APAMARGAKSHARA IN THE MANAGEMENT OF CERVICAL EROSION – A PHARMACOLOGICAL REVIEW

Cervical erosion happens when cells that line the inside of cervix grow on the outside of cervix. That means the squamous epithelium of the cervix is replaced by columnar epithelium. Nowadays it is very common among women in reproductive age. The women with cervical erosion complaints of vaginal discharge, vulval itching, dyspareunia, low back ache etc. In the parallel medical field it is managed by electrocautery, cryotherapy and CO2 laser vaporization. This condition can be correlated with Garbhashayamukhagata Vrana or Karnini Yonivyapada. In Ayurveda, it is treated by Ksharakarma along with internal medications. Ksharakarma itself is sufficient to clear the wound and to promote the healing process. This reviewing is done to know the pharmacological effect of Ksharakarma using Apamarga Kshara. It concluded that the procedure (Ksharakarma) and the drug used to perform the procedure (Apamarga) have the capacity to enhance the reduction of severity of the condition and gradually lead to the complete cure of the same. It is due to the efficacy of Ksharakarma to clear the unhealthy epithelial cells and the presence of wound healing components like tannins, flavonoids, antioxidants etc. in Apamarga. In effect it has equivalent result as modern management, cost effective, easy procedure, brief procedure, no or less complications, less chances for the recurrence of the same.

A proof of Bel’tyukov-Lipshitz theorem by quasi-quantifier elimination. I. Definitions and GCD-lemma

This paper is the first part of a new proof of decidability of the existential theory of the structure , where | corresponds to the binary divisibility relation. The decidability was proved independently in 1976 by A. P. Bel’tyukov and L. Lipshitz. In 1977, V.I. Mart’yanov proved an equivalent result by considering the ternary GCD predicate instead of divisibility (the predicates are interchangeable with respect to existential definability). Generalizing in some sense the notion of quantifier elimination (QE) algorithm, we construct a quasi-QE algorithm to prove decidability of the positive existential theory of the structure <...>. We reduce to the decision problem for this theory the decision problem for the existential theory of the structure <...>. A quasi-QE algorithm, which performs this reduction, will be constructed in the second part of the proof. Transformations of formulas are based on a generalization of the Chinese remainder theorem to systems of the form GCD(ai, bi +x) = di for every i [1..m], where ai, bi, di are some integers such that ai 6 = 0, di > 0.

Assessing the effect of dynamics on the closed-loop protein-folding hypothesis

The closed-loop (loop-n-lock) hypothesis of protein folding suggests that loops of about 25 residues, closed through interactions between the loop ends (locks), play an important role in protein structure. Coarse-grain elastic network simulations, and examination of loop lengths in a diverse set of proteins, each supports a bias towards loops of close to 25 residues in length between residues of high stability. Previous studies have established a correlation between total contact distance (TCD), a metric of sequence distances between contacting residues (cf. contact order), and the log-folding rate of a protein. In a set of 43 proteins, we identify an improved correlation ( r 2 = 0.76), when the metric is restricted to residues contacting the locks, compared to the equivalent result when all residues are considered ( r 2 = 0.65). This provides qualified support for the hypothesis, albeit with an increased emphasis upon the importance of a much larger set of residues surrounding the locks. Evidence of a similar-sized protein core/extended nucleus (with significant overlap) was obtained from TCD calculations in which residues were successively eliminated according to their hydrophobicity and connectivity, and from molecular dynamics simulations. Our results suggest that while folding is determined by a subset of residues that can be predicted by application of the closed-loop hypothesis, the original hypothesis is too simplistic; efficient protein folding is dependent on a considerably larger subset of residues than those involved in lock formation.

ONLINE ROUTING IN CONVEX SUBDIVISIONS

We consider online routing algorithms for finding paths between the vertices of plane graphs. We show (1) there exists a routing algorithm for arbitrary triangulations that has no memory and uses no randomization, (2) no equivalent result is possible for convex subdivisions, (3) there is no competitive online routing algorithm under the Euclidean distance metric in arbitrary triangulations, and (4) there is no competitive online routing algorithm under the link distance metric even when the input graph is restricted to be a Delaunay, greedy, or minimum-weight triangulation.

NEUTRINO OSCILLATION IN WEITZENBÖCK SPACE–TIME

In the framework of the teleparallel equivalent of general relativity, we obtain the evolution equation of the neutrino oscillation in vacuum. A comparison with the equivalent result of general relativity case, shows that the Dirac equation in Riemann and Weitzenböck space–times is equivalent in the spherical symmetric Schwarzschild space–time, but turns out to be different in the case of the axial symmetry.

Quantization of gl(1, R) Generalized Chern–Simons Theory in 1+1 Dimensions

We present a quantization of previously proposed generalized Chern–Simons theory with gl(1, R) algebra in 1+1 dimensions. This simplest model shares the common features of generalized CS theories: on-shell reducibility and violations of regularity. On-shell reducibility of the theory requires us to use the Lagrangian Batalin–Vilkovisky and/or Hamiltonian Batalin–Fradkin–Vilkovisky formulation. Since the regularity condition is violated, their quantization is not straightforward. In the present case we can show that both formulations give an equivalent result. It leads to an interpretation that a physical degree of freedom which does not exist at the classical level appears at the quantum level.

General description of multiple-modulation effects and sideband production in magnetic resonance

A theory is presented for the sideband structure produced by a general multiple-modulation scheme with arbitrary combination of p-tuple field modulation, q-tuple frequency modulation, and r-tuple amplitude modulation for integral p, q, and r. A general formula describing the multiple-modulation effects is analytically derived using a density matrix formalism under the assumption of negligible saturation; an equivalent result is obtained from the phenomenological Bloch equation. The general formula reveals that field and frequency modulations are equivalent for the sideband production, even in the presence of amplitude modulation. Two particular cases, viz., r-tuple amplitude modulation and double field modulation are dealt with to show the validity and applicability of the general formula.

Least Positive Residues and the Quadratic Character of Two

Let be the least positive residue modulo 2tk of (2j- l)h. Define ut to be the number of with l≤j≤2t-2k such that . At the Special Session in Combinatorial Number Theory at the 1977 Summer AMS Meeting Szekeres [2] asked for a simple proof that if (h, 2k)=1, thenHere a simple proof will be given for the following equivalent result.

Mixing of Exhaust and By-pass Flow in a By-pass Engine

It is well known that the main purpose of the by-pass principle is to improve the propulsive efficiency of a simple jet engine by removing some of the energy left in the jet gases and using this to compress an extra quantity of air, known as the by-pass air, this air being ejected rearwards with the jet gases. In this way a greater mass of air is ejected rearwards at a lower jet velocity and thus a better propulsive efficiency is obtained. This is an extremely simplified view of the advantages of the by-pass engine, however, since an equivalent result of obtaining a lower jet velocity can be obtained by designing the jet engine for a lower combustion temperature. The by-pass principle is of advantage because it enables a higher propulsive efficiency to be obtained at the same time as employing a high combustion temperature and therefore a high basic cycle efficiency. If the component efficiencies of a gas turbine were 100 per cent, cycle efficiency would not depend upon combustion temperature at all, and there would thus be no advantage in principle in using the by-pass engine. In practice there would probably be some residual advantage left in that for a given thrust a lower engine weight could be obtained.