Verbalization of the Biotechnology Concept in the Terminological System of the English Language

Introduction. The article is devoted to the consideration of lexical units that verbalize the BIOTECHNOLOGY concept in English. The relevance of the study lies in the need to specify the data on the verbalization of the BIOTECHNOLOGY concept by means of the English language, as consideration of the specifics of verbalization of this concept has not been given sufficient attention. The purpose of the article is determining the features of verbalization of the concept of BIOTECHNOLOGY / BIOTECHNOLOGY in the terminological system of the English language. Materials and methods of research. The material for the study was dictionary articles from English-language specialized, philological dictionaries and encyclopedic reference books. The methods of our study are definition, conceptual and frame analyzes. Results of the research. The significance of the "concept" as a basic concept of cognitive linguistics is revealed, the scientific concept is considered, which is the most important means of formation and development of a certain scientific branch. The main function of the scientific concept is the representation of the most relevant for science or scientific paradigm knowledge, experience, meanings, associations and scientific concepts. The evolution of the concept of "biotechnology" is considered. In order to establish the main verbalizers of the concept of BIOTECHNOLOGY in English, the dictionary articles of explanatory and encyclopedic dictionaries were used. At present, there are many interpretations of the concept of "biotechnology", but in general they all come down to one thing: in the traditional sense, biotechnology is an interdisciplinary field that emerged at the intersection of biological, chemical and technical sciences; is the use of living organisms and biological processes in industrial production. Understanding the concept of biotechnology as a "set of methods and techniques for obtaining useful products and phenomena with the help of biological agents" gives grounds to distinguish the following frames of the concept of BIOTECHNOLOGY: biological object, raw material, biotechnological product, technologies, processes and devices. Verbalization of selected frames takes place at the lexical and grammatical levels in the terminological system of the English language. Сonclusions. Thus, the scientific concept of BIOTECHNOLOGY / BIOTECHNOLOGY is the most important means of forming and developing the biotechnological scientific field. The researched concept consists of the following frames: biological object, raw materials, biotechnological product, technologies, processes and devices. Verbalization of selected frames takes place at the lexical and grammatical levels in the terminological system of the English language. Lexical verbalization of the concept BIOTECHNOLOGY involves the use of lexical units that nominate selected frames. At the grammatical level, the verbalization of the BIOTECHNOLOGY occurs through the use of terms of different structure: simple, complex and multicomponent.

Estudo Químico e Antimicrobiano dos Extratos de Sementes e Folhas do Cumaru, Dipteryx odorata (Fabaceae)

O cumaru (Dipteryx odorata (Aubl.) é uma leguminosa da família Fabaceae, suas sementes são muito utilizadas na extração do óleo, o qual é bastante utilizado pela medicina popular como antiespasmódico, tônico, anti-inflamatório, reumatismos e antimicrobiano. A cumarina está presente na semente e também em toda a extensão da planta. O objetivo deste trabalho foi obter o óleo da semente e o extrato de folhas, realizar ensaios biológicos com o extrato e elaboração de um produto biotecnológico. O estudo foi realizado no laboratório de Química Orgânica da Universidade Federal do Amazonas, no qual as sementes foram coletadas, maceradas, para extração do óleo, em seguida, se realizou análise por cromatografia de camada delgada (CCD) do óleo da semente. As folhas foram maceradas, e preparadas as exsicatas, utilizou-se o óleo na produção do produto e para os ensaios biológicos frente às bactérias: Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae. Os resultados obtidos da extração das sementes foram o óleo e os cristais brancos em forma de agulha. Após análises cromatográficas (CCD) do extrato das folhas foi possível observar a presença de cumarina. O ensaio biológico com os cristais frente às bactérias S. aureus, E. coli, K. Pneumoniae apresentou halo de inibição. Assim, o óleo e a cumarina presentes na semente podem atuar como antibacteriano natural para o tratamento de várias doenças infecciosas causadas pela bactéria S. aureus. Foi possível formular um creme hidratante incorporando o óleo obtido da semente. Palavras-chave: Extração do Óleo. Cumarina. Produto Biotecnológico. Abstract Coumaru (Dipteryx odorata (Aubl.) is a legume of the Fabaceae family, its seeds are widely used in oil extraction, which is widely used by folk medicine as an antispasmodic, tonic, anti-inflammatory, rheumatism and antimicrobial. Coumarin is present in the seed and also in the entire length of the plant. The objective of this work was to obtain the seed oil or the leaf extract, to perform biological tests with the extract and to elaborate a biotechnological product. The study was carried out in the Organic Chemistry laboratory, where the seeds were collected, macerated, for oil extraction, then a CCD analysis of the seed oil was carried out, the leaves were macerated, and the exsiccates were prepared, the oil was used in the product production and for biological tests against bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae. The results obtained from the seeds extraction were oil and white crystals. After a chromatographic analysis (CCD) of the leaf extract, it was possible to observe the presence of coumarin. The biological assay with the crystals against the bacteria S. aureus, E. coli, K. Pneumoniae showed an inhibition halo. Thus, the oil and coumarin present in the seed can act as a natural antibacterial for the treatment of various infectious diseases caused by the bacteria S. aureus. It was possible to formulate a moisturizing cream incorporating the oil obtained from the seed. Keywords: Cumaru Oil Extraction. Coumarin. Biotechnological Product.

Corporate Agriculture and the Exploitation of Life in Portal 2

This article examines the agricultural dimensions of Portal 2 and two of its key paratexts, arguing that the game’s potato motif functions as a satire of industrial agricultural practice, dramatizing both the vastness of corporate power and the plight of its silenced victims. I argue for an understanding of the potato as a biotechnological product, drawing from a range of contemporary and historical texts to establish its role in a long history of exploitation and social inequality. These aspects enable the game’s establishment of a cohesive narrative in which potato science originates Aperture Science’s ascent and growing corruption, in a trajectory that culminates in its brutal exploitation of human test subjects. The game also celebrates rebellion against that corruption through the dynamics of gameplay and the development of its main character as a rival biological power.

Evaluation of pancreatin stability through enzyme activity determination

Pancreatin is a biotechnological product containing an enzyme complex, obtained from porcine pancreas, that is employed in treating pancreatic diseases. Experiments regarding the stability of the pharmaceutical formulation containing pancreatin were performed using standard binary mixtures with 6 excipients in a 1:1 ratio (m/m) and a commercial formulation. To accomplish these goals, samples were stored for 1, 3 and 6 months at 40 ± 1 °C and 75 ± 5 % relative humidity (RH) and 40 ± 1 °C and 0 % RH. Stress testing was also performed. All samples were analyzed to evaluate the α-amylase, lipase and protease activities through UV/Vis spectrophotometry. The results revealed that the excipient proprieties and the storage conditions affected enzyme stability. Humidity was a strong influencing factor in the reduction of α-amylase and protease activities. Stress testing indicated that pH 9.0 and UV light did not induce substantial alterations in enzyme activity.