Mandatory Corporate Human Rights Due Diligence Models: Shooting Blanks?

The major stakeholders, including states (at least, in the global North) and transnational corporations (TNCs), have radically changed their attitude to the idea of mandatory human rights due diligence in the last decade. By asking what is behind these good intentions, and whether the mandatory corporate human rights due diligence models enforced so far are effective or represent an exercise in shooting blanks, and by combining a legal positivistic perspective with studies on governance and the production of knowledge, this article contributes to the legal and socio-legal assessment of these changes Assessing the effectiveness of mandatory corporate human rights due diligence, this article discusses the inherent or implied features of this regulatory tool which restrict its ability to serve as an instrument to protect human rights. A special focus is made on two main restrictions that are specific for human rights due diligence: the regulatory boundary revealed in the auxiliary character of due diligence and its limed ability to serve as a standard of conduct, and the epistemic boundary, deriving from the conflicting role of companies as the architects and executives of knowledge production. To a certain extent, the legislative process can counterbalance some of these restrictions by setting up the substantive, precise obligations of companies, and by creating mechanisms of control and remediation. However, the analysis of nine different instruments reveals that neither states, nor the EU have used the potential of the regulatory force.

Transformation of auxiliary mythological characters in the heroic epic of the Turkic peoples

The image of the myth in the epic of the Turkic peoples is preserved in the function of auxiliary characters. The plot, motive, and mythology of the myth have a structural meaning at different levels of the epic, as well as the image of the characters and the burden on them. Among them are a tulpar, an auxiliary, a hero's wife, or a girl in love with him, a ghost, a saint, a fairy, a diyu, etc., who saves the hero from trouble. It is no coincidence that in the heroic epic the hero's spirit is associated with the cult of ancestors. Because it is a myth that the source of unparalleled strength and courage is realized through this arrow. At first, the protagonist, although he is alone and alone, walks alone, attacks the enemy alone and goes on a campaign. If this model repeats the image of a mythical hero acting alone, then he performs a feat that an ordinary person cannot do with the help of an auxiliary character (spirit), which is in line with the same mythical logic. The problem here is not only that the supporting character is in a mythical image, but also that the pattern of action of the epic hero repeats the mythical model. This is a sign that both the skeleton of the myth and the system of images are repeated in the epic. Of course, it is obvious that epic has changed and adapted to nature. We notice that the image and activity of the auxiliary mythological characters in the heroic epos of the Turkic peoples relate to the history of the formation of the epic genre. They are in the plot of the epic together with the protagonist of the epic. Actions and concepts such as ancestral cult, communication with other worlds, the help of heroes to help the hero to win, to achieve his goals are derived from the model of myth.

Generalized Classes of Estimators for Population Mean, Ratio and Product Using Rank of Auxiliary Character Under Double Sampling the Non-Respondents

In the present study, generalized classes of estimators for estimating population mean, ratio and product of two population means using rank of auxiliary character in presence of non-response are proposed. The bias and mean square error of proposed classes of estimators are obtained and their performances examined. Specific conditions under which the members of proposed classes of estimators attain minimum mean square error are obtained. Comparative study of the proposed classes of estimators with the relevant estimators is carried out. An empirical study is given to justify the efficiency of the proposed classes of estimators.

THE SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEM BASED ON ADMINISTRATIVE LAW – FROM GALICIA TO THE THIRD POLISH REPUBLIC. SELECTED ISSUES

Social security is not only the key trend of social policy but also a significant domain of internal and national security. This type of security, correlated with social protection, both in the past and nowadays, is based on the public and social grounds. Its dimension harmonizing with the changing political and economic conditions took a subsidiary form, then a paternalistic one, to reach ultimately an auxiliary character, drawing on the best models developed on the grounds of our state’s history.

LEGAL SYMBOL AND LEGAL FICTION: PROBLEMS OF DEMARCATION

The article considers the legal symbol and legal fiction as special legal categories. The correctness of anarrow approach to their essence was established according to which the notion of «legal fiction» does notinclude fictitious phenomena, and the notion of «legal symbol» does not cover symbols prohibited by law,and symbols which represent certain values. It was revealed that both considered categories have a certaindegree of conventionality, in a specific way according to the scheme established by the legislator, thereforethey are sometimes mixed in the literature. Legal symbols, unlike legal fictions, are more fundamental, buthave an auxiliary character, since they reflect an existing legal precept, and are not part of a new legal norm,contain an encrypted meaning, but do not distort the legal reality.Legal symbols and legal fictions play a very important role in legal regulation, since they optimize it andmake it more quality, and also provide legal and linguistic economy.

GENERALIZED SYNTHETIC ESTIMATOR FOR DOMAIN MEAN IN TWO PHASE SAMPLING USING SINGLE AUXILIARY CHARACTER

In this paper, we have proposed a two phase sampling estimator for domain mean using auxiliary character with unknown X a domain mean. Also discussed properties of the proposed estimator for domain mean ps a T ,γ , using auxiliary character. Simulation study of the proposed estimator ps a T ,γ , has been made with conventional ratio synthetic estimator for domain mean ps a T ,−1, using auxiliary character in terms of simulated relative standard error (SRSE) and absolute relative bias (ARB). Simulation study shows that under synthetic assumption proposed estimator is more efficient than conventional ratio synthetic estimator for domain mean using auxiliary character.

Families of estimators for ratio and product of study characters using mean and proportion of auxiliary character in presence of non-response

In this paper, families of estimators for ratio and product of two population means are suggested using proportion and mean of auxiliary character in presence of non-response. The bias and mean square error (MSE) of the proposed families of estimators are obtained up to the first degree of approximation under two different cases. The specified conditions under which the members of proposed families of estimators attain minimum mean square error have been obtained. Theoretical and empirical comparisons based on real data sets are made to show that the suggested families of estimators are more efficient than the relevant estimators such as usual conventional estimator, (Khare & Sinha 2012 a) estimators and (Sinha 2014) estimators.