Contribution of imaging to the management of acute generalized peritonitis in the visceral surgery department of the Sino-Guinean hospital

Introduction: Acute generalized peritonitis is a life-threatening emergency. It is most often secondary to a perforation of the digestive organ and or to the spread of an intra-abdominal septic area. Methodology: We carried out a descriptive retrospective study lasting from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018 on the contribution of imaging in the management of acute generalized peritonitis general surgery department of the hospital Chinese-Guinean. Were included in our study, all records of patients with acute generalized peritonitis will be confirmed by imaging. We carried out an exhaustive recruitment of all complete files. Our variables were analyzed using the Epi-info 7.2 software. Result: Out of 578 hospitalized patients, peritonitis represented 8.8% of cases. We noted a male predominance with 60.8% and a Sex-ratio: M / F = 1.6 whose mean age was 41.9 ± 13.5 years; extremes ranging from 17 and 67 years with a modal class ≥ 30 years or 88.3%. Housewives were the most collected with 25.5% Abdominal pain was the main reason for consultation, i.e., 90.2%, the physical sign was dominated by a convex and sensitive Douglas-fir, i.e., 27.5%. The clinical diagnosis was supported by abdomen without preparation and abdominal ultrasound; performed in 84.3% and 15.7% of patients, respectively. We noted a morbidity rate of 15.7% dominated by septic shock (15.7%). Conclusion: Our study made it possible to determine the contribution of imaging in the management. In addition, in our study, the abdomen without preparation and the abdomino-pelvic ultrasound were revealed as a key link in the management of acute generalized peritonitis.

REPRODUCING QUALITIES OF SOWS OF DIFFERENT FAMILIES OF LARGE WHITE AND POLTAVA MEAT BREEDS IN THE TRIBAL HERDS OF PIGS OF KHMELNYCHINA

Goal. To assess the reproductive ability of inspected sows of different families of large white and Poltava meat breeds in breeding herds of Khmelnytsky region on the main selection signs using the evaluation indices of reproductive qualities. Methods. Comparison, zootechnical and biometric analyzes. Results. The reproductive qualities of sows of different families in breeding herds of pigs of large white and Poltava meat breeds of farms of Khmelnytsky region were evaluated. Among the families of large white breed, the best indicators for assessing the reproductive capacity of inspected sows were found in the family of the Sorceress, in which the main feature – fertility by modal class of distribution was 10.8 heads piglets per 1 farrowing, which is 2.8% more than the Taiga family of the same class. According to the modal class M+, the fertility of the Sorceress family (12.0 piglets per farrowing) was 0.3 heads higher than that of the females of this class of the Taiga family (11.7 heads per farrowing). The modal class М¯ of the firstborn family of the Sorceress was the best with a fertility of 9.7 heads, which is 3.2% higher than the Taiga family. Indicators of the number of piglets at weaning at the age of 30 days, the weight of the nest at weaning, the live weight of 1 head of piglets and preservation of offspring (9.5 heads; 94.1 kg; 9.9 kg; 87.9%), by class (М°), the Sorceress family was 3.2 heads bigger; 7.4 kg; 2.0 kg and 0.5% compared to the Taiga family. As a result of ranking sows by evaluation indices of reproductive qualities, I (evaluation index by a limited number of traits) and P (complex evaluation index) had an advantage by the most prolific sows of the Sorceress family of class M+, in which these indices were 43.0 and 96.1 points. In the process of research of reproductive ability of sows of Poltava meat breed of different families it was established that on the basis of fertility the Rosinka family is the best, whose fertility by distribution by class (М°) was 10.7 heads. piglets per 1 farrowing. It exceeds the average value for 5 families: 0.4 heads of Dorza and Vorskla families, 0.6 goals. Bystro's family and 1 goal. the Palm family. According to the modal class M+, the Rosinka family (11.8 piglets per 1 farrowing) has 0.3 heads more fertility than the Dorza and Vorskla families, 0.6 goals higher. and 0.1 heads than the Bistra and Palma families. The lowest fertility of sows in the class (М°) was recorded in the Dorza family (8.9 heads of piglets per farrowing). It should be noted that the Dorza family and the smallest Palma family in the M+ class have the best nest weight at weaning at the age of 45 days (138.7 and 144.2 kg), which is 18.6 more than in the М° class. and 20.7 kg. According to the indicators of the number of piglets at weaning and live weight of 1 head, the Palma's family of class M+ (10.6 heads and 13.6 kg) is distinguished. The best preservation of the offspring in the Palma's family of class M¯ = 94.7%. As a result of ranking sows of different families of Poltava meat breed according to the estimated indices of reproductive qualities, it was noted that the highest number of points in the modal class (М°) was obtained by the family Rosinka I = 40.8 and P = 94.8, which is more than the average for all families by 2.1 and 3.6 points. According to the evaluation indices (I) and (P), the best were sows of the Rosinka family of class M+, in which these indices corresponded to the values of 42.7 and 99.4 points. Conclusions. Among different families, the best results of assessing the reproductive capacity of sows on the main selection traits and evaluation indices were found in the families of the Sorceress of the Great White breed and the family of Rosinka of the Poltava meat breed, which should continue to be used for breeding in breeding herds of pigs. An important factor in increasing the productivity of sows, of course, should be the correct selection of the level of reproductive breeding traits and a significant increase in feeding and housing conditions.

Sex ratio, gonad maturity and size-structure of Pagelus bellotti in Sierra Leone

A total of 135 specimens of Pagellus bellotti were randomly collected from artisanal boats in August 2018. Study of sex ratio, gonad maturity and size-structure of Pagellus bellottii is meagre in Sierra Leone, and forms the basis of the present study. The study will contribute to current knowledge and promote rational exploitation of the stock. Length and weight were measured using a fish measuring board (cm) and digital weight scale (g) respectively. Sex and gonad maturity were macroscopically assessed. Results showed dominant males (71.9%) and significant difference observed (1:2.6) and expected (1:1) female: male sex ratios (p <0.05). Only 11.9% and 11.1% of male and female gonads transcended to the developed stage (Stage IV). The length-frequency distribution for combined sex was unimodal (modal class, 17cm-20.9cm). Mean length and weight respectively were, 19.04±0.32cm and 98.85±5.08g for males and 17.43±0.54cm and 78.61±6.32g for females. Growth exponent (b) for male, female and combined sex was 2.809, 2.928 and 2.850 respectively and the correlation coefficient for all sex categories showed (r > 0.9). Indexes of condition were greater than 1.0 (K > 1) for all sex categories. Results portrayed a heterogeneous gender population of Pagelus bellottii and vast similarity in reproductive strategies by both sexes. The fish comprised of one size group and males may be growing larger than the females. Growth pattern was near-isometric for females and negative allometric for the males, and both sexes were in better condition (K >1.0). An annual study could provide further insight.

Efficiency of Sales of Edible Eggs by Weight and Categories. Pricing Methodology

The yields of eggs of various categories from modern highly productive crosses of chickens (SP-789, Lohmann LSL Classic, Lohmann Brown Lite) were studied. The comparative efficiency of the egg sale by weight and categories, the development of a pricing methodology are discussed. It was found that for the considered crosses the first category is the modal class or the class of the highest frequency of occurrence. The average weight, the cost of 1 g of egg weight, and the new selling price of eggs of the first category practically coincide with the average values of these parameters of the general set. The most economically feasible is the sale of edible eggs by weight. However, it requires additional financial investments for the purchase, installation, and maintenance of weighing equipment. In this regard, the author has developed and proposed a methodology for determining the single-piece price sale of eggs of different categories, which makes it possible to increase the income of an enterprise as compared to selling eggs by weight. According to the new methodology the selling price of the first category eggs is taken as a basis for assessing the selling price of eggs of other categories. This value is multiplied by the coefficients for the corresponding categories, which are calculated by dividing the new price of eggs of each category by the new price of eggs of the first category. These coefficients should be developed for each specific cross, taking into account the duration of the productive seasons and the conditions of the farms.

Influence of external conditions on the manifestation of the average number of tubers in the bush among interspecifics hybrids of potatoes, their backcrosses

The ability to form a large number of tubers in the nest positively affects the productivity of hybrids and potato varieties. However, the expression of the trait is subject to a significant influence of external conditions, depending on the rate of response of the genotype. Studies on the assessment of the varying complexity of interspecific hybrids, their backcrosses in the ability to tie tubers were carried out during 2015‒2017 in three places: the experimental field of the Sumy National Agrarian University (hereinafter SNAU), the Ustimov Experimental Plant of the V. Y. Yuryev Institute of Plant Production of the NAAS of Ukraine (UES ), as well as the Institute of Potato Production of the NAAS of Ukraine (IR). The source material used 26 complex interspecific hybrids, their backcrosses. Varieties standards was Yavir and Grouse. The technique is generally accepted in the study with potatoes. The locations and years of the experiment varied significantly in meteorological conditions. SNAU alone had more rain in 2016 than in many years. In the UES, this applied to 2015 and 2016, and in the IR all the years there was a significant deficit in the supply of moisture with rains. Under the conditions of SNAU, only three decades from 12 in 2015, the air temperature was below the long-term average. In subsequent years there were five. In UES, this, respectively, amounted to 5, 7 and 7 decades. In IK, in all months, the air temperature was above the long-term average; in May 2015 and August 2015 and 2017, the difference exceeded 50 °C. The high potential of the studied samples was determined by the ability to tie tubers. In some hybrids, under optimal conditions, their average number in the nest exceeded 20 pcs. A particularly positive effect on the formation of tubers was revealed in 2016 in the IR, when some of them with the maximum manifestation of the trait amounted to 32.1 %. To a lesser extent, the foregoing related to a part of the material with the number of tubers in the nest of 10 pieces and more ‒ 8.4 %. In all places throughout all years hybrids with the best tuber-forming ability were distinguished than the variety-standard Teterev. In general, some of these hybrids amounted to 0.4‒7.7 %. The distribution data of the manifestation of the trait among hybrids depending on the place and years of testing indicate that in 2015 and 2016 with a tuber/nest of 8.1–10.0 tubers/nest, and 6.1–8.0 in the latter, the modal class in SNAU. Very unfavorable conditions for tying tubers were identified in 2016 under the conditions of UES. More than half of the test material is assigned to class 4 tuber/nest and less. In the other two years, the modal class was 6.1‒8.0 tuber/nest. In all years, under conditions of infrared hybrids there was no hybrids with a minimum value of the indicator, and the modal classes were, respectively, 8.1‒10.0; more than 12.0 and 6.1‒8, as well as 8.1‒10.0.

Peculiarities of chromosomal variability in cultured tissues of Deschampsia antarctica Desv. plants with different chromosome numbers

Aim. To clarify the details of chromosome variation in calli derived from D. antarctica plants in the initial passages of the culture in vitro. Methods. Induction of callus from root explants of plants, which were grown from seeds, and consequent subcultivation of tissue culture. Cytogenetic analysis of squashed slides stained by acetic-orcein and counting the number of chromosomes in mitotic metaphase plates. Results. There were analyzed the cultured tissues derived from D. antarctica plants with different chromosome numbers: diploid plants (2n=26), mixoploid plant with B-chromosomes (2n=26+1-3B), and mixoploid plant with near-triploid modal class (2n=36, 38). Analysis of callus tissues of all plants at 2-4 passages revealed mixoploidy, presence of polyploid and aneuploid cells. The modal class in all studied calli was composed of diploid and aneuploid cells with near-diploid chromosome number. The cytogenetic structure of cell population of cultured tissues was found to vary with characteristics of the karyotype of donor plant. The largest range of variation in the number of chromosomes (from 18 to 63 chromosomes) was found in tissue culture of diploid plant (2n=26) from the Galindez Island, and the highest frequencies of polyploid (47 %) and aneuploid cells were in the culture of mixoploid plant with near-triploid modal class from the Big Yalour Island. Conclusions. In different D. antarctica cultured tissues at the early stages of the culture, the modal class was composed of diploid cells and cells with near-diploid chromosome number irrespective of karyotype of donor plant (diploid, mixoploid poliploid).Key words: Deschampsia antarctica Desv., plant tissue culture, chromosomal variability in vitro, mixoploidy.

Genetic Basis for Productivity in Anthurium andraeanum Hort.

Anthurium andraeanum Hort. is an important tropical ornamental crop regarded as second only to orchids in its commercial importance. The genetic basis for productivity in anthurium was studied using parent–offspring regression analysis. Sixteen parental genotypes (4 years old) and 14 biparental progeny families (60 plants each, 4 years old) derived from the parents were used in the study. Yield expressed as number of cut flowers per plant per year (CFPY) was significant both between parental genotypes (P < 0.001) and between progeny families (P < 0.05). Mean CFPY of the parent genotypes was normally distributed and ranged from 4.8 in ‘Local Mina Red’ to 9.8 in ‘Kalapana’ with a mean of 7.5. CFPY in Year 1 was strongly correlated to that in Year 2 (Pearson’s r = 0.96; Spearman’s r = 0.93) and the broad sense heritability (H2) was high (87.6%) under controlled shadehouse conditions. CFPY in the progeny families varied from four to 14 with progeny means ranging from 5.7 in ‘Honduras/Local Mina Red’ to 7.2 in ‘Mirjam/Kalapana’. Progeny of seven and 10 crosses possessed mean CFPY greater than that of the more productive parent and the midparent values, respectively. The frequency distribution for productivity of the 840 progeny plants was skewed to the right with a modal class of six to seven. The correlation coefficient between progeny CFPY and midparent CFPY was large and significant (r = 0.90, P < 0.001). The regression of mean progeny CFPY on mean midparental CFPY was strong (y = 0.51x + 2.56; R2 = 0.81) with an estimated narrow sense heritability (h2) of 51.0%. A breeding strategy for improving per plant productivity based on the results is discussed.

A Novel Noise-removal Technique for Document Images

For developing a high quality Optical Character Recognition (OCR) system removal of noise from the document image is an utmost important step. To make this possible, filtering plays a significant role. Although mean and median filters, the two well-known statistical filtering techniques, are used commonly but sometimes these filters may fail to produce noise-free images or sometimes may introduce distortions on the characters in the form of gulfs or capes. In the work reported here, we have developed a new filtering technique, called Middle of Modal Class (MMC), for smoothing the input images. This filtering technique is applicable for both the noisy and noise free text document image at the same time. We have also compared our results with mean and median filters, and have achieved better result.

A new genus of Sabellidae (Annelida, Polychaeta) from Antarctica, with discussion of relationships among plesiomorphic genera within Sabellinae

A new genus of Sabellidae (Annelida, Polychaeta), collected in the soft bottoms off the Antarctic Peninsula (Antarctica) in January 2006 is described. The new genus Euchoneira is included in the most plesiomorphic area in the sub-family Sabellinae. Similar to the genus Euchone, this new taxon presents a well developed anal depression with lateral wings, but the shape of abdominal uncini resembles that of Jasmineira. The new species Euchoneira knoxi gen. sp. nov., very abundant in the investigated area, is a gonochoric form (sex-ratio close 1:1). Females contained eggs ranging from 100 to 250 µm in diameter (modal class 175 µm) either in the abdomen or thorax. Males with mature sperm had spermatozoa with a characteristic cylindrical shape of the nucleus with a pointed, “nip-like” acrosome, a morphology similar to that already observed in Euchone pallida Ehlers, 1908, a second species collected together with the new taxon and already known for the Antarctic area. Additions to the description of E. pallida concerning internal structure of the crown, is also given. To define the relationships between the newly described genus and the genera present in the plesiomorphic area of the Sabellinae subfamily, a cladistic analysis was performed utilizing a previous data set after adding the new taxon. The consensus tree confirmed Amphicorina armandi (Claparéde, 1868) as the most plesiomorphic taxon separated from all the others. The new genus is located in an intermediate position between Jasmineira - Claviramus and the clade containing Chone and Euchone species, close to Fabrisabella vasculosa.