WÜRTTEMBERŠKI GORSKI BATALJON IN 12. SOŠKA OFENZIVA

Povzetek Württemberški gorski bataljon je bil nemška vojaška enota dežele Württemberg. Oblikovan je bil precej pozno, šele oktobra 1915. Enota, ki ji je poveljeval major Theodor Sprösser, je prevzela pomembno vlogo v 12. soški ofenzivi, saj je ves čas delovala v konici napada alpskega korpusa in pozneje 1. avstro-ogrskega korpusa Krauss. Pomembno vlogo znotraj bataljona je imel tudi nadporočnik Erwin Rommel, ki je skupaj z majorjem Sprösserjem prejel visoko odlikovanje pour le mérite za uspešne boje ob reki Soči v prvih dneh ofenzive in operacijo Longarone. Bataljon je ves čas prodora od Tolmina do reke Piave deloval decentralizirano na več samostojnih smereh, saj so njegovi častniki razumeli in obvladali načelo poveljevanja s poslanstvom (Auftragstaktik) ter obvladali veščine nove taktike prodora. Bataljon je bil decembra 1917 skupaj z drugimi enotami 14. armade premeščen z italijanske fronte na opravljanje nove bojne naloge. Ključne besede: prva svetovna vojna, soška fronta, 12. soška ofenziva, Württemberški gorski bataljon, Theodor Sprösser, Erwin Rommel. Abstract The Württemberg Mountain Battalion was a German military unit on the territory of Württemberg. It was formed relatively late, only in October 1915. The unit, which was commanded by Major Theodor Sprösser assumed a very important role in the Twelfth Isonzo Offensive. It was continuously engaged in the peak of the attack by the Alpine Corps’ (Alpenkorps) and later 1st Austro-Hungarian corps Krauss. An important role within the battalion was also played by First Lieutenant Erwin Rommel, who was together with Major Sprösser awarded a decoration “pour la mérite” for his success in the battles near the Isonzo River in the first days of the offensive, and for the Longarone operation. Throughout the penetration from Tolmino to the Piava River, the battalion functioned in a decentralised manner on several independent routes, since the commanders understood and mastered the mission command (Auftragstaktik) and mastered the skills of the new penetration tactics. In December 1917, the battalion and other units of the 14th Army were redeployed from the Italian front to a new combat assignment. Key words: First World War, Isonzo Front, Twelfth Isonzo Offensive, Württemberg Mountain Battalion, Theodor Sprösser, Erwin Rommel.

»Wüstenfuchs« und »Bluthund« in den Alpen. Erwin Rommel und Ferdinand Schörner in der Schlacht von Karfreit 1917

ZusammenfassungErwin Rommel und Ferdinand Schörner, zwei der bekanntesten Generalfeldmarschälle der Wehrmacht, kämpften im Herbst 1917 als junge Leutnants gemeinsam in der Durchbruchsschlacht von Karfreit. Für ihre Taten erhielten beide die höchste preußische Tapferkeitsauszeichnung verliehen: den Pour le Mérite. Der Aufsatz analysiert anhand der überlieferten Kriegstagebücher die genaue Rolle von Rommel und Schörner in der Schlacht. In der Tat leisteten die zwei jungen Offiziere mit ihren Kompanien einen entscheidenden Beitrag zur Einnahme des wichtigen Gebirgszugs über dem Isonzo-Tal und damit zum Gelingen der Gesamtoperation. Einerseits zeigt ihr Verhalten in der Schlacht recht deutlich ihre Charakterzüge und andererseits bietet ihr taktischer Ansatz auch einen möglichen Aufschluss für ihr späteres Agieren im Zweiten Weltkrieg auf operativer Ebene. Es spricht vieles dafür, dass Karfreit für Rommel und Schörner ein Schlüsselerlebnis in ihren Karrieren war.

Erwin Rommel and German Military Doctrine, 1912–1940

Rommel’s approach to command and his relationship with the German army’s doctrine remain subjects of lively debate. Analysis of his career prior to 1940 shows he was a highly respected figure at the centre of the army’s officer training system. Consideration of his approach during the crossing of the Meuse in May 1940 demonstrates consistency with his actions at Caporetto in 1917. Far from proving his unorthodoxy, however, comparison of this approach with the army’s official manuals suggests Rommel acted fully in accordance with doctrine. This highlights a tension within that doctrine between independence of action and wilfulness.

Field Marshal Erwin Rommel: the head injury that may have prolonged the Second World War

War-related head injury, indeed neurological injury in general, has been a part of the history of humankind for as long as there has been warfare. Such injuries can result in the removal of the individual from combat, thus eliminating any subsequent contribution that he or she might have made to the battle. However, at times, the injuries can have more wide-reaching effects. In the case of commanders or leaders, the impact of their injuries may include the loss of their influence, planning, and leadership, and thus have a disproportionate effect on the battle, or indeed the war. Field Marshal Erwin Rommel was a talented military strategist and leader who was respected by friends and foes alike. He held an honored reputation by the German people and the military leadership. His head injury on July 17, 1944, resulted in his being removed from the field of battle in northern France, but also meant that he was not able to lend his stature to the assassination attempt of Adolph Hitler on July 20. It is possible that, had he been able to lend his stature to the events, Hitler's hold on the nation's government might have been loosened, and the war might have been brought to an end a year earlier. The authors review Rommel's career, his injury, the subsequent medical treatment, and his subsequent death.

Redaksi dan Pedoman Penulisan Jurnal Media Teknik Sipil, Vol 13, No. 2, Agustus 2015

Redaksi dan Pedoman Penulisan Jurnal Media Teknik Sipil, Vol 13, No. 2, Agustus 2015ISSN 1693 - 3095PENGELOLAH “MEDIA TEKNIK SIPIL” JURUSAN TEKNIK SIPIL FAKULTAS TEKNIK UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANGVolume 13 Nomor 2, Agustus 2015Pembina : Dekan Fakultas TeknikPenanggung Jawab : Ketua JurusanPimpinan Redaksi : Ir. Erwin Rommel, MT.Tim Editor : 1. Dr. Ir. Sunarto, MT. 2. Dr. Ir. Samin, MT 3. Ir. Andi Saiful Amal, MT. 4. Rini Febri Utari, S.Pd., MT. Mitra Bestari : 1. Dr. Ir. Sri Sunarjono ( Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta) 2. Dr. Ir. Bambang Supriyadi, CES.DEA (Universitas Gajahmada) 3. Dr. Ing. Ir. Andreas Triwiyono 4. Dr. Ir. Ussy Andawayanti, MS 5. Herdin Prihantono, MT., PhD.Pelaksana Teknis : Apdani, S.Sos. Jurnal Media Teknik Sipil diterbitkan oleh Jurusan Teknik Sipil Fakultas Teknik Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang, secara berkala dengan terbit setiap bulan Februari dan Agustus, Redaksi “Media Teknik Sipil” menerima tulisan berupa artikel ilmiah dari praktisi, peneliti, akademisi, pemerhati keteknik sipilan secara luas. Untuk informasi lebih lanjut dapat ditanyakan kepada alamat redaksi. Alamat Redaksi Jurnal “Media Teknik Sipil”Jurusan Teknik Sipil Fakultas TeknikUniversitas Muhammadiyah MalangJln. Raya Tlogomas No.246 Malang 65144Telpon: (0341)464318130, Fax: (0341) 460782 E-mail : [email protected]://ejournal.umm.ac.id/index.php/jmts/issue/archive

Redaksi & Panduan Jurnal Media Teknik Sipil Volume 13 Nomor 1, Februari 2015

RedaksiPENGELOLAH “MEDIA TEKNIK SIPIL” JURUSAN TEKNIK SIPIL FAKULTAS TEKNIK UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANGVolume 13 Nomor 1, Februari 2015Pembina : Dekan Fakultas TeknikPenanggung Jawab : Ketua JurusanPimpinan Redaksi : Ir. Erwin Rommel, MT.Tim Editor : 1. Dr. Ir. Sunarto, MT. 2. Dr. Ir. Samin, MT 3. Ir. Andi Saiful Amal, MT. 4. Rini Febri Utari, S.Pd., MT. Mitra Bestari : 1. Dr. Ir. Lily Montarcih Limantara, M.Sc. (Universitas Brawijaya) 2. Dr. Ir. Sri Sunarjono ( Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta) 3. Dr. Ir. Bambang Supriyadi, CES.DEA (Universitas Gajahmada)Pelaksana Teknis : Apdani, S.Sos.

PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN SERAT HIGH DENSITY POLYETHYLENE (HDPE) PADA CAMPURAN BETON TERHADAP KUAT TARIK BETON

PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN SERAT HIGH DENSITYPOLYETHYLENE (HDPE) PADA CAMPURAN BETON TERHADAPKUAT TARIK BETON1)Erwin Rommel, 2)Yunan Rusdianto, 3)Anita Kurniati1,2,3)Jurusan Teknik Sipil Fakultas Teknik Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang3)Alumni Teknik Sipil FT-UMMemail : [email protected] on the addition of HDPE fibers in normal concrete is intended to determine therelationship between the percentage of variation of fiber addition of HDPE to the workability, tensilestrength and determine the pattern of deployment of fiber in concrete. The addition of HDPE fibersis intended to increase the tensile strength of concrete.The concrete was mixed using gresik cement type PPC, sand with the gradation limits zone 2,the gravel with a maximum grain size of 20 mm, and HDPE fibers with a width of 0.5 cm and 2.5cm long. Variations in the addition of HDPE fibers are 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%,9%, 10% of the volume of the mixture. Tensile strength testing performed with a cylindrical testpiece with a diameter of 150 mm and 300 mm height at the age of 28 days of the test object. Tensilestrength of concrete data analysis using regression analysis.The results showed that the addition of HDPE fibers can increase the value of tensile strengthsides. There is a strong pull on the sides of the optimum levels of 4% with a tensile strength of 2.86MPa increased by 18%Key words: Concrete, HDPE fibers, Tensile strength

El mito, la propaganda y la redención en Rommel, el zorro del desierto (1951)

En 1950 habían transcurrido únicamente cinco años desde el fin de la Segunda Guerra Mundial. El mundo había cambiado y se dividía en dos bloques antagonistas liderados por Estados Unidos y la Unión Soviética, respectivamente. Ese año se publicaba la exitosa biografía de unos de los militares más emblemáticos de la contienda, el mariscal de campo Erwin Rommel, escrita por el oficial británico Desmond Young. Y un año más tarde, inspirándose en esta obra, sería rodado el filme del que nos ocupamos, Rommel, el zorro del desierto (1951), de Henry Hathaway.¿Cómo era posible que el cine americano se ocupara de retratar y glorificar a un militar alemán antes que a uno propio? La intención era clara. El pasado servía, en este caso, para revitalizar la imagen de la sociedad alemana y reincorporarla a las potencias Occidentales frente al peligro soviético. No debemos olvidar que las películas son agentes de la historia. Este artículo pretende, por ello, analizar sus claves.