Sex chromatin in avian species

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 619-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. Bhatnagar
Keyword(s):  
Staining Method ◽  
Nuclear Chromatin ◽  
Embryonic Cells ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
Interphase Nuclei ◽  
Domestic Ducks ◽  
Interphase Cell ◽  
Culture Cells ◽  
Sex Chromatin ◽  
Chromatin Body

A comparison of nuclear chromatin bodies in squash preparations of interphase cell nuclei of white Chinese geese (Cygnopsis cygnoid), domestic ducks (Anas platyrynchos var. domestica), and domestic chicken (Gallus domesticus) with those of ferret (Putorius furo) embryonic cells from skin, gastrointestinal muscularis, kidney, and spinal cord was made using buffered thionin staining method. No definite planoconvex chromatin mass was detectable in avian female or male cell nuclei in any of the four tissues, whereas in mammalian tissue (ferret) used as controls the nuclei from female embryonic cells consistently showed a preponderance of typical sex chromatin bodies.The autoradiographic studies on 3H-thymidine labeled interphase nuclei of geese fibroblast culture cells revealed no definite or dense localization of label on any particular chromatin body in either females or males. It is therefore suggested that avian somatic cells can not be sexed using sex chromatin body as a criterion.

Fluorescent Staining of the Male Chromatin Body in Interphase Human Nuclei

1971 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giacomo Moscetti ◽  
Franca Mastroianni
Keyword(s):  
Staining Method ◽  
Fluorescent Staining ◽  
Fluorescence Staining ◽  
Interphase Nuclei ◽  
Chromatin Body

SummaryA fluorescence staining method of the male chromatin body in human interphase nuclei is described.

scholarly journals Mitotic chromatin condensation in vitro using somatic cell extracts and nuclei with variable levels of endogenous topoisomerase II.

1990 ◽  
Vol 111 (6) ◽  
pp. 2839-2850 ◽  
Author(s):  
E R Wood ◽  
W C Earnshaw
Keyword(s):  
Topoisomerase Ii ◽  
Condensation Reaction ◽  
Chromatin Condensation ◽  
Condensation Process ◽  
Interphase Nuclei ◽  
Culture Cells ◽  
Cell Extracts ◽  
Topo Ii ◽  
Species Specific

We report the development of a new method for producing mitotic extracts from tissue culture cells. These extracts reproducibly promote the condensation of chromatin in vitro when incubated with purified interphase nuclei. This condensation reaction is not species specific, since nuclei from chicken, human, and hamster cell lines all undergo chromatin condensation upon incubation with the extract. We have used this extract to investigate the role of DNA topoisomerase II (topo II) in the chromosome condensation process. Chromatin condensation does not require the presence of soluble topo II in the mitotic extract. However, the extent of formation of discrete chromosome-like structures correlates with the level of endogenous topo II present in the interphase nuclei. Our results further suggest that chromatin condensation in this extract may involve two processes: chromatin compaction and resolution into discrete chromosomes.

Different distributions of homologous chromosomes in adult human Sertoli cells and in lymphocytes signify nuclear differentiation

1996 ◽  
Vol 109 (4) ◽  
pp. 773-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.C. Chandley ◽  
R.M. Speed ◽  
A.R. Leitch
Keyword(s):  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Fish Analysis ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
Interphase Nuclei ◽  
Homologous Chromosomes ◽  
Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Painting Probes ◽  
Whole Chromosome Painting

Using whole chromosome painting probes for human chromosomes 3,7,8,13,17 and 21 and X and the probe pHY2.1 for the Y chromosome coupled with fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis, the distribution of chromosomes is reported in nuclei of Sertoli cells of the adult testis and in stimulated blood lymphocytes. The distribution of chromosomes in the two cell types is significantly different. A strong tendency for each pair of homologues to pair is inferred from the observation of only a single detectable signal in the majority of Sertoli cell nuclei. The sex chromosomes, by contrast, give two clearly separated signals. Interphase nuclei in dividing blood lymphocytes, analysed as controls, also show mainly two separated signals for all non-acrocentric autosomal pairs, but acrocentric pairs no. 13 and 21 show some tendency to associate, probably reflecting satellite association.

Three-dimensional reconstruction of the chromatin bodies in the nuclei of mature erythrocytes from the newt Triturus cristatus: the number of nuclear envelope-attachment sites

1979 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-66
Author(s):  
A.B. Murray ◽  
H.G. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Envelope ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Interphase Nuclei ◽  
Interphase Chromosome ◽  
Triturus Cristatus ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Attachment Sites ◽  
Chromatin Body ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Discrete Site

The arrangement of the chromatin bodies in the interphase nuclei of 6 erythrocytes has been investigated by means of 3-dimensional reconstruction from electron micrographs of serial sections. When the borders of chromatin bodies are marked on the surface of each model, discrete areas of chromatin in contact with the nuclear envelope are revealed. The number of these areas in approximately equal to the number of chromosomes in the diploid set. The data suggest that each chromatin body corresponds to a condensed interphase chromosome and that each chromosome is attached to one discrete site on the nuclear envelope. The data are insufficient to show whether or not the condensed chromosomes are arranged in any orderly pattern in these nuclei.

scholarly journals Detection of 11q13 rearrangements in hematologic neoplasias by double- color fluorescence in situ hybridization

Blood ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 1512-1519 ◽  
Author(s):  
LJ Coignet ◽  
E Schuuring ◽  
RE Kibbelaar ◽  
TK Raap ◽  
KK Kleiverda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Hematologic Malignancies ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
Interphase Cell ◽  
Interphase Cells ◽  
Chromosomal Breaks

Rearrangements within the chromosome 11q13 region are frequent in hematologic malignancies. 50% of 75% of mantle cell lymphomas (MCLs) carry a translocation t(11;14) (q13;q32). Using Southern blot analysis, a BCL1 breakpoint can be detected in approximately 50% of MCLs. It is not known whether other MCLs harbor also breakpoints at 11q13. Breakpoints in this region not involved in t(11;14), are detected in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia. To detect and localize breakpoints at 11q13 more accurately, we have developed fluorescence in situ hybridization using two probe sets of differently labeled cosmids, symmetrically localized at either side of the major translocation cluster of BCL1. These probes span a region of 450 to 750 kb. We applied this assay to a series of hematologic malignancies with 11q13 abnormalities identified by classical cytogenetics. All four samples with a t(11;14) (q13;q32) showed dissociation of the differently colored signals in metaphase and interphase cells, thereby indicating a chromosomal break in the region defined by the probe sets. The frequency of abnormal metaphase and interphase cells was comparable with that observed in any of the 13 malignancies with other chromosomal 11q13 abnormalities, indicating that these chromosomal breaks occurred outside the 450- to 750-kb region covered by the probes. One patient showed triplication and one patient showed monoallelic loss of this region. The current data show that double-color fluorescence in situ hybridization is a simple and reliable method for detection of the t(11;14)(q13;q32) in interphase cell nuclei and that is can be used to distinguish this translocation from other 11q13 rearrangements in hematologic malignancies.

Changes in the human nuclear chromatin induced by ultra wideband pulse irradiation

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuriy Shckorbatov ◽  
Vladimir Pasiuga ◽  
Nicolai Kolchigin ◽  
Dmitry Batrakov ◽  
Oleg Kazansky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irradiation Dose ◽  
Short Pulse ◽  
Ultra Wideband ◽  
Nuclear Chromatin ◽  
Pulse Radiation ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
Irradiation Effects ◽  
Granule Formation ◽  
Irradiation Intensity ◽  
Ultra Short Pulse

AbstractThe effects of ultra wideband pulse radiation on human cells were investigated. The density of the flow of energy on the surface of irradiated object varied from 10−6 to 10−2 W/cm2 with exposure of 10 s. It was shown that heterochromatin granule quantity in cell nuclei increased under the influence of radiation from 10−4 to 10−2 W/cm2. In some intervals the effect increased with irradiation dose. At irradiation intensity 10−3 W/cm2 the process of heterochromatin granule formation was fully reversible after 2 h of recovery; at intensity 10−2 W/cm2 the reversion of irradiation effects was not full. The data obtained indicated the strong biological activity of ultra wideband ultra short pulse radiation.

scholarly journals Distribution of ABL and BCR Genes in Cell Nuclei of Normal and Irradiated Lymphocytes

Blood ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 89 (12) ◽  
pp. 4537-4545 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kozubek ◽  
E. Lukášová ◽  
L. Rýznar ◽  
M. Kozubek ◽  
A. Lišková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromatin Structure ◽  
Human Fibroblasts ◽  
Physical Distance ◽  
Gene Arrangement ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
Interphase Nuclei ◽  
Γ Radiation ◽  
Shortest Distance ◽  
G0 Phase

Abstract Using dual-color fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) combined with two-dimensional (2D) image analysis, the locations of ABL and BCR genes in cell nuclei were studied. The center of nucleus-to-gene and mutual distances of ABL and BCR genes in interphase nuclei of nonstimulated and stimulated lymphocytes as well as in lymphocytes stimulated after irradiation were determined. We found that, after stimulation, the ABL and BCR genes move towards the membrane, their mutual distances increase, and the shortest distance between heterologous ABL and BCR genes increases. The distribution of the shortest distances between ABL and BCR genes in the G0 phase of lymphocytes corresponds to the theoretical distribution calculated by the Monte-Carlo simulation. Interestingly, the shortest ABL-BCR distances in G1 and S(G2 ) nuclei are greater in experiment as compared with theory. This result suggests the existence of a certain regularity in the gene arrangement in the G1 and S(G2 ) nuclei that keeps ABL and BCR genes at longer than random distances. On the other hand, in about 2% to 8% of lymphocytes, the ABL and BCR genes are very close to each other (the distance is less than ∼0.2 to 0.3 μm). For comparison, we studied another pair of genes, c-MYC and IgH, that are critical for the induction of t(8; 14) translocation that occurs in the Burkitt's lymphoma. We found that in about 8% of lymphocytes, c-MYC and IgH are very close to each other. Similar results were obtained for human fibroblasts. γ-Radiation leads to substantial changes in the chromatin structure of stimulated lymphocytes: ABL and BCR genes are shifted to the nuclear center, and mutual ABL-BCR distances become much shorter in the G1 and S(G2 ) nuclei. Therefore, we hypothesize that the changes of chromatin structure in the irradiated lymphocytes might increase the probability of a translocation during G1 and S(G2 ) stages of the cell cycle. The fact that the genes involved in the t(8; 14) translocation are also located close together in a certain fraction of cells substantiates the hypothesis that physical distance plays an important role in the processes leading to the translocations that are responsible for oncogenic transformation of cells.

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