-6, with composition PVC membrane, DBE as plasticizer, oleic acid as lipophilic anion, and humic amide as ionophore, respectively.

Decreased content of arachidonoyl species of phosphatidylinositol phosphates in pancreas of rats fed on an ethanol-containing diet

Phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns), phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PtdIns4P) and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-diphosphate [PtdIns(4,5)P2] were isolated from the pancreas of rats fed an ethanol-containing liquid diet for 24 days and from the corresponding pair-fed controls. The isolation involved chromatography on a lipophilic anion exchanger in the phosphate form. The species composition was determined by fast-atom bombardment mass spectrometry. The compositions of PtdIns4P and PtdIns(4,5)P2 were similar to that of PtdIns, with the stearoyl/arachidonoyl species constituting about 32% of the total, compared with 38% in PtdIns. PtdIns(4,5)P2 contained a larger fraction of fully saturated species than PtdIns. The PtdIns species having an arachidonoyl group were about half as abundant in the ethanol-treated as in the control rats. The differences between ethanol-fed and control rats were qualitatively similar for PtdIns, PtdIns4P and PtdIns(4,5)P2, but were less marked for PtdIns4P and PtdIns(4,5)P2. The results indicate that the species compositions of PtdIns4P and PtdIns(4,5)P2 reflect that of PtdIns, and that the changes of PtdIns4P and PtdIns(4,5)P2 in ethanol-treated rats are secondary to changes in PtdIns.

Transport of γ-aminobutyrate and l-glutamate into synaptic vesicles. Effect of different inhibitors on the vesicular uptake of neurotransmitters and on the Mg2+-ATPase

The uptakes of gamma-aminobutyrate (GABA) and L-glutamate into synaptic vesicles isolated from rat brain were compared with respect to the effects of 4-acetamido-4′-isothiocyanostilbene-2,2′- disulphonic acid (SITS), 4,4′-di-isothiocyanostilbene-2,2′-disulphonic acid (DIDS) and 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)benzoic acid (N144), agents known to block anion channels. The uptake of glutamate was inhibited by low micromolar concentrations of SITS, DIDS and N144. GABA uptake was much less sensitive to these agents than was glutamate uptake. SITS and N144 inhibited the vacuolar H(+)-ATPase of synaptic vesicles to a smaller extent than the glutamate uptake. The uptake of GABA was not affected by the permeant anions Cl- and Br-, whereas the uptake of glutamate was highly stimulated by low concentrations of these ions. The uptakes of both glutamate and GABA were inhibited by similar, but not identical, concentrations of the lipophilic anion SCN-.

Effect of local anaesthetics on mitochondrial membrane potential in living cells

Using the laser dye rhodamine 123, we demonstrated that local anaesthetics can reach mitochondria in cell culture and reversibly decrease, or even collapse, their transmembrane potential. This effect is highly dependent on the lipid-solubility of the local anaesthetic and can be facilitated by the presence of a lipophilic anion.