X-chromatin in congenital virilizing adrenal hyperplasia

X-chromatin body (XCB) frequencies in oral mucosa were investigated in 14 female patients with the simple non-salt-losing form of congenital virilizing adrenal hyperplasia (CVAH) due to 'partial' 21-hydroxylase deficiency (CVAH-type I), using toluidine blue (TBS) and Feulgen's stains (FS). They were found to be lower than normal controls by both TBS (12.6 ± 1.73 vs 18.38 ± 0.41) and FS (13.60 ± 2.16 vs 17.94 ± 0.76) methods. After 4–5 weeks on glucocorticoid therapy, XCB frequencies overlapped with those of normal controls using both TBS (16.54 ± 1.76) and FS (17.09 ± 1.98). Karyotypes performed in 8 of the 14 cases showed a normal female pattern. Two possible interpretations are proposed: First, variations of XCB counts may reflect the average nuclear size of the cell populations studied. Second, high androgen levels found in untreated cases with CVAH-type I might lead to partial chromosome depiralization and increasing euchromatic areas. At present the first possibility appears more likely.

Identification of T lymphocytes in human mixed hemopoietic colonies

The addition of a T-cell growth-promoting medium (PHA-TCM) to culture conditions that support growth of multi-lineage hemopoietic colonies enhances the proliferation of cells with lymphoid morphology within these colonies. These cells were identified as T lymphocytes by their ability to form rosettes with SRBC and their reaction with monoclonal antibodies (OKT3, OKT4) directed against T-cell-specific surface components. They continue to proliferate extensively under the influence of PHA-TCM after transfer of mixed colonies into liquid suspension culture. Supportive evidence for a common progenitor of myeloid and lymphoid cells within single mixed colonies is provided by Y-chromatin body analysis of E-rosette positive and negative cells in colonies grown in cocultures of male and female bone marrow cells.

Identification of T lymphocytes in human mixed hemopoietic colonies

The addition of a T-cell growth-promoting medium (PHA-TCM) to culture conditions that support growth of multi-lineage hemopoietic colonies enhances the proliferation of cells with lymphoid morphology within these colonies. These cells were identified as T lymphocytes by their ability to form rosettes with SRBC and their reaction with monoclonal antibodies (OKT3, OKT4) directed against T-cell-specific surface components. They continue to proliferate extensively under the influence of PHA-TCM after transfer of mixed colonies into liquid suspension culture. Supportive evidence for a common progenitor of myeloid and lymphoid cells within single mixed colonies is provided by Y-chromatin body analysis of E-rosette positive and negative cells in colonies grown in cocultures of male and female bone marrow cells.

Three-dimensional reconstruction of the chromatin bodies in the nuclei of mature erythrocytes from the newt Triturus cristatus: the number of nuclear envelope-attachment sites

The arrangement of the chromatin bodies in the interphase nuclei of 6 erythrocytes has been investigated by means of 3-dimensional reconstruction from electron micrographs of serial sections. When the borders of chromatin bodies are marked on the surface of each model, discrete areas of chromatin in contact with the nuclear envelope are revealed. The number of these areas in approximately equal to the number of chromosomes in the diploid set. The data suggest that each chromatin body corresponds to a condensed interphase chromosome and that each chromosome is attached to one discrete site on the nuclear envelope. The data are insufficient to show whether or not the condensed chromosomes are arranged in any orderly pattern in these nuclei.

Sex chromatin in avian species

A comparison of nuclear chromatin bodies in squash preparations of interphase cell nuclei of white Chinese geese (Cygnopsis cygnoid), domestic ducks (Anas platyrynchos var. domestica), and domestic chicken (Gallus domesticus) with those of ferret (Putorius furo) embryonic cells from skin, gastrointestinal muscularis, kidney, and spinal cord was made using buffered thionin staining method. No definite planoconvex chromatin mass was detectable in avian female or male cell nuclei in any of the four tissues, whereas in mammalian tissue (ferret) used as controls the nuclei from female embryonic cells consistently showed a preponderance of typical sex chromatin bodies.The autoradiographic studies on 3H-thymidine labeled interphase nuclei of geese fibroblast culture cells revealed no definite or dense localization of label on any particular chromatin body in either females or males. It is therefore suggested that avian somatic cells can not be sexed using sex chromatin body as a criterion.

Evidentiation of the Male Chromatin Body in Human Peripheral Blood Leukocytes — A Quick Method for the Identification of Genetic Sex

SummaryA survey has been carried out (using Quinacrine stain) on the frequency and position of an intensely fluorescent body (F-body) in the nuclei of leukocytes from peripheral blood smears in normal individuals and in the main syndromes from numerical alteration of sexual chromosomes.