An Evaluation of the Possible Uses of CNT in Flow Conditions for Removing Humic Substances from Water

This study concerns an evaluation of humic substance removal during an adsorption process on three sorbents: two consisting of carbon nanotubes embedded on a polymer (polypropylene and polyethylene) and granulated active carbon as a reference. The results that were obtained show a significantly lower organic substance removal effectiveness in the case of sorbents containing carbon nanotubes, with an insignificantly lower unit effectiveness (mg/g) of the nanosorbents during first two hours of adsorption. Unfortunately, nanosorbents only allow removing substances with a low molecular weight and high aromaticity, which significantly reduces the possibility of its use in technical conditions for naturally occurring water and the sorption capacity nanotubes were significantly lower in comparison to the GAC.

Integrating Autonomous Systems into Military Units

Autonomous systems are the future of military warfare and must be carefully employed to hold the advantage in technological advances. In an effort to measure the capabilities of autonomous systems within military units, this study analyzes the effects an autonomous system has while integrated into an Army Infantry unit. Using combat modeling software, a constructive reality modeled breaching and fires mission scenarios to determine the effects an autonomous system may have within a unit. Within the model limitations, statistical analysis supported that an autonomous system has a general impact on increasing a unit’s lethality and survivability. These statistically significant conclusions support that autonomous systems should be integrated within military units since these systems have a strong, positive impact on unit effectiveness. Additional data analysis and extending the analysis to other combat scenarios is crucial in applying these conclusions outside of the tested scenarios.

PENENTUAN NILAI EFEKTIVITAS KONDENSOR DI PLTGU BLOK 1-2 PT. INDONESIA POWER UPJP PRIOK

Kondensor merupakan salah satu komponen utama pada sistem yang bekerja mengubah uap menjadi air dan digunakan kembali. Kinerja dari suatu kondensor dapat dipengaruhi oleh laju perpindahan panas, tekanan vakum dan efektivitas. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui nilai efektivitas dan variabel yang mempengaruhi kinerja kondensor di PLTGU PT. Indonesia Power UPJP Priok. Metode penentuan nilai efektivitas menggunakan metode log mean temperature different (LMTD) dan number of transfer unit - effectiveness (NTU - ε). Pada hasil penelitian, perhitungan nilai efektivitas pada kondensor pertama sebesar 83,28%, kondensor kedua sebesar 84,15% dan kondensor rata-rata sebesar 83,72%. Variabel yang mempengaruhi adalah kapasitas rasio sebesar 0,01183, laju perpindahan kalor panas sebesar 2.046,9932 kW, LMTD sebesar 7,6416⁰C, jumlah satuan perpindahan sebesar 0,7996, dan tekanan vakum sebesar 0,04395. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa kondensor yang ada PT. Indonesia Power UPJP Priok masih mempunyai performa yang baik.Kata kunci : kondensor, LMTD, efektivitas NTU

Seed treatment on small farms

Результаты фитоэкспертизы семян во многих регионах производства зерна свидетельствуют об увеличении поражения зерновых культур основными возбудителями экономически значимых болезней. В настоящее время ежегодные потери зерна от болезней во многих регионах составляют не менее 20. Ухудшение фитосанитарной обстановки стало результатом сокращения объёмов предпосевной обработки семян на фоне внедрения технологий минимальной обработки почвы, применения севооборотов с короткой ротацией, изменения климата, ухудшения общей культуры земледелия. Обработка современными фунгицидами является одним из методов, способных защитить семена, проростки и всходы не только от семенной инфекции, но и от ранней аэрогенной инфекции. Целью данной статьи является обоснование и выбор оптимальных способов предпосевной обработки семян жидкими веществами в условиях небольших хозяйств. Экспериментальные исследования по оценке эффективности дозаторов жидких веществ проводились в основном в условиях хозяйств Ивановской области в 20142019 годах. Исходным материалом служили семена пшеницы и ячменя, прошедшие послеуборочную обработку на воздушно-решётных машинах отечественного производства. В статье представлены способы предпосевной обработки семян жидкими веществами в хозяйствах с небольшими объёмами производства зерновых культур (до 1000 т в год) и трав, а также обоснованы основные конструктивно-технологические параметры дозатора жидких веществ на мобильных семенных погрузчиках. Материалы статьи могут быть использованы для выбора оптимального способа обработки, а также для разработки рекомендаций по предпосевной обработке семян в небольших зернопроизводящих хозяйствах. Data from many regions shows the increase in grain crop infection rate. Nowadays annual yield losses from diseases amount to at least 20. Decline in phytosanitary safety is a result of a lack in seed treatment combined with minimum tillage, short crop rotation, climate change and arable farming issues. Fungicides are able to prevent various diseases on seeds, germs and seedlings. This paper deals with characterization and selection of optimal seed treatment techniques on small farms. Experiments on metering unit effectiveness took place in the Ivanovo region in 20142019. Wheat and barley seeds were used in the study. Seeds were cleaned after their harvest by domestic machines. This paper reports on methods of seed treatment by liquid substances on small farms (grain and grass production of up to 1000 t annually). It also contains characteristics of liquid substance metering unit of auger loader. This report can be used to select an optimal treatment method and develop recommendations on seed treatment on small grain-producing farms.

Rancang Bangun Unit Pemotong dan Pengarah pada Mesin Panen Padi (Oryza sativa l.) Tipe Carry Harvester

Terraced agricultural field with an area of ??less than 0.1 ha per plot is difficult to reach by large size and large capacity agricultural machines. A medium type rice harvester (carry harvester) is an agricultural machine that can be used on small and terraced field. The aim of this research is to design a cutting unit and guiding unit of paddy harvesting machine for easy to use on small and terraced paddy field. The parameters engine performance test are effective field capacity (EFC), cutting unit effectiveness, guiding unit effectiveness, fuel consumption and harvesting rice losses. The performance test of the cutting and guiding unit is running well, which is shown by the percentage of cutting effectiveness and guiding effectiveness is 99% on average. The guiding of carry harvester are directed to the left side of the machine. The performance test results show the EFC harvesting of this machine is 0.05 ha / hour. Fuel consumption of 1.2 l / hour. The average losses at harvest is 3.1%. These factors can be taken into consideration in the selection of harvesting methods, especially in terraced rice fields that cannot be reached by other harvesting machines to overcome the shortage of harvesting labor. Lahan pertanian yang berteras dan memiliki luasan per petak kurang dari 0.1 ha, sulit dijangkau oleh mesin-mesin pertanian yang berukuran dan berkapasitas besar. Mesin pemanen padi tipe menengah (carry harvester) merupakan mesin pertanian yang dapat digunakan pada lahan kecil dan berteras. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk merancang unit pemotong dan pengarah mesin pemanen padi yang mudah digunakan pada lahan kecil dan berteras. Parameter uji kinerja mesin yang diukur adalah kapasitas lapang efektif (KLE), Efektifitas unit pemotong, efektivitas unit pengarah, kosnsumsi bahan bakar dan susut padi pemanenan. Hasil kerja menunjukan unit pemotong dan pengarah berjalan dengan baik, yang ditunjukkan oleh presentase efektivitas pemotongan dan pengarahan rata-rata 99%. Hasil potongan padi diarahkan ke sisi kiri mesin. Hasil uji kinerja menunjukkan KLE pemanenan mesin ini adalah 0,05 ha/jam. Konsumsi bahan bakar sebesar 1,2 l/jam. Rata-rata susut saat panen mesin sebesar 3,1%. Faktor-faktor tersebut dapat dijadikan pertimbangan pemilihan metode pemanenan terutama di lahan sawah berteras yang tidak dapat dijangkau mesin pemanen lainnya untuk mengatasi kekurangan tenaga kerja pemanen.

Taking Social Cohesion to Task: Perceptions of Transgender Military Inclusion and Concepts of Cohesion

Recent political debates over the inclusion of transgender servicemembers in the US military center around the impact such inclusion will have on unit cohesion and effectiveness. Missing from the debate, however, are the perceptions of those who do the soldiering. What are their perceptions of cohesion? Do they, like political leaders and the general public, believe unit cohesion leads to military effectiveness? In other words, how much does the narrative at the elite level—that insists excluding minority groups is a military necessity—match the perceptions of those who serve? Drawing on an original survey of 151 current and former members of the US military, our results suggest that servicemembers’ perceptions mirror those in the general public: political ideology is correlated with beliefs that minority groups disrupt unit cohesion. We find that conservatives are more likely to believe that the inclusion of transgender soldiers will negatively impact cohesion and undermine unit effectiveness. Moreover, conservatives are more likely to endorse a conceptualization of cohesion that hinges on the social—“people like me” or “band of brothers”—dynamics of cohesion rather than more professional, task-oriented conceptions of cohesion. However, military experience affects these perceptions: respondents with combat experience, who held/hold a higher rank, and who are currently serving are more likely to endorse a task-based conception of cohesion that ties cohesion to professionalism and competence, rather than social identity.