Implementation of Inclusive Child Friendly Primary Schools Policy in Nyandarua County, Kenya

The main problem addressed by this study was the implementation of inclusive child friendly primary schools policy in Nyandarua County. The Inclusive Child Friendly Schools (CFS) policy has become the vehicle through which the government is providing quality education for all children in school by creating a learning environment where all children can learn, all children want to learn, and all children feel included in the classrooms and schools. However, studies show that the conditions in schools are not adequately adapted to accommodate the diversity of learners and even many more children of school going age are left out of school. These challenges generated the objectives of the study which were to examine the practice in public primary schools in line with the inclusive CFS policy and suggestion of appropriate strategies for implementation of inclusive CFS in public primary schools. To achieve this, the study utilized a descriptive survey using both qualitative and quantitative methods. Data collection instruments entailed questionnaires, interview schedule, focus group discussions, observation schedule and document analysis which were first piloted to improve validity and reliability and the accruing data was then analyzed thematically as per the study objectives. The findings of the study indicated that there was a substantial gap between CFS policy expectations and its actual day to day practice in the schools. Schools had the CFS messages engraved but had not made a significant alteration in the line with the policy. From these study findings, the paper presented several policy recommendations including adopting CFS policy to internal contexts so that individual schools look for ways of developing and utilizing selfassessment indicators of CFS at the school levels. Though the area of CFS is relatively new, it was hoped the study could shed light on the way forward for inclusive child friendly school programme in Kenya.

Cooperative Game Analysis of the Establishment of Global Climate Partnership

The selection of global climate partners and the establishment of global climate partnership touch vital interests all over the world. Under the global climate game, the cooperation and confrontation behavior among contracting parties is analyzed in the course of establishment of global climate partnership. Taken as a whole, the complex game process of the establishment of global climate partnership is submitted to analysis according to game theory. In the meantime, a partner selection model of climate cooperative partnership is built and some phenomena of the benefit struggles are explained in detail and policy and suggestion are drawn.

2010 environmental update

Focusing on Australian projects, this paper provides a summary of the key environmental challenges and developments that arose in 2010 and the industry’s response. The paper considers: developments in legislation and the regulatory environment relating to environmental approvals and management; major project approvals and their environmental requirements and implications; key environmental incidents; and reviews new environmental research and management initiatives that were introduced by the industry. A number of states have introduced changes to the way legislation and regulations are interpreted through changes to guidelines and administrative procedures. There has been a general increase in the standard and level of information that regulators expect proponents to provide and while generally these expectations are documented in guidelines and other documents, in some instances there has been a perceived ‘moving of the goal posts’ without clear guidance on what is expected and how the information will be considered once provided. There has been a number of major projects either commencing or gaining environmental approval in 2010. This includes major projects: in Western Australia, on the North West Shelf and in the Timor Sea/Browse Basin; onshore in Queensland in the coal-seam gas fields and continued exploration and development both onshore and offshore around Australia. One of the most significant approvals in 2010 was the Prelude LNG Project–the first approval in Australia of floating LNG technology. Major environmental incidents in 2009 (Montara in Australia and Macondo in the USA) continued to have repercussions in 2010 with the draft government response to the Report of the Montara Commission of Inquiry released in November. These incidents have put the oil and gas industry under the spotlight and this paper looks at some of the statistics on the frequency and severity of environmental incidents, albeit at a high level. Finally, the industry has continued to implement a number of environmentally related initiatives both in response to government policy and suggestion and independently through groups such as the APPEA environment committee.