Mosques with Flat Beam Ceiling of the Crimean Kha­nate Period

Research objectives: To study a group of mosques of Crimean Khanate’s period, namely, buildings with a flat beamed ceiling. To highlight various options for planning buildings and to search for their analogies. Research materials: Buildings of Crimean mosques from the sixteenth to eighteenth centuries, preserved to this day and known from archival materials. All Crimean mosques can be divided into two groups: domed buildings and buildings with flat beamed ceilings and a four-pitched roof. The second grouping is considered in this work. Research results: The consideration of a group of mosques with a flat rafter overlap allows us to divide them into two subgroups: basilicas and halls. The basilica constructions are rectangular buildings divided into naves by rows of columns or abutments supporting the beams. Buildings whose ceiling beams rest directly on the external walls can be attributed to hall mosques. Hall mosques, in turn, can be divided into square and rectangular in plan. Basilica mosques have been known in Crimea since the Golden Horde period. They have numerous analogies in the territory of Asia Minor where similar buildings appeared already in the twelfth century. In the Seljuk Sultanate of Rum, a model of the official Seljuk mosque appeared on their basis. In the Ottoman period, the mosques of Asia Minor became mainly domed. In Crimea, along with the perception of the new fashion, the old Seljuk traditions were preserved. Rectangular hall constructions are simplified versions of basilicas, while square ones comprise the domed mosques. Novelty of the research: For the first time ever, an analysis of the complex of mosque buildings with flat beamed ceilings is carried out and various layout options are highlighted. In addition, a comparison is made with similar mosques both in Crimea of the Mongol period and Asia Minor of the Seljuk period.

Implementation Of The Flat Beam Technology In Lighting devices Using A Flat Mirror Surface

The article discusses one of the ways to obtain a contrasting boundary between the illuminated and unlit areas of the object (illumination technology Flat Beam) in LED lighting systems using secondary optics in the form of a flat mirror surface. The results of studies of high-power LED light sources with different emitting surface areas and with three proposed options for fixing a flat mirror surface are presented. It is shown experimentally that the optical system for LED light sources in the form of a flat mirror surface allows changing the luminous intensity curve of LED light sources, converting it in a given plane from a cosine to a concentrated one. This is how the Flat Beam lighting technology is realized. Variants of the practical application of this lighting technology obtained by using a flat mirror surface with LEDs are also proposed.

Structural Response Prediction of a Flat Beam with Geometric Nonlinearities with Temporal Convolutional Networks

Complex structural systems are ubiquitous in the aerospace industry. The structural response characterization of these complex systems and components often involves extensive nondestructive testing. When testing is not an option, analysts rely on numerical simulations to predict the structural response. These simulations are performed by solving the partial differential equations (PDE) of motion. In the presence of nonlinearities, solving the relevant PDEs becomes computationally intractable for realsystems. Furthermore, the physical parameters required to perform these simulations may be unknown or hard to obtain. To overcome these challenges, we propose to train a data-driven model that can be used in place of more expensive simulations. The focus of this paper will be the exploration of the Temporal Convolutional Network (TCN). The TCN has been demonstrated to be a powerful architecture in the field of speech recognition and speech-to-text generation but it has not been studied for the application to structural response. The TCN model is enhanced with physical constraints that act as regularizers by leveraging relevant domain-knowledge. The TCN performance is compared to the traditional autoregressive model which is a popular approach in this field. Error metrics are evaluated in the time and frequency domain to assess the performance of the methods considered.

A Theoretical Framework for Characterizing Downlink Performance of Millimeter-Wave Networks for Highway Vehicular Communication

Associated and self-determining vehicles will play a significant job in upcoming Smart Transportation. what're more, brilliant urban areas, as a rule. High_speed and low_latency remote correspondence connections will enable regions to caution vehicles against security risks, and additionally, bolster cloud_driving arrangements to radically diminish roads turned parking_lots and air trash. To accomplish these objectives, vehicles should be outfitted by an extensive scope of devices creating and switching extreme rate information flows. As of late, millimetre wave (mm-Wave) methods have been offered as a method for satisfying such necessities. In_this_paper, we show a_highway network besides describing its key connection spending measurements. Specifically, we particularly think about a system in which vehicles_are assisted by mm-Wave Base_Stations installed beside the road. To evaluate our road_way, arrange, we build up another hypothetical model that represents a run of the mill situation where overwhelming vehicles, (for example, transports and lorries) in moderate paths impede Line_of-Sight_(LOS) ways of vehicles which are in fast tracks and, thus, perform as jams. Utilizing instruments from stochastic_geometry, we estimate for the_Signal-to-Interferenceplus_Noise Ratio_(SINR) outage_probability, and in addition, the likelihood which a user accomplishes an objective correspondence (rate_coverage probability). Our examination gives new structure bits of knowledge to mm-Wave highway communication networks. In thought about highway situations, we demonstrate that lessening the flat beam width from 90 degrees to 30 degrees decides a negligible decrease in the SINR outage probability. Additionally, not at all like bi-dimensional mm-Wave cell systems, for little BS densities. it is as yet conceivable to accomplish an SINR outage_probability littler.