Antropological Concept in Mystical Poetry of Parvin Etesami

The essay reflects on the creativity of Parvin Etesami (1907 – 1941), a distinguished Persian poet, little known abroad. We highlight anthropological teaching based on the religious worldview as one of the aspects of her mystical poetry. Created in the era when Persian literature and its classical tradition were breaking, Parvin’s poems affirm loyalty to the mystical tradition and the ways of self-creation of an individual laid down in it. The article shows that the Muslim science of behavior guides a person striving for wisdom and determines their path. The preaching of morality in Parvin’s poems, coupled with her mystical enlightenment, attempts to return her contemporaries to the classical world of their tradition. This research investigates the concept of man and is based on the only collection of 60 poems published in Russian (Journey of Tears, 1984), as well as on the new poetic translations. Two of the poems translated by M. Yahyapour and M. L. Reysner are introduced to the readers for the first time. The paper describes different facets of personality and fate, found in poetic self-reflection, the most significant of which is Parvin’s Auto-Epitaph. The values corresponding to Parvin’s spiritual personality are revealed: purity of soul, strictness, restraint, intellectualism, moral seriousness. Following the Sufi teachings about men, Parvin criticizes deviations from the true path —such as susceptibility to passions and pride. The poet considers them the destroyers and believes that they occur because of the evil forces distorting the human soul. The poet proposes a way out for the soul captured by the world — the knowledge of the Truth and the appeal to the experience of the righteous. The essay demonstrates that in Parvin’s poetry, fidelity to a thousand-year-old spiritual tradition and individual creativity appear as an organic unity. In the era that leads a person of the West and the East away from the spiritual roots of culture, the poet becomes a gnostic and a mystic in his individual creative life and, abandoning modern trends, consciously takes the path of mystical enlightenment and brings to her readers the wisdom found on these paths.

THE RIGHT OF SELF-DEFENSE AND THE ORGANIC UNITY OF HUMAN RIGHTS

The article challenges the fashionable but finally unsupportable opinion in political and academic circles that there exists no compelling, unitary, universally resonant moral and legal justification of human rights. The argument is intimated by two overlooked passages in the preamble to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights that presuppose the right of self-defense against arbitrary force, understood as both a moral and legal concept, and as relevant both to personal and collective life. It shows how the logic of defensive force underlies the three formative human rights instruments: the UDHR, and the two covenants on political, legal, economic, social, and cultural rights. The underlying claim is that good reasons of a particular kind are required to justify any use of force, a claim that makes perfect sense against the backdrop of the atrocities committed by the German fascists and their allies in the mid-twentieth century. The article also refers to compelling, if preliminary, evidence of the widespread cross-cultural acceptance of the moral and legal right of self-defense, suggesting a basis for the worldwide comprehensibility and appeal of human-rights language.

Analysis on the Ideological and Political Education Function of Major Commemorative Activities

Major commemorative activities can carry and transmit the content of ideological and political education, with distinct political nature, extensive participation and strong characteristics of the times. Therefore, major commemorative activities have the function of ideological and political education. The ideological and political education function of major commemorative activities is mainly manifested in strengthening political identity, condensing value consensus and enhancing mission responsibility. By enriching the forms of practical activities, widely using new media and realizing the organic unity of family, school and society, we will give full play to the ideological and political education function of major commemorative activities, so as to cultivate qualified builders and reliable successors for the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics.

Research on Improving the Affinity of Ideological and Political Education in Colleges and Universities in the New Era

The affinity of ideological and political education in colleges and universities is an important index to measure the effect of ideological and political education. The improvement of affinity is the internal requirement of ideological and political education in colleges and universities. In the current ideological and political education activities, facing multiple challenges such as insufficient attraction and weak effectiveness, the improvement of affinity is particularly necessary. To enhance the affinity of ideological and political education in colleges and universities, we should realize the organic unity of the affinity of ideological and political education content, the affinity of ideological and political teachers’ personality and the affinity of ideological and political education form based on adhering to the principles of people-oriented, keeping pace with the times and interest.

Judicial practice in the law reality of Russia: experience of a comprehensive research

The legal nature of judicial practice in the context of legal reality is investigated through prism of phenomenological and axiological analysis. The purpose of the research is to form scientifically proved knowledge of the place and judicial practice role in the legal reality. Methodology is based on complex use of postclassical methods of investigation: integrative approach allows combining within the category both activity of courts on ensuring justice and gained experience. The findings are as follows. Judicial practice is analyzed as a part of social and legal practice. It shows organic unity of knowledge, activity and result. Judicial practice promotes formation of uniform rules of interpretation, formulation of legal norms and decision making in similar situations/cases that removes ambiguity in understanding of norms and clarity of their content. Correlation of ordinary, professional and doctrinal understanding of law as well as rapprochement of social expectations and judicial consciousness, which provide legitimacy to legislation and judiciary practice, is ensured. Conclusions are as follows. Judicial practice covers activity of judicial bodies in administering justice, taking in different values - pragmatist, organizational, logic-intellectual, and formal-legal in a combination of experience generalizations. Due to this, the feedback system between legal norms and individual acts that is reflected in actual formation of models of interpretation and realization of norms, and finally leads to refining legislation is ensured. Judicial practice, thereby, harmonizes legal reality, providing rapprochement of valuable orientations of addressees and senders of law communication.

Moore’s Account of Vindictive Punishment: A Test Case for Theories of Organic Unities

This paper discusses two conceptions of organic unities. Moore, who first brought the notion of an organic unity to prominence, argues for an intrinsicalist conception of the organic: items do not have different non-instrumental value in different contexts, but the value they contribute to a whole of which they are a part may vary according to other parts of that whole. In this sense, they can contribute value that they have not got. This paper contrasts that conception with a different, variabilist conception which is more friendly to a general holism in the theory of value. It argues that intrinsicalism gives an incoherent account of what Moore calls vindictive punishment.

The Importance of Forming a Value-Based Attitude to the Heroic past Of the Ancestors through Spirituality among Modern Youth

The most relevant and useful for today's Russia and its historical heritage is, first of all, the tradition of the organic unity of our peoples, which was developed and postponed in the course of our history as a result of everyday exercises in justice, mutual respect and harmony. Despite the fact that every Russian people has its own traditions, customs, languages, and heroic past – together they make up a common heritage. To revive it, to always remember it – and not lose sight of it – is the urgent task of time. We must believe that the troubled times, poverty and disenfranchisement of ordinary people-workers, disrespect for the moral and legal norms of human society are a temporary phenomenon. Its elimination consists in a good, comprehensive preparation of every young person entering an independent life. Our research has confirmed the assumption that in the conditions of today's acute ideological struggle for the minds and hearts of young people, it is necessary to turn to the her

Prerequisites for Creating Textbooks for Auxiliary Schools: Correctional Psychopedagogy for Children with Intellectual Disabilities

The history of the use of school textbooks as a special teaching tool dates back more than two centuries. Throughout its existence, the textbook has played a significant role in teaching students. It records the amount of knowledge, skills and abilities to be acquired in the learning process. The textbook is a special didactic object, which is both a carrier of the content of education, forms of recording its various elements and a project of the educational process. It implements the substantive and procedural aspects of learning in their organic unity, because the content of education and the learning process are closely interrelated, without each other impossible. One of the important areas of research in the history of pedagogy is the study of the history of school textbooks, a phenomenon that has come a long way in history, and at the present stage is an important tool for learning. The didactic functions of the school textbook are determined: informational, consolidation and control, systematization, self-education, integrating, coordinating, reference, developmental and educational. It is established that foreign and domestic correctional pedagogy has accumulated some experience in the practical creation of textbooks for the auxiliary school. Most of all in Ukraine it concerns textbooks on native language and reading. It was found that the formation and development of textbooks for children with intellectual disabilities in Ukraine were not the subject of a comprehensive analysis that would overcome the fragmentary historical and pedagogical knowledge to understand the historical experience gained in Ukraine and help identify the most progressive ideas and provide useful material for use by authors of textbooks in modern conditions.

Socio-political and public organizations activity peculiarities at Volyn in the Ukrainian statehood idea formation and development in 1921-1939

Historical aspects of the development and formation of socio-political and public organizations in Volyn, which after the end of the World War I was under the rule of two totalitarian powers – the Soviet Union and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth I is studied in the article. The role of Ukrainian immigration in the creation of Ukrainian socio-cultural and political centers was considered, and the optimal ways of solving national problems were searched for. On the example of Volyn lands it is proved that despite the difference of social and political systems, which dominated both Western and Eastern parts of Volyn, the process of formation of the national idea represents an organic unity in all Ukrainian lands.