4. Detention in the police station

This chapter examines the effectiveness of the checks, controls, and safeguards provided for suspects in police detention, including for suspects considered to be vulnerable by the police. It also evaluates the effect of the European Convention on Human Rights and the Human Rights Act 1998. The discussions cover the powers and duties of custody officers and detention officers; length of detention without charge; suspects’ rights including the right to legal advice and the rights of vulnerable suspects; the purpose of and experiences of police detention; and deaths in police custody.

The Role of Organizational Culture and Climate for Well-Being among Police Custody Personnel: A Multilevel Examination

United Kingdom Police custody is one of the most challenging of work environments, liable to excessive demands and reduced well-being. Being difficult to access, it is also a much-neglected area of research that has focused on one or two roles, rather than the full range available, and on individual-level research, rather than a more comprehensive multilevel understanding of how organizational culture and climate can simultaneously influence a range of well-being outcomes. The present longitudinal study explored all types of roles, in both the public and private sectors, across seven English police forces and 26 custody sites (N = 333, response rate 46.57%, with repeated returns = 370). The Integrated Multilevel Model of Organizational Culture and Climate (IMMOCC) was applied to examine the organizational-level influences on individual well-being. Results indicated that (1) custody sergeants were most vulnerable to low well-being, followed by publicly contracted detention officers; (2) shared leadership (a source of team cohesion) was linked to four of six well-being outcomes; (3) two sub-components of culture reflected tensions never acknowledged before, especially in respect of role; and (4) reverse relationships existed between well-being outcomes and the dimensions of culture and climate. The findings inform practical recommendations, including resilience training and the need to raise the status of police custody, while also highlighting concerns about private sector scrutiny that may be relevant to other professions.

Attitudes toward Rehabilitation and Punishment Orientations among Juvenile Detention and Probation Officers

The purpose of this paper was to explore the individual factors, job perceptions, and organizational characteristics that predict rehabilitation and punishment orientations among juvenile detention and probation staff members. Our results indicated juvenile officers who reported more education, less job ambiguity, and more adequate safety training were more likely to indicate preference for a rehabilitation orientation. However, those who reported less education, worked in detention rather than probation, and had higher job ambiguity were more likely to hold a punishment orientation. Finally, individual characteristics had a greater impact on both rehabilitation and punishment than either job perceptions or organizational factors. These results provide useful information for agencies about staff perceptions, which may in turn impact their interactions with and decision-making related to juvenile offenders under their supervision. Keywords: juvenile detention officers, juvenile probation officers, community corrections, punishment orientation, rehabilitation orientation, professional orientation.

Negative Impact of the Job: Secondary Trauma Among Juvenile Detention and Juvenile Probation Officers

The purpose of this article is to extend the existing literature on the workplace experiences of staff who work with juvenile offenders. We do this by assessing the extent of secondary trauma among a sample of juvenile detention officers and juvenile probation officers, and examine whether or not predictors of secondary trauma differ by position. Ordinary least squares (OLS) regression results based on a survey of 298 staff reveal that secondary trauma is relatively low among both juvenile detention officers and juvenile court/probation officers. Additionally, results indicate predictors of secondary trauma differ for each of these job positions. Experiencing threat or harm from offenders increased secondary trauma for detention officers but not for probation/court officers. However, having a higher level of education and input into decision-making decreased secondary trauma for probation/court officers, but not for detention officers. Greater support from coworkers led to decreased secondary trauma for both detention and probation/court officers. Implications for detention and probation agencies include efforts to improve supervisor and coworker support, as well as debriefing sessions after threat of harm incidents have occurred.

Prison Authority and the ‘Inmate Elites’

This chapter examines former drug detainees’ experiences of everyday life in the prisons. I look specifically at the power relationship between the detention officers and the powerful inmates (whom I referred to as the ‘inmate elites’) in laojiao/qiangge. On the basis of their power relations, this chapter argues that the prison officers’ concerns for maintaining control and the pressure on making profit had far superseded the concerns for drug rehabilitation. This further added to the former prisoners’ feelings of unfairness and injustice and more deeply entrenched the systematic hypocrisy.

VALUES, SIGNIFICANCE AND MOTIVATION AT WORK OF PRISON OFFICERS OF TWO DETENTION CENTERS IN BRAZIL

The constructs values, significance of work and motivation represent key aspects to be considered in the career of any professional. In this study, the researchers’ interest was focused on detention officers working in prisons in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. Chiefly, the study aimed to investigate the prison officers’ values, motivation, significance of work based on their viewpoints. The study had 137 participants, of which 36 were female officers and 101 male officers. The methodological design of this research characterizes it as an applied, cross-sectional, descriptive, and quantitative survey. The instruments for data collection were the following: a sociodemographic questionnaire developed by the researchers for characterization of the sample; the Work Values Scale (WVS), validated in Brazil by Porto and Tamayo (2003), and the Inventory of Work Motivation and Meaning (IWMM), validated in Brazil by Borges and Alves Filho (2003). For data analysis, resources of descriptive statistics were used. Thus, this study took up the challenge of being a dialectical approach to the phenomenon in focus, based on the conception of work in a prison setting. The results show that to achieve professional stability, earn fair economic rewards and take up responsibilities are aspects of vital importance for the majority of the prison officers. The significance of work is directly associated with personal and family survival and the responsibility that they have both in the work and family contexts. Their motivation is associated with security and dignity. The main work-related aspect valued by prison officers is stability and the less important is prestige. At the end of the process of researching and producing knowledge, it is important to emphasize that important aspects about the prison officers’ work relations emerged, an activity that is intertwined by social stigmas that can affect all their living environments.

ERADICATION OF WILD LEVELS IN PUBLIC SERVICES IN BANDUNG CLASS I ROUTINE

Illegal levies have been ingrained in the correctional ranks that exist throughout Indonesia. This has become a bad precedent for socialization in the community. With this, it is necessary to improve the integrity and transparent public service system that is provided to service recipient communities to improve public trust in correctional services in prisons and detention centers in Indonesia. Services that can be provided to service recipient communities are services that can be seen directly from the results and transparency in realizing excellent service and quality. Services that are a complaint against indications of illegal levies in prisons and detention are services to visits (bezel), remission proposals, assimilation, conditional leave, free explanatory leave, paid release, and the provision of other services needed by the community and prisoners. To get information that is as clear as possible, this study uses descriptive qualitative research methods by measuring the behavior of officers, prisoners, and prisoners. The research uses in-depth interview methods to visitors (bezel), to prisoners and prisoners as data sampling and direct observation in the Class I Prison in Bandung to find out the actual conditions in the research locus. The results of the study indicate the need for strengthening commitment with all levels of officials and officers in the Bandung Klas I Prison in eradicating illegal levies in providing services, increasing commitment and integrity in services, providing Information technology-based services and strict supervision of the giving of prisoners' rights. Realizing principles and regulations are necessary to provide guidance and training for all Klas I Bandung detention officers to strengthen Integrity in the implementation of tasks. With training and education can provide strength and insight for officers to be able to build integrity and commitment to good service in prison.

Police legitimacy in context: an exploration of “soft” power in police custody in England

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine how police authority – in its “soft” form – is used and understood by staff and detainees in police custody in England, examining how these meanings are shaped by this unique police setting. It is argued that the nature of this setting, as fraught and uncertain, along with the large volume of citizens who come into contact with the police therein, makes police custody the ultimate “teachable moment”. Design/methodology/approach The present paper is based on in-depth qualitative data collected between March 2014 and May 2015 in four custody suites (in four forces). In each site, the researchers spent three to four weeks observing and then interviewed 10-15 staff (largely police officers, detention officers but also a few other criminal justice practitioners) and 10-15 detainees. In total, the paper is based on 532 hours of observing and 97 interviews (47 with staff and 50 with detainees). Findings One way that the staff used their authority in the custody suites in the research was softly and innocuously; this entailed for example staff communicating in a respectful manner with detainees, such as by being deliberately polite. The authors conclude that this “soft” power was a dynamic, processual matter, shaped in particular by the physical conditions of the suite, the uncertain and insecure nature of detainees’ circumstances, as well as by the sense of disempowerment they felt as a result of being deprived of their liberty and autonomy, all of which contributed to police custody being the ultimate “teachable moment”. Originality/value The paper draws on a range of qualitative data collected from both staff and detainees in four types of police custody suites as part the “good” police custody study. It therefore makes an original contribution to the field which has tended to rely on cross-sectional surveys of citizens not policed populations (Harkin, 2015; Worden and Mclean, 2017).

Representative Bureaucracy and Youth Violence in Juvenile Detention Facilities

This exploratory study uses the representative bureaucracy theory to consider the racial representative role, which suggests that administrators who are minorities are more inclined to represent minority interests. This research examined if racial identity and gender was related to detention officers’ perceptions of themselves as advocates for same race and same gender to incarcerated youth and to understand what they perceive are the causes for youth violence. A qualitative study was done on individuals who worked with inmates at the Los Angeles County juvenile detention facilities. The grounded theory approach was used for data analysis by observing common responses among participants. The results of this analysis indicate that detention officers are more likely to pursue the advocate role, especially when officers share the same race and gender to minors.