THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THREE-BREED CROSSINGS FOR INCREASING MEAT PRODUCTIVITY IN YOUNG SHEEP

This publication presents the results on the growth, development, live weight, body indices in ram lambs and ewe lambs of three-breed crossbreeds ♀ (♀Karakul 18.7% x ♂Avassi 31.3%) x ♂Assaf 50.0% and purebred Assaf, as well as the dynamics of the live weight gain of lambs from birth to 4–4.5 months of age. Crossbreed lambs are developed better than purebred lambs. The absolute weight gain in the ram lambs ♀ (♀Karakul 18.7% x ♂ Avassi 31.3%) x ♂Assaf50.0% was 4.8 kg, which is by 0.32 kg (7.1%) higher in relation to the ram lambs of the Assaf breed, the average daily weight is also higher by 5.4 g. According to the same trend, crossbred ewe lambs had a gross weight gain of 3.72 kg or by 0.22 kg (6.3%) more than in purebred ones and the average daily weight are also higher by 3.2 g. Of the eight body indices, crossbred ram lambs and ewe lambs have five indices that exceed the obtained indicators in purebred animals, and in purebred lambs only three body indices are superior. In ram lambs of the Assaf breed, the indicators for three indices are higher in comparison to crossbreeds: transverse by 0.78%, chest by 0.5% and robustness by 4.65%, and for three-breed crossbreeds they are higher in relation to purebred ones according to the following 5 indices: body format by 4.33%, massiveness by 1.28%, bones by 0.58%, forehead width by 3.74% and head length by 1.42%. The indices of body format, bones and head length are also higher in the purebred ewe lambs by 0.12%, 0.46% and 1.36%, and in the crossbreeds the indices of transverse, massiveness, chest, and head width are higher by 1.21%, 1.35%, 2.02%, 0.29% and 2.97%. The slaughter qualities of crossbreeds are higher for the most indicators taken into account, with the exception of the area of sheepskins. The slaughter weight of crossbred ram lambs is higher by 1.62 kg (13.2%) compared to purebred ram lambs, and the slaughter yield of carcasses is also higher by 2.88%. After deboning chilled half-carcasses, the mass of meat was higher in crossbred animals in comparison to purebred animals by 0.59 kg or 14.8%. All this denoted an higher meat ratio characterizing the relative development of bones and muscle tissues in crossbred animals with made up 2.51 vis-a-vis 2.34 in purebred ones. The highest weight of sheepskins was in crossbred ram lambs and amounted to 3.76 kg, which is by 0.65 kg or by 20.9% more than in peers. At the same time, purebred ram lambs had the largest sheepskins area of 80.3 dm2, which are by 5.52 dm2 (8.51%) more than in crossbreeds. The interior parameters of the internal organs, the development of the digestive organs are closely related to the constitutionally productive characteristics of sheep. The internal organs of crossbred ram lambs, which also have the greatest pre-slaughter live weight, are somewhat better developed. At the same time, they surpassed their purebred peers in the mass of the lungs, spleen and kidneys. The weight of the lungs indicates the volume of respiration and the redox processes occurring in it, on which depend the health and endurance of animals. There were no significant differences in the absolute weight of the lungs in both groups of animals and they were almost the same and ranged from 0.550 g to 0.555 g. Thus, our results indicate that there is a positive relationship between the productivity of ram lambs and the development of their internal organs. The digestive organs and their development ensure the future productivity of the animal. Crossbreed lambs by weight of the stomach without the contents of 973.2 g exceed they peers by 1.4%. The total length of the intestine also for this group of ram lambs is 36.38 meters or more than by 2.36%. In total, all this can lead to better use of the feed, increasing its digestibility. At the ends of the slaughter were taken from each carcass their measurements and the indices were calculated. In crossbred three-breed ram lambs, all carcass evaluation indices are higher in comparison with purebred ones, with the exception of the chest depth index. The lamb leg development index in crossbreeds is significantly higher by 22.52% (P < 0.01), and in Assaf ram lambs is significantly higher the breast depth index if compared to crossbreeds by 14.61% (P < 0.001). According to the chemical composition of meat in the group of purebred ram lambs and in the group of crossbreeds, the content of water in meat, protein and collagen is within the normal range and almost the same. The high fat values in three-breed crossbreeds are 6.88%, which is by 2.15% more than in purebreds.

Evaluasi Ukuran-Ukuran Tubuh pada Sapi Belgian Blue, Peranakan Ongole dan Silangannya

ABSTRAK. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi dan menganalisis ukuran-ukuran tubuh pada sapi Belgian Blue, Peranakan Ongole dan silangannya. Sapi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 30 ekor terdiri atas 7 ekor sapi Belgian Blue (BB), 8 ekor sapi Peranakan Ongole (PO) dan 15 ekor silangannya (BBxPO) yang dipelihara di Balai Embrio Ternak (BET) Cipelang Bogor, Indonesia. Peubah ukuran-ukuran tubuh yang diamati adalah panjang badan, tinggi pundak, dalam dada, lebar dada, lingkar dada, tinggi pinggul dan lebar pinggul, sedangkan indeksasi yang dihitung adalah weight, height slope, length index 1, length index 2, width slope, depth index dan foreleg length. Data ukuran-ukuran tubuh pada setiap bangsa sapi dikoreksi berdasarkan umur dan jenis kelamin. Selanjutnya data ukuran-ukuran tubuh dan nilai indeksasi dianalisis menggunakan analisis ragam (ANOVA) dengan program SAS 9.4. Analisis Komponen Utama (AKU) dengan pendekatan biplot dianalisis menggunakan program XLSTAT. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ukuran-ukuran tubuh dan indeksasi pada setiap bangsa sapi berbeda (P0.05). Hasil analisis komponen utama memperlihatkan bahwa ketiga bangsa sapi yang dianalisis secara jelas terpisah baik sapi BB, PO dan silangannya. Bangsa sapi BB dan silangannya (BBPO) memiliki karakter peubah spesifik dan menjadi penciri pada setiap bangsa sapi. Dengan demikian arah seleksi dapat mengacu pada karakter yang diinginkan sebagai sapi penghasil tipe pedaging. Evaluation of the Body Measurements on Belgian Blue, Peranakan Ongole and Its Crossbreed Cattle ABSTRACT. This study was aimed to evaluate and analyze body measurements in Belgian Blue (BB), Ongole Breed (PO) and its crossbreed (BBPO) cattle. The number of cattle used in the study were 30 heads, with 7 heads of Belgian Blue cattle, 8 heads of Ongole breed cattle, and 15 heads of its crossbreed cattle were kept in the Animal Embryo Centre (BET) Cipelang Bogor. The variables observed were body length, withers height, chest depth, chest width, girth depth, rump height, and hip-width and the calculated indexations were weight, height slope, length index 1, length index 2, width slope, depth index, and foreleg length. The body measurement data on each breed of cattle was corrected by age and sex. Furthermore, analysis of body measurement and indexing was using Analysis of variance (ANOVA) with SAS program 9.4. As for Principal Component Analysis (PCA) with a biplot approach analyzed using XLStat program. The result showed that body measurement and indexing on each breed of cattle was different (P0.05). The result of principal component analysis (PCA) suggested that the three breeds analyzed to separate the BB, PO, and it's a crossbreed. The BB and its crossbreed had specific character and became an identifying mark in every breed of cattle. Thus, the direction of the selection can refer to the qualities desired as producing beef cattle type.

Fuzzy Logic Method for Predicting the Effect of Main Fabric Parameters Influencing Drape Phenomenon

The main aspect of this research was to predict the drape parameters and describe clearly the drape phenomenon using fuzzy logic method. Forecasting features allow manufacturers to save time and improve their productivity. The bending rigidity, (in warp, weft, and skew direction), shear rigidity, and weight of fabric samples were used as the key input variables for the model, whereas drape coefficient, drape distance ratio, folds depth index, and node number were used as output/response variables. The results show that changing the values of fabric parameters significantly affected the fabric drape and a representative correlation values were found between the experimental values and those calculated by the fuzzy system.

Indeks Morfologi Tubuh Kambing Peranakan Etawah (PE) di Sentra Pembibitan Kambing Kecamatan Mestong Kabupaten Muaro Jambi

Penelitian ini dilakukan di Sentra Peternakan Kambing di kecamatan Mestong kabupaten Muaro Jambi selama 6 (enam) bulan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah survai. Obyek yang diamati adalah kambing Peranakan Etawah umur lepas sapih (6 bulan). Penentuan sampel dilakukan dengan metode purposive sampling. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui indeks morfologi ukuran-ukuran tubuh kambing Peranakan Etawah yang meliputi : weight, height slope, length index, width slope, depth index, foreleg length, balance dan cumulative index. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata ukuran tubuh kambing jantan lebih besar dibandingkan dengan kambing betina. Dari perhitungan didapatkan nilai indeks morfologi kambing jantan adalah weight = 52726,34; Height slope = -1,88; Lenght index = 1,0165; Width slope = 0,9935; Depht index = 0,5003 dan Foreleg length = 27,24. Sedangkan indeks morfologi kambing betina adalah Weight = 47477,46; Height slope = -1,94; Lenght index = 1,0278; Width slope = 0,9645; Depht index = 0,4988 dan Foreleg lenght = 26,34. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah kambing Peranakan Etawah umur lepas sapih di Sentra Pembibitan Kambing di kecamatan Mestong kabupaten Muaro Jambi mempunyai indeks morfologi yang tidak berbeda jauh dengan kambing Peranakan Etawah yang ada di beberapa daerah di Indonesia. kambing Peranakan Etawah, Indeks morfologi, umur lepas sapih.

Production of Serra da Estrela cheese from ultrafiltered sheep’s milk

The objective of this study is to elaborate Serra da Estrela cheese with sheep's milk concentrate by ultrafiltration and characterize it in relation to protein, yield, proteolysis, amino acid profile, and acceptability. The cheese elaborated with concentrate milk (F2) presented an increase of 17% yield, and protein content was 2 times higher than cheese without concentrate milk (F1). On the 30thday of storage F2 presented an increase of the amino acids and also of proteolysis extension and depth index in relation to the 1st day. Also presented better sensorial characteristic in relation to F1. Were observed positive correlations (>0.85) between acceptability in relation to protein, depth index, extensionand extension index, valine, methionine, serine, phenylalanine aspartic acid, valine andproline. Cheese elaborated with concentrate milk and coagulated with thistle flower is one alternative to increase cheese yield with differential sensorial characteristics.

Analisis pengaruh pertumbuhan ekonomi dan pengangguran terbuka terhadap jumlah penduduk miskin di Kabupaten Tebo

The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze: (1) the development of economic growth, open unemployment, and the number of poor people in Tebo Regency 2002-2015. (2) the development of poverty depth index and poverty severity index in Tebo Regency 2002-2015 period. (3) the effect of economic growth and open unemployment on the number of poor people in Tebo District 2002-2015. The method used in this research is the descriptive analysis method. The results of this study are economic growth and open unemployment in Tebo Regency for the period 2002-2015, which increased respectively by an average of 5.89% and 25.45% per year, then for the number of poor people in Tebo Regency in the 2002 period -2015 decreased by 1.36 percent. The results of this study also indicate a negative influence from the variables of economic growth and open unemployment on the number of poor people in Tebo Regency. Keywords : Economic growth, Open unemployment, The number of poor people