Efficacy and safety of Chinese herbal medicine Wen Xin granules for the treatment of unstable angina pectoris with Yang deficiency and blood stasis syndrome: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Introduction Unstable angina pectoris (UAP) is the common type of coronary heart disease with the risk of developing into acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Currently, there are still numerous patients suffering from recurrent angina after revascularization or conventional medication due to the microvascular lesions, endothelial dysfunction, chronic inflammation, in-stent restenosis, and other factors. As an important part of China’s medical and health care system, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has rich clinical experience in the treatment of UAP. According to the theory of TCM, Yang deficiency and blood stasis syndrome is a common type of UAP. Wen Xin decoction, as a type of Chinese herbal medicine, has been used in the clinic for years and shown great efficacy in the treatment of UAP with Yang deficiency and blood stasis syndrome. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Wen Xin granular in patients with UAP. Methods and analysis This is a double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. A total of 502 participants will be randomly allocated to the intervention group and the placebo group. Based on conventional medication, the intervention group will be treated with Wen Xin granular and the placebo group will be treated with Wen Xin granular placebo. The primary outcomes are major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). Assessments will be performed 1 year after the treatment. The secondary outcomes include TCM symptom scale score, Seattle angina questionnaire, and thromboelastography. Assessments will be performed at baseline (before randomization) and 4 and 8 weeks after randomization. Discussion This trial will provide high-quality data on the benefits and risks of Wen Xin granular in patients with UAP. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.govNCT04661709. Registered on 30 November 2020

Use of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Its Impact on Medical Cost among Urban Ischemic Stroke Inpatients in China: A National Cross-Sectional Study

Background. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has long been widely adopted by the Chinese people and has been covered by China’s basic medical insurance schemes to treat ischemic stroke. Previous research has mainly highlighted the therapy effect of TCM on ischemic stroke patients. Some studies have demonstrated that employing TCM can reduce the medical burden on other diseases. But no research has explored whether using TCM could reduce inpatient medical cost for ischemic stroke in mainland China. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of the use of TCM on the total inpatient cost of ischemic stroke and to explore whether TCM has played the role of being complementary to, or an alternative for, conventional medicine to treat ischemic stroke. Methods. We conducted a national cross-sectional analysis based on a 5% random sample from claims data of China Urban Employee Basic Medical Insurance (UEBMI) and Urban Resident Basic Medical Insurance (URBMI) schemes in 2015. Mann–Whitney test was used to compare unadjusted total inpatient cost, conventional medication cost, and nonpharmacy cost estimates. Ordinary least square regression analysis was performed to compare demographics-adjusted total inpatient cost and to examine the association between TCM cost and conventional medication cost. Results. A total of 47321 urban inpatients diagnosed with ischemic stroke were identified in our study, with 92.6% (43843) of the patients using TCM in their inpatient treatment. Total inpatient cost for TCM users was significantly higher than TCM nonusers (USD 1217 versus USD 1036, P < 0.001 ). Conventional medication cost was significantly lower for TCM users (USD 335 versus USD 436, P < 0.001 ). The average cost of TCM per patient among TCM users was USD 289. Among TCM users, conventional medication costs were found to be positively associated with TCM cost after adjusting for confounding factors (Coef. = 0.144, P < 0.001 ). Conclusion. Although the use of TCM reduced the cost of conventional medicine compared with TCM nonusers, TCM imposed an extra financial component on the total inpatient cost on TCM users. Our study suggests that TCM mainly played a complementary role to conventional medicine in ischemic stroke treatment in mainland China.

Review on Medicinal Properties of Jatropha gossypiifolia L.

Jatropha gossypiifolia L. broadly addressed as bellyache bush, refers to therapeutic plant utilized all through Asian countries. A few human and veterinary utilizations in conventional medication are portrayed for various specifics and arrangements dependent on aforementioned plant. This paper give a cutting-edge review of conventional uses, pharmacology, and toxicology of J. gossypiifolia species, taking into account examination of its therapeutic worth and potential application in integral and elective medication. Pharmacological examinations have exhibited noteworthy activity of various concentrates elements as anti-microbial, mitigating, anti-diarrheal, anti-hypertensive, and anti-cancerous specialists, among different, supporting a portion of famous employments. No clinical preliminary was distinguished to date. Moreover investigations are important to test significant society utilizations, just as to discover naive bioactive atoms with pharmacological pertinence dependent on the well-known cases. Toxicological investigations related with phytochemical examination are critical to comprehend the possible lethal impacts that could lessen its restorative worth. The current review gives bits of knowledge to future research focusing on both ethnopharmacological approval of its famous use and its investigation as another wellspring of home grown medications and additionally bioactive characteristic items.

Ethnotherapeutic Uses and Phytochemical Composition of Physalis peruviana L.: An Overview

Background. Plant-derived medicines are widespread and continue to increase in traditional and modern medicine, especially in developing countries. Physalis peruviana L. is among the most used plants in conventional medication worldwide. This review aimed to highlight the ethnotherapeutic uses and phytochemical status of identified compounds in P. peruviana. Methods. Data were collected from Google Scholar, PubMed/Medline, SciFinder, Science Direct, Scopus, the Wiley Online Library, Web of Science, and any other helpful search engine using Physalis peruviana as the primary keyword. Results. Some countries, worldwide, use P. peruviana in their traditional medicine system to manage diverse ailments, mainly diseases and gastrointestinal tract disorders (25.33%). Leaf was the mostly used part (49.28%), prepared by decoction (31.58%) and overall administrated orally (53.57%) as the main route of admission. Around 502 phytoconstituents were identified in different plant parts, especially fruit (38.19%) ethanol/ethyl acetate extract. In most cases (36.17%), the solvent of the extract was not specified. Several phytochemical classes were found in the plant, especially terpenes (26.09%) and phenolic compounds (14.94%). Esters were also abundant (11.55%). In the terpenes category, carotenoids were the most abundant (11.15% followed by monoterpenes (8.76%) and diterpenes (3.18%). However, flavonoids (5.17%) followed by cinnamic acid derivatives (3.99%), monophenolic compounds (1.79%), and phenolic acids (1.33 M) are the most reported phenolic compounds. Hexadecanoic acid (palmitic acid) was the most cited (five times). Conclusion. P. peruviana plays an essential role in managing diseases in some countries and is rich in chemical compounds, which need to be isolated and investigated pharmacologically before clinical trials.

Effects of Dingchuan Decoction on Lung Function and Clinical Effectiveness Rate in Children with Asthma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Dingchuan decoction (DCD) is a traditional Chinese prescription for asthma that remains popular today. To systematically evaluate the effect of DCD on lung function, clinical effectiveness rate, and safety in children with asthma, significant databases were searched for randomized controlled trials from their inception to September 9, 2019. Randomized controlled trials assessing the effect of DCD on lung function and clinical effectiveness rate in children with asthma were included in this meta-analysis. The methodological quality of the included trials was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. RevMan 5.3 was used for data analysis. Fourteen studies with 1,384 children were reviewed. FEV₁ improvement rate (mean difference [MD] 12.50, 95% confidence interval [CI] 8.72–16.29), PEF improvement rate (MD 14.28, 95% CI 11.08–17.49), and clinical effectiveness rate (relative risk 1.19, 95% CI 1.14–1.25) significantly increased in the DCD group when compared to simple conventional medication. Four trials suggest that DCD is safe for children. In conclusion, the use of DCD combined with conventional medication improves lung function and clinical effectiveness rate better than simple conventional medication. However, the selected trials lack blinding and large-scale studies. Therefore, to better manage DCD in clinical practice, more randomized controlled trials and large-scale studies are required for further evaluation.

Acupuncture-Related Therapies for Parkinson's Disease: A Meta-Analysis and Qualitative Review

Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the effects of the combination of acupuncture-related therapies with conventional medication compared with conventional medication in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD).Methods: A literature search within eight databases [including Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Library, PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Biology Medicine (CBM), VIP, and Wanfang Database] was performed covering a time frame from their inception to August 2020. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing acupuncture-related therapies combined with conventional medication vs. conventional medication in patients with PD were eligible. Two authors independently assessed the risk of bias. Assessments were performed with the total and subscales scores of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), 39-item Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39), the dosage of Madopar, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and 17-item Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD). Data were analyzed by adopting the Cochrane Collaboration's RevMan 5.4 (Review Man, Copenhagen, Denmark); and mean effect sizes and 95% confidence intervals were estimated. Tests for heterogeneity were used to assess differences in treatment effects across different types of acupuncture used.Results: Sixty-six trials met the inclusion criteria, of which 61 trials provided data for the meta-analysis. We defined high-quality articles as those with a low risk of bias in four or more domains; and only 10 (15.15%) articles were of high quality. Compared with the controls, acupuncture-related therapies with conventional medication achieved a benefit in the primary outcomes of UPDRS (motor subscore: −3.90, −4.33 to −3.49, P &lt; 0.01; total score: −7.37 points, −8.91 to −5.82, P &lt; 0.001; activities of daily living subscore: −3.96, −4.96 to −2.95, P &lt; 0.01). For the subgroup difference test among the effects of different acupuncture methods, significant differences existed in outcomes with the UPDRS-III, UPDRS-I, UPDRS-IV, and PDQ-39 scores and Madopar dosage, while non-significant differences existed with the UPDRS-total, UPDRS-II, HAMD, and MMSE scores.Conclusions: Acupuncture-related therapies combined with conventional medication may benefit individuals with PD. Our review findings should be considered with caution because of the methodological weaknesses in the included trials. Future, large randomized trials of acupuncture-related therapies for PD with high methodological quality are warranted.Systematic Review Registration: Identifier CRD42021228110.

THE EFFECT OF AVASIN THERAPY ON COGNITIVE, EXECUTIVE, AND ATTENTION FUNCTIONS IN ADHD CHILDREN: A CASE SERIES

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurobehavioral disorder that most commonly occurs in children. The number of ADHD events is getting more increase. Its handling takes a long time so that the use of Complementary Alternative Medicine (CAM) is increasingly in demand. CAM is used by 60-65% of parents with ADHD children to improve symptoms and reduce side effect of conventional medication. Avasin therapy is one the complementary treatments that we used to treat ADHD children.We conducted avasin therapy to 3 children with ADHD. Before and after avasin therapy, the three children were examined by Children's Color Trail Test to access cognitive nd function, BRIEF 2 to access executive function, as well asTOVA and QEEG Brain Mapping to assess attention function.The changes in values on Children's Color Trail Test, nd BRIEF 2 , TOVA, and QEEG Brain Mapping were obtained after a series of avasin therapy.

Effect of yoga and naturopathy on disease activity and symptom burdens in a patient with active ulcerative colitis: a case report

Objectives Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic idiopathic inflammatory disease that affects the large bowel. The objective of this study is to find the effect of yoga and naturopathy (YN) in a patient with active moderate pancolitis. Case presentation An 18-year old unmarried female diagnosed with UC in 2017. Patient’s symptoms began with abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea with/without blood stains more than seven times a day, daily. The symptoms reduced after taking regular conventional medication for a period of one-year. However, in February-2019, the patient visited our hospital with the same complaints and received 21-days of YN treatments. Results showed a better reduction in the abdominal pain, disease activity, stress and depression and a better improvement in hemoglobin levels, quality of sleep, and quality of life with no adverse effects. Conclusions YN could be considered as an alternative therapy in the management of UC. However, further studies are required to warrant this effect.

Alopecia types, current and future treatment

There are diverse types of alopecia and each call for a specific treatment. Regrettably there is no curative solution to the problem of alopecia as most drugs target its management. The purpose of the review is to explore the different types of alopecia and how each affect hair appearance and growth. The review begins by describing hair structure and hair physiological changes during life progression. A detailed description of conventional medication prescribed for alopecia and associated adverse effects are also pronounced in this review. Both approved (minoxidil and finasteride) and unapproved medications indicated for the condition are discussed to expose voids, which need to be filled by future drug development. The review also discusses the prospective future therapies of alopecia as directed by current research and technological advancement.

Screening and evaluation of Terminalia catappa and its compound application

Plant determined medications remains an important source, particularly in creating countries, to look at genuine sicknesses roughly 62-80% of the total populace although everything depends on conventional medication for the therapy of specific disease. Indeed, plants produce a various scope of bioactive atoms creation them an ironic wellspring of an alternate kind of drugs. There are hardly any reports and utilization of plants in conventional mending by either ancestral individuals or indigenous network. Rejuvenating plants are the wellspring of extraordinary monetary estimation of everywhere on over the world. Nature has the best word on us a rich plant riches, and an enormous number of assorted kinds of plants develop in various pieces of the nation. Homegrown medication is as yet a pillar of around 75 to 85% the entire populace and the significant aspect of the conventional therapy the utilization of the plant extricate and the dynamic constituents. Among the 7000 types of rejuvenating plants perceived everywhere on over the world in excess of 9000, valuable medicinal plants are found in India. Unfortunately, just not many of them are utilized for their therapeutic worth. Around 1500 plants systematically utilize the conventional arrangement of Indian medication. Notwithstanding, the ethanopharmacologist, microbiologist, botanist and common item physicist world over today, is continually still looking for therapeutic adequacy of the plants on the phytochemicals. Along these lines, the quest for the new phytochemical is the foremost significant important to research the primer phytochemical examination to Terminalia catappa and Syzygium jumbolanam.