Productivity of mountain bows of the carpathians depending on surface improvement measures

Purpose. To determine the peculiarities of formation of productivity, as well as the chemical composition, nutritional value and energy intensity of grass forage, depending on the measures of surface improvement of the meadows of the Carpathian mountain forest zone. Methods. Field works, laboratory, mathematical-statistical. Results. Productivity of haymaking and perennial mowing fluctuated on the range of 2.15–4.77 t/ha and 1.95–4.11 t/ha during the 3-year research of dry mass yield. Compared to the variants without additional sowing of grasses and fertilizer use, the highest productivity of haymaking was upon the additional sowing of cereal grass mixtures and applying of N60P30K60 – 12 % and 85 %, respectively. Productivity of perennial mowing increased upon the additional sowing of Trifolium repens and applying of P30K60 on 85 % and 111 % respectively. The best uniformity of distribution of biomass crop by slopes was obtained by the use of multifaceted use of creeping clover with the introduction of P30K60, when the proportion of 1st slope was 39%, 2nd - 33 and 3rd – 28% with unevenness, which is expressed by the coefficient variation - 18%. Among the measures of surface improvement on the quality of feed by chemical composition, increasing, first of all, the content of crude protein, influenced by the introduction of N60P30K60 or 15 t / ha of manure, and in the case of multi-grade use - the sowing of clover on the background P30K60. Irrespective of the measures of surface improvement, higher crude protein content, better energy consumption and nutritious nutritional value of feed were characterized by a multi-use (pasture imitation) mode of use than hay. Conclusions. For surface improvement of the meadows of the Carpathian mountain forest belt with natural herbage, the annual application of N60P30K60, or 15 t / ha of manure, or – N60P30K60 + sowing of a mixture of grass meadows and sapwood with sapwood, on the grass meadows, is a factor of increasing their productivity and improving the quality of herbage. use or – P30K60 + clover seeding for high quality use. The best positive effect is the application of mineral fertilizers in combination with sowing of perennial grasses.

A tale of one home, one fence, and one bridge: Roma and non-Roma perspectives

In this article, the authors unveil the social context surrounding a publicly funded project to improve the extremely poor housing conditions of a Roma community in Poland. The focus was on one Carpathian mountain village in which a Bergitka Roma settlement has existed for more than 80 years. A brand-new apartment house for the local Roma minority partly replaced the earlier settlement in a village populated by Górale, a highlander group that is the local majority. At present about 70 Roma live in the new building. The ethnographic material was obtained during fieldwork carried out in 1994-2017. Herein the authors reconstruct the most significant moments in this investment from different points of view: the Roma and non-Roma neighbors. Each side interprets the fact in its own, rather paradoxical manner; each side has learned different new things in the process. The ambitious housing policy undoubtedly led to improvement of the Roma standard of living; it did not, however, increase the extent of their integration. The natural geology as well as manmade elements (e.g. a fence and a bridge) create and maintain boundaries. Nevertheless, analysis of the broader social context is decidedly more crucial than an analysis of facts. Ultimately, the sense of such publicly funded housing projects needs to be scrutinized from the diverse perspectives within the local community.

The relationship between structural lipids of sheep wool with its individual macrostructural components, chemical composition and physical indicators

The data on the peculiarities of the structural organization, chemical composition and physical parameters of sheep wool of different breeds depending on the type of their hair are presented. It has been found that the down fibers of ewes of the Ukrainian Carpathian Mountain breed possess the lowest content of β-keratosis (10.2%) and the highest content of α-keratosis (64.4%). In the fine wool of Ascanian ewes and Prekos ewes, the content of β-keratosis is 12.9 and 11.5%, respectively, and the highest content of it (15.1%) is contained in the guard fibers of the Carpathian Mountain ewes. However, in the down fibers of these ewes and the Prekos breed ewes, there is the highest content of γ-keratosis ― 28.4 and 28.7%, the total sulfur and cystine (2.9 and 2.9 and 11.2 and 11.5%), respectively. Besides that, the guard fibers contain the lowest content of both γ-keratosis (58.2%) and sulfur and cystine (2.7 and 9.0%), respectively. It has been established that different categories of fibers contain different amounts of total lipids. The smallest amounts of free lipids are found in the thin down of the Carpathian Mountain ewes (0.75%), the thin wool of the Prekos ewes (0.71%) and Ascanian ewes (0.83%), and the largest number of them is found in the semi-coarse guard fibers of the Carpathian Mountain sheep (1.39%). For bound lipids, a diametrically opposite difference was established: the largest amount of lipids was found in the thin down (1.85%), and the smallest amount — in the semi-coarse guard fibers (1.47%). In the guard fibers, the biggest amount of free lipids is accounted for the fraction of non-esterified cholesterol (64.9% versus 56.5% in the down, 57.7 in the wool of Ascanian ewes and 63.3% in the Prekos ewes), and the least of all they contain the fraction of non-esterified fatty acids (9.6%), and another sterol fraction (9.2%). The fibers of the Prekos breed sheep are noted with the lowest content of esterified cholesterol (8.9%) and the highest content of non-esterified fatty acids. But the fraction of polar lipids consists of almost 50% of ceramides and sulfolipids (more than 20%). At the same time, ceramides account for no more than 40% in the fraction of bound lipids. Physical indicators of wool to some extent reflect the peculiarities of its structure and chemical composition. Thus, the guard fibers have the highest strength (9.1 cN/tex) and fineness (48.8 μm), which is natural, because the guard has the highest content of β-keratose, i.e. cuticle, and the highest amount of lipids. Instead, the thinnest fibers are down fibers (16.9 μm) and they are the weakest (7.0 cN/tex) and these fibers contain the least β-keratose. Thus, there is a direct relationship between the content of the free lipid fraction and the fiber diameter (r = 0.996; 0.887; 0746 for down, fine and semi-coarse, respectively), and between the content of bound lipids — inverse (r = –0.993;–0.995; –0.694).

A New Finding of the Non-Native Copepod Sinodiaptomus sarsi (Copepoda, Calanoida, Diaptomidae) in Ukraine

Sinodiaptomus sarsi is found for the second time in Ukraine, in the three artificial lakes of the one of capital Kyiv city`s park, Nyvky, after its first record in the Carpathian Mountain region near Slovakian border in 2016 by Dr. Mykitchak. Our morphological study showed the similarity between the specimens of S. sarsi found in Kyiv with existing illustrations and descriptions of the Asian population of this species. The most likely route of penetration is human intentional release. Some diagnostic details are discussed and short redescription of species is presented in the paper.

Spatial analysis and distribution modeling of Aconitum moldavicum in Ukrainian Carpathians and adjacent territories with special reference to the algorithm used

The paper aimed to conduct a comprehensive analysis of all available sources (including herbarium vouchers, publications, and datasets) on exact distribution of Aconitum moldavicum in the Ukrainian Carpathians to build the maps modeling the species distribution in this region and adjacent territories. Aconitum moldavicum is a Pancarpathian subendemic distributed widely along Carpathian Mountain range and scattered out to some of adjacent lowland territories. Surprisingly, A. moldavicum was found to be quite rare for Transcarpathian Lowland, where it is represented only by A. moldavicum subsp. hosteanum. Just near the border with Slovakia, A. moldavicum subsp. moldavicum occurs in Vygorlat Mts., while along with all other parts of Vygorlat-Gutyn Carpathians it does not appear. However both taxa, A. moldavicum subsp. moldavicum and A. moldavicum subsp. hosteanum, are quite frequently appear in Ciscarpathia and Volhynia-Podilia Highland together with their hybrid A. moldavicum nothosubsp. confusum. Aconitum moldavicum nothosubsp. porcii and nothosubsp. simonkaianum occur exclusively in Marmarosh region of the Ukrainian Carpathians, and probably A. moldavicum nothosubsp. porcii can be also re-find in Chornohora. Presence of A. moldavicum nothosubsp. simonkaianum in Volhynia-Podilia Highland seems to be doubtful, because there are no any other evidences despite the only voucher hosted at GJO herbarium. Moreover, other vouchers collected by B. Błocki from the same region were identified as belonging to A. moldavicum nothosubsp. hosteanum. We used different algorithms of SDM (MaXent, BioClim, GARP, EnvDist, TIN and IDW) to check the most sufficient and most closely representing a real distribution of A. moldavicum in the area studied. BioClim properly pointed to the geographic centers of the species in the Carpathians, Volhynia-Podilia Highland, and in Polish Uplands. Traditionally applied algorithm MaxEnt underestimates the probability of occurrence of species in the area of confirmed presence and, at the same time, overestimates it in the area beyond the known extent of species occurrence. IDW algorithm showed similar results with MaxEnt and confirmed its potential suitability for SDM purposes.

An updated checklist of algae from the Tatra Mountain lakes (Slovakia)—based on field research from 2010/12

Checklists of any confined locality are very pertinent not only to academic researchers, but also to the policy makers in formulating biodiversity conservation strategies. The Tatra Mountains are the highest mountain peaks of the Carpathian Mountain range, located at the border between Slovakia and Poland, certified by UNESCO as a MAB Biosphere Reserve. More than 100 lakes of various sizes and depths are present in the valleys of this mountainous terrain, which were under severe acidification till late 1980s and recovered during 2000 after control of air pollution. For many years these lakes have witnessed several floristic and ecological studies. But, to facilitate the research, the available baseline information of algal floristics was of 25 years old. Thus, the present inventory was intented to update the existing information. It comprises of 557 cyanobacterial and algal taxa belonging to 228 genera and 95 families of the phyla Cyanobacteria, Stramenopiles, Alveolata, Cryptophyta, Chlorophyta, Charophyta and Euglenophyta. In the checklist, Forty-nine taxa (8.79%) are significantly updated to the existing records from the surveys made during 2010/12 in the present work and some recently published records.

A Domestic Space: The Central and Eastern Carpathians in the Polish Tourist and Local Lore Discourse, 1918–1939

The article presents various ways of ideologization of the Central (Boyko and Lemko regions) and Eastern (Hutsul region) Carpathians in interwar Poland. After the Polish-Ukrainian War (1918–1919), that part of the Carpathian mountain range was situated in the Second Polish Republic. In contrast to the Tatras, which played the role of Polish national landscape, the Carpathians were alien to Poles in terms of ethnicity and culture. Thus, the Polish authorities, as well as touristic and local lore organizations, sought and largely managed to transform these mountains into a domestic landscape, which was no center of national identity but constituted an important spot on the mental map of the Polish national community, recognized as an undeniable part of Polish statehood. The article shows how the exoticization of the Carpathians, state holidays, and the development of state-funded mass tourism resulted in the increased sense of familiarity between Polish lowlanders and highlanders and, consequently, the symbolic inscription of the Carpathians into the Polish domain and common imagination.