In the Name of the Father? Fertility, Religion, and Child Naming in the Demographic Transition

This article shows that parents reveal information about their fertility behavior through how they name their children. I arrive at this finding from a detailed examination of the net fertility of 130,000 married couples in Ireland, a country known for its historically high fertility rate, circa 1911. After stringently accounting for couples' occupation, religion, and location, I find higher fertility rates among couples who chose distinctly Catholic names and traditional names for their children, with the latter being particularly important. Exposure to towns and cities lowered net fertility and weakened preferences for traditional and Catholic names. Cumulatively, these findings highlight the role of traditional rural norms over explicitly religious influences in driving high fertility rates in Ireland. The impact of towns and cities in reducing net fertility suggests that Ireland's sluggish urbanization was a key factor in its high historical fertility rate.

In the name of the father? Fertility, religion and child naming in the demographic transition

This article shows that parents reveal information about their fertility behavior through how they name their children. I arrive at this finding from detailed examination of the net fertility of 130,000 married couples in Ireland circa 1910, a country known for its historically high fertility rate. After stringently accounting for the occupation, religion and location of couples, I find higher fertility rates among couples who chose distinctly Catholic names and traditional names for their children, with the latter being particularly important. Exposure to towns and cities lowered net fertility and weakened preferences for traditional and Catholic names. Cumulatively, these findings highlight the role of traditional rural norms over explicitly religious influences in driving high fertility rates in Ireland. The impact of towns and cities in reducing net fertility suggests that Ireland’s sluggish urbanization was a key factor in its high historical fertility rate.

Selected socio-economic factors co-occurring with high fertility rate in the OECD countries

This article presents the results of examining selected factors co-occurring with high fertility rate in developed countries. Selected OECD countries at a similar stage of demographic development have been subjected to analysis. By means of cluster analysis, the selected developed countries have also been identified according to the type of adopted family policy. It has been found that the developed countries which spend more on family policy in relation to GDP are generally characterised by higher fertility rates than those which spend less. In the light of those findings, the family-policy expenditures which allow women to reconcile professional work with raising children turned out to be particularly important. The fertility rate has also been found to clearly correlate with labour market rates, with the level of women’s professional activity in particular. Moreover, in the developed countries the relatively high fertility rate is accompanied by low rates of young people who do not work or attend school and are not in vocational training, as well as a high rate of extramarital births.

Determinants of High Fertility Rate among Married Women in Ethiopia

Background: Fertility is one the major components of changing the population size and structure over time. Hence, this study aims to identify the socioeconomic and demographic factors associated with the high fertility rate among married women in Ethiopia Method: Ethiopian demography and health survey of 2016 data were accessed and used for the analysis. A total of 9602 married women were included in the study. Poisson regression models were employed by considering the number of children ever born (count) as a response variable. Results: A total of 9602 married women were included and 907 (9.4%) of the mothers have not born a child in their life time and only 307 (3.2%) of them have born more than 9 children. Rich women (IRR =0.794; 95%CI: 0.685, 0.920, secondary and above education of women (IRR =0.602; 95%CI: 0.570, 0.635), secondary and above education level of husbands’ (IRR =0.917; 95%CI: 0.880, 0.955) and late marriage (IRR =0.853; 95%CI: 0.832, 0.873) were found significantly associated with low level of fertility rate. Small family size (IRR =2.23.; 95%CI: 2.168, 2.294) and being child death experience (IRR =1.636; 95%CI: 1.601, 1.672) were also showed statistically significant association with high level of fertility rate. Conclusion: The government should focus on providing better access to education, increasing the coverage of family planning service and improving sources of income. Furthermore, the society should be made aware on consequences of high fertility on the child and maternal health, household economy, human capital investment and environmental degradation.

The Effects of a Revenue-Neutral Child Subsidy Tax Mechanism on Growth and GHG Emissions

Growing population, greenhouse gas emissions, and the pressure to improve economic growth are conflicting and controversial issues at the core of political economy. In this paper, using a theoretical model, we show that by shifting relative costs of child-rearing and costs for education, we can achieve a slowdown in population growth and greenhouse emissions, and an enhancement of economic growth. These goals are based on two fundamental considerations—the quantity–quality tradeoff with respect to the choice of the number, and the educational level of children. An analysis is presented using a standard overlapping generation (OLG) framework that is extended with human capital, endogenous fertility, and changing life expectancy. The environmental impact of economic activities is modeled using a modified IPAT framework. Our results show that it is possible to reduce the level of carbon emissions of the whole economy and to generate a Pareto improvement. Subsequently, an economic strategy is presented that is costless, has various advantages, and particularly useful for countries experiencing high fertility rate that are not sustainable.

Pengaruh Nitrat (NO3) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Alami Eceng Gondok (Eichornia crassipes Solms.) Berdasarkan Biomassa Basah Di Danau Batur, Kintamani, Bali

Batur Lake is one of the natural lakes in the province of Bali where the activity of fishing, agriculture, tourism and housing available. This study aims to determine the effect of nitrate relation to the natural growth of the water hyacinth (Eichornia crassipes). Increased water hyacinth biomass in Songan station is the highest among the three other stations (Batur, Buahan, and Trunyan). At the end of the study (day 42 ), water hyacinth biomass of Songan station increased by 338.2 % from the initial weight, while at another station the increase weight ranges from 75 % -158 %. The highest daily growth rate in Trunyan station 3.68% / day, and the lowest in station Buahan which only reached 0.88% / day. At the Songan station where are many floating net which contribute to increase nitrate. There is a tendency of growth of water hyacinth faster at higher nitrate conditions. Nitrate conditions ranged from 0,35 to 0,62 m /l which shows that the waters of Batur Lake classified into waters that have a high fertility rate (eutrophic).

Demographic potential of the countries that have applied for the European Union membership

Demographic potential of the countries that have applied for the European Union membership The purpose of the article is to analyse the demographic potential of the countries that have applied for the European Union membership against the background of the EU member states. The study involves eight candidate states: Croatia, Iceland, Macedonia, Montenegro, and Turkey, i.e. the countries that have been approved by the European Commission as official candidates for the EU membership, as well as Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, i.e. the potential candidates. Albania and Serbia applied officially for the EU membership in 2009. Favourable population age structure and relatively high fertility rate that occur in these countries determine a significant demographic potential they can bring to the EU after their accession. Decrease in infant mortality rate and extension of life expectancy illustrate positive changes that have been taking place in these countries for the last several years.

Concern Over the Future of the Nation. A Discourse Analytical Study on Changes in Russian Demographic Policy in the Years 2000-2010

This article discusses statements on demographic policy issued by the Russian stateleadership in the years 2000-2010. During the years covered in this study, there hasbeen an increase in publicly expressed concern over the state of the population, i.e.low birth rate in conjunction with high mortality. This concern over population asa research topic is made relevant, first of all, by the acute nature it has as a socialpolitical issue. Secondly, it has a variety of connections with other important areas,such as family life, gender, and labor market.The research material consists of annual speeches delivered by Russian stateleadership, as well as three official long-range plans, in which discussion concerningthe demographic situation is given a central role. Discourse analysis was adopted asthe theoretical framework to guide the interpretations because it facilitates observationof the linguistic mechanisms used to define certain phenomena as problems, and tooffer other phenomena as solutions to these problems.The analysis revealed three types of discourse, each a part of a broaderdemographic policy discourse, and each defining Russian demographic policy inits own characteristic way. In the Serious Problem discourse, the demographicphenomenon is taken apart and rationalized, while awareness of an impending crisisis created. The State Support discourse offers solutions to a defined problem andlends legitimacy to state leadership as a successful executor of these solutions. TheFamily Centered discourse argues for the traditional family model, according towhich legal marriage, reproduction and high fertility rate are key values.