Effects of Different Hormone Concentrations on Callus Induction of Astragalus mongholicus Bunge

A method of callus induction and subculture of Astragalus mongholicus was established. Different methods were used to sterilize seeds to induce sterile seedlings. The different parts of plants and Astragalus aseptic seedlings were used for the explants, different concentrations of auxin NAA and Cytokinin BAP were used in MS medium to induce callus, and then the callus with better growth condition was selected for secondary culture. Results showed that the browning phenomenon in the secondary culture was inhibited and the best disinfectant was mercuric chloride. The germination rate of seeds treated with 75% ethanol for 40 s, 1.5% NaCl for 20 minutes, and 0.1% HgCl2 for 3 minutes can reach up to 66.2%. The hypocotyls of sterile seedlings as explants were the best way to induce callus. The induction rate was close to 100% when 0.5 mg/L BAP and 0.15 mg/L of NAA and 0.01 mg/L of nano-TiO2 were added to MS medium. Besides, Nano-TiO2 can effectively prevent bacterial contamination of MS medium. Cotyledons, induced by cotyledon as explants, showed the most severe browning. Therefore, the best hormone combination of Astragalus subculture was 1.0 mg/L BAP, 1.5 mg/L NAA and 0.01 mg/L nano-TiO2 .

PRESERVATION OF LANGUAGE AND PRINCIPLES OF LOCAL CULTURE BASED MULTICULTURAL EDUCATION IN INDONESIA

In the Orde Baru’s period, we have been directed to uniformity in many ways. Indonesia, a diverse cultural country was only directed to uniformity that would shape national culture, including Indonesian.Local diversities were just a complement, an addition to the main culture, so it was out of favor and only considered as a secondary culture. Moreover, the early '90s echoes of globalization began to enter into the soul of Indonesian society. Because ofthat, some communities in Indonesia were eroded in sense of nationalism that destabilize the use of Indonesian and glorifies all which came from abroad, including foreign languages. Whereas local culture is very important in the education of multiculturalism,it should be considered in a multicultural-region like ours, Indonesia. The reason is with the locality they can see themselves and also be able to see everyone else.Decentralization of culture including the use of regional languages will not only grow the local culture but also will raise the creativity and resilience of this nation from the onslaught of globalization.

Epiregulin can effectively mature isolated cumulus–oocyte complexes, but fails as a substitute for the hCG/epidermal growth factor stimulus on cultured follicles

Epiregulin mediates LH ovulatory effectsin vitro. This study evaluated the use of epiregulin as an alternative to hCG/epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulus upon cultured ovarian follicles in contrast to isolated cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs). Pre-antral mouse ovarian follicles were cultured for 12 days and final maturation was induced by administration of 0.65 nM EGF or 100 nM epiregulin without or with 1.2 IU/ml hCG. Results showed that both EGF or epiregulin as sole stimulators are poor inducers of mucification/expansion of cumulus cells and oocyte meiotic reinitiation in follicle-enclosed COCs (25±17 and 22±16% GVBD respectively; versus 97±4 and 90±15% GVBD by control hCG/EGF and hCG/epiregulin respectively; mean±s.d). Furthermore, EGF or epiregulin did not induce follicle luteinisation: progesterone production was marginally increased and oestradiol was incompletely shut down. Supposing that the sub-normal progesterone secretion was a potential cause for incomplete meiosis in this model, effectiveness of progesterone supplementation and addition of a progesterone receptor inhibitor (RU486) were evaluated on meiotic resumption. Progesterone was not found to be a major regulator of meiosis in this mouse model. Epiregulin induced meiosis more effectively in COCs isolated from cultured preovulatory follicles in a secondary culture well. In conclusion, epiregulin has similar effects as EGF upon fully grown follicles. Used as a sole stimulator of periovulatory events in intact cultured follicles, both are poor inducers of follicle luteinisation and oocyte maturation. By contrast, epiregulin is as efficient as hCG/EGF, when used as meiotic stimulator for COCs isolated from the follicular environment (mural granulosa and theca cells; and conditioned medium).

Effect of Different Concentrations of Growth Regulators on Gardenia jasminoides cv. Veitchii Micropropagation by Tissue Culture Technique

Micropropagation techniques were set up for Gardenia jasminoides c.v. veitchi. Many plantlets were obtained by culturing shoot cuttings in MS nutrient media, 30 g/L Sucrose, 7 g/L Agar Agar, and different concentrations of BAP and IAA. The best concentration was 1mg /L BAP with 0.5 mg/L IAA. This concentration gave the best sprout growth suitable for rooting in primary and secondary culture by reculturing the stuck cutting every 6 weeks and for many times. We also obtained a high rooting percentage up to 98 % of natural rooting in rooting media different from propagation media by reducing mineral salt concentration to half, Sucrose to 20gm/L, and 2gm/L active charcoal, and 1mg/L IAA. Plantlets were transferred to greenhous and subjected for hardening. This technique gave 22 plantlets from one cutting in one year.