Sense Element Engagement Theory Explains How Neural Networks Produce Cortical Prosthetic Vision

<p>Demonstrating that an understanding of how neural networks produce a specific quality of experience has been achieved would provide a foundation for new research programs and neurotechnologies. The phenomena that comprise cortical prosthetic vision have two desirable properties for the pursuit of this goal: 1) Models of the subjective qualities of cortical prosthetic vision can be constructed; and 2) These models can be related in a natural way to models of the objective aspects of cortical prosthetic vision. Sense element engagement theory portrays the qualities of cortical prosthetic vision together with coordinated objective neural phenomena as constituting sensible spatiotemporal patterns that are produced by neural interactions. Small-scale neural network simulations are used to illustrate how these patterns are thought to arise. It is proposed that simulations and an electronic neural network (ENN) should be employed in devising tests of the theory. Large-scale simulations can provide estimates of parameter values that are required to construct an ENN. The ENN will be used to develop a prosthetic device that is predicted by the theory to produce visual forms in a novel fashion. According to the theory, confirmation of this prediction would also provide evidence that this ENN is a sentient device.</p>

Sense Element Engagement Theory Explains How Neural Networks Produce Cortical Prosthetic Vision

<p>Demonstrating that an understanding of how neural networks produce a specific quality of experience has been achieved would provide a foundation for new research programs and neurotechnologies. The phenomena that comprise cortical prosthetic vision have two desirable properties for the pursuit of this goal: 1) Models of the subjective qualities of cortical prosthetic vision can be constructed; and 2) These models can be related in a natural way to models of the objective aspects of cortical prosthetic vision. Sense element engagement theory portrays the qualities of cortical prosthetic vision together with coordinated objective neural phenomena as constituting sensible spatiotemporal patterns that are produced by neural interactions. Small-scale neural network simulations are used to illustrate how these patterns are thought to arise. It is proposed that simulations and an electronic neural network (ENN) should be employed in devising tests of the theory. Large-scale simulations can provide estimates of parameter values that are required to construct an ENN. The ENN will be used to develop a prosthetic device that is predicted by the theory to produce visual forms in a novel fashion. According to the theory, confirmation of this prediction would also provide evidence that this ENN is a sentient device.</p>

ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ СМЫСЛА В ВЫСКАЗЫВАНИЯХ СОБОЛЕЗНОВАНИЯ (НА МАТЕРИАЛЕ НЕМЕЦКОГО ЯЗЫКА)

Статья посвящена анализу речевого акта соболезнования с точки зрения конфигурации единого смыслового комплекса данного речевого акта. Дается краткая прагматическая характеристика соболезнования, входящего в состав симпативных речевых актов. Автор, основываясь на многокомпонентной динамической модели смысла, подробно описывает отдельные компоненты смысла речевого акта соболезнования, определяет место каждого из них в единой смысловой системе. Делаются выводы о центральной роли в смысловом единстве соболезнования интенционального смысла, имплицитности, скрытости пропозиционального компонента, неравнозначной представленности элементов эмотивного смысла.The article focuses on the analysis of the speech act of condolence from the point of view of its sense unity configuration. The article provides a brief pragmatic characteristic of condolence which may be referred to the group of sympathic speech acts within the major class of expressives. Based on the multi-component dynamic model of sense, the author gives a detailed description of every single sense element in condolence utterances and determines their position in the general sense complex. The author concludes on the central, foreground position of the intentional component in the whole sense unity of condolences, the propositional component being implicit.

STRUKTUR METAFORA DALAM WACANA NARASI [Methafor Structural in Naration Text]

This study aims to describe the structure of metaphor in terms of topic elements, elements of image and sense elements in the narrative discourse. The data source in this study was obtained from a book collection of short stories and books on life travel stories in the form of published autobiographical books. The data of this study is an expression of metaphor in the form of phrases. Data collection techniques are done by documentation techniques, reading techniques, and note taking techniques. The results of this study indicate the topic elements in the structure of metaphors in narrative discourse forming five comparative concepts, namely (1) the concept of comparison of nouns, (2) the concept of comparison of nouns, (3) the concept of adjective noun, (4) the concept of adjective comparison -nomina, and (5) the concept of adjective-verb comparison. Image elements found in metaphorical structures include animal image elements, synesthesia image elements, anthropomorphic image elements, and abstract to concrete image elements. In the sense element or similarity point in this study found four similarity point categories, namely (1) the point of independence based on equality, (2) the point of similarity based on the function equation, (3) the point of similarity based on the equation of motion or direction, and (4) point similarity based on the equation of action. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan struktur metafora yang ditinjau dari unsur topik, unsur citra dan unsur sense dalam wacana narasi. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini diperoleh dari buku kumpulan cerpen dan buku kisah perjalanan hidup dalam bentuk buku autobiografi yang telah diterbitkan. Data penelitian ini adalah ungkapan metafora dalam bentuk frasa. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik dokumentasi, teknik baca, dan teknik catat. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan unsur topik pada struktur metafora dalam wacana narasi membentuk lima konsep perbandingan yaitu (1) konsep perbandingan nomina-nomina, (2) konsep perbandingan nomina-verba, (3) konsep perbandingan nomina-adjektiva, (4) konsep perbandingan adjektiva-nomina, dan (5) konsep perbandingan adjektiva-verba. Unsur citra yang ditemukan dalam struktur metafora meliputi unsur citra hewan, unsur citra sinestesia, unsur citra antropomofik, dan unsur citra abstrak ke konkret. Pada unsur sense atau titik kemiripan dalam penelitian ini ditemukan empat kategori titik kemiripan, yaitu (1) titik kemiripan berdasarkan persamaan sifat, (2) titik kemiripan berdasarkan persamaan fungsi, (3) titik kemiripan berdasarkan persamaan gerak atau arah, dan (4) titik kemiripan berdasarkan persamaan tindakan.

Finite Element Analysis of Four-Leg Capacitive Accelerometer

MEMS are the manufacturing of a wide variety of items that are mechanical and electronic in nature. This paper describes a capacitive accelerometer technology using sense element structures. The sense element consists of a symmetrically flat plate of mass supported by four L shaped cantilevers, beams and frameworks. Capacitor plates located on the surface are used to detect the displacement. By using the finite element analysis method to build a model, analyzing the maximal displacement of mass, resonant frequency and stress of cantilever beam with different length, width and thickness.