5G Standalone and 4G Multi-Carrier Network-in-a-Box Using a Software Defined Radio Framework

In this work, an open Radio Access Network (RAN), compatible, scalable and highly flexible Software Defined Radio (SDR)-based Remote Radio Head (RRH) framework is proposed and designed. Such framework can be used to implement flexible wideband radio solutions, which can be deployed in any region, have common radio management features, and support various channel bandwidths. Moreover, it enables easier access for researchers to nonsimulated cellular networks, reduce system development time, provide test and measurement capabilities, and support existing and emerging wireless communication technologies. The performance of the proposed SDR framework is validated by creating a Network-in-a-Box (NIB) that can operate in multiband multicarrier 4G or 5G standalone (SA) configurations, with an output power of up to 33 dBm. Measurement results show, that the 4G and 5G NIB can achieve, respectively, up to 883 Mbps and 765 Mbps downlink data transfer speeds for a 100 MHz aggregated bandwidth. However, if six carriers are used in the 4G NIB, 1062 Mbps downlink data transfer speed can be achieved. When single user equipment (UE) is used, maximum uplink data transfer speed is 65.8 Mbps and 92.6 Mbps in case of 4G and 5G, respectively. The average packet latency in case of 5G is up to 45.1% lower than 4G. CPU load by the eNodeB and gNodeB is proportional to occupied bandwidth, but under the same aggregated DL bandwidth conditions, gNodeB load on the CPU is lower. Moreover, if only 1 UE is active, under same aggregated bandwidth conditions, the EPC CPU load is up to four times lower than the 5GC.

Local language programs in cultural radios to maintain Indonesian national identity

Private radio, which relies on programs with local cultural content in local languages, affects the success of reaching large audiences and financial benefits. In East Java, four private radios have the advantage of local cultural programs, namely Radio Jodhipati FM in Nganjuk, Radio Sritanjung FM in Banyuwangi, Radio Nada FM Sumenep, and Radio Media FM in Surabaya. This study aims to determine what cultural programs can increase the number of listeners and profitability on the four cultural radios. Furthermore, to find out why listeners like local cultural programs of each radio. This research on broadcast content on four cultural radios uses virtual ethnographic methods by collecting data, both offline and online. Researchers are involved in broadcasting activities on four cultural radios (offline) and listener interaction activities in the virtual world (online), namely Facebook and WhatsApp. This study conducted interviews with twelve informants representing radio management, local cultural figures, and loyal listeners. The results showed that each radio has excellent cultural programs with a solid appeal to maintain listener loyalty. The four cultural radios involve cultural experts in designing cultural programs. Listeners try to maintain local tastes because they realize that love for local culture is a strengthening of national identity, which is the richness of Indonesian culture.

Manajemen Periklanan Star Radio dalam Menjaga Loyalitas Pengiklan

The development of the digital era that brings a new lifestyle, it certainly has an impact on other communication media. One of the communication media that feels this impact is radio. Radio listeners in the community are increasingly declining. However, beyond that, there are still many radio stations that are still able to maintain their existence, namely Star Radio Tangerang. Although it has experienced a phase of ups and downs, Star Radio Tangerang has successfully maintained its existence by collaborating with old media and new media. Star Radio Tangerang advertises interesting programs in accordance with the wishes of advertisers and provides these advertisements to their listeners and ends up as an additional attraction to grow the loyalty of advertisers and listeners. The success of Star Radio Tangerang cannot be separated from the role of advertising management. By using a qualitative descriptive method, the research would like to describe how the efforts of Star Radio Tangerang in maintaining Advertiser Loyalty. The data analyzed are the results of interviews with four Star Radio sources, direct observations of Star Radio broadcasting, as well as a review of documents relating to Star Radio advertising management. The results of this study indicate that Star Radio management has implemented the stages and management strategies in the process of making advertisements optimally. In addition, Star Radio also strives to optimize communication with advertising and to use after sales services in an effort to form advertiser loyalty.Dengan berkembangnya era digital yang menghadirkan gaya hidup baru, tentu memberikan dampak pada media komunikasi lainnya. Salah satu media komunikasi yang merasakan dampak ini adalah radio. Pendengar radio di masyarakat kian hari kian menurun. Namun, di luar itu semua masih banyak stasiun radio yang tetap mampu mempertahankan eksistensinya, yaitu Star Radio Tangerang. Meskipun pernah mengalami fase naik-turun, Star Radio Tangerang sukses mempertahankan eksistensinya dengan melakukan kerjasama antara media lama dengan media baru. Star Radio Tanggerang mengiklankan program-program yang menarik sesuai dengan keinginan pengiklan dan memberikan iklan tersebut kepada para pendengarnya dan berujung sebagai daya tarik tambahan untuk menumbuhkan loyalitas pengiklan dan pendengar. Kesuksesan Star Radio Tangerang ini tidak lepas dari peran serta manajemen periklanan. Dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif, penelitian ingin menguraikan bagaimana upaya manajemen Periklanan Star Radio di Tangerang dalam menjaga Loyalitas Pengiklan. Data yang dianalisis merupakan hasil wawancara dengan empat narasumber Star Radio, pengamatan langsung penyiaran Star Radio, serta telaah dokumen yang berkaitan dengan manajemen periklanan Star Radio. Adapun hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa manajemen Star Radio telah menerapkan tahapan-tahapan dan strategi manajemen dalam proses pembuatan iklan secara optimal. Selain itu, Star Radio juga mengupayakan optimalisasi komunikasi dengan periklanan serta menggunakan layanan after sales dalam usahanya membentuk loyalitas pengiklan.

MUSIC ON THE SOCIALIST BULGARIAN RADIO AS A TOOL FOR ESTABLISHING THE NATIONAL (SOCIALIST) IDENTITY

The text deals with the problems related to the Bulgarian state radio strivings during the socialism period to assist in the establishment of the national identity through the prism of the particular issue of music broadcasts. The analysis is based on archival documents consisting of minutes of the meetings of radio management, as well as relevant documents from the Bulgarian Communist Party archives. The question about the ratio of Bulgarian to foreign music on the radio not only as an element of media cultural significance but also as a national state policy arises. The presence of Western music on the radio program is studied as a result of the pressure exerted from public and state power.

NB-IoT for Localization and Target Detection

Narrowband internet of things (NB-IoT) is a low power wide area network technology with numerous benefits over conventional technologies. The main advantages of NB-IoT are low-power, low-cost, long battery life, wider deployment, and many more. Along with these advantages, knowledge of the location of the devices for both the indoor and outdoor environments will have an added benefit for NB-IoT applications. The current global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) chipsets will drain the limited available battery and will not be useful for localization in NB-IoT applications while the global positioning system (GPS) applications accuracy is not enough to support NB-IoT applications. For NB-IoT implementation, having low per-unit cost of the devices is an important aspect along with other features mentioned earlier, and hence there is a need to have limited hardware components like processor, battery, and memory. Therefore, the main challenge for enabling a positioning system lies in the proper radio management and balancing of power consumption against the performance of the system. In this chapter, different localization methods, techniques, and metrics are discussed. The choice of each one of these depends on the application requirement. The standardization of NB-IoT is in the process and its current status as per the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) specifications are also highlighted.

PEMETAAN TATA KELOLA INFRASTRUKTUR PENYIARAN RADIO SWASTA DI DKI JAKARTA

<p><em>The aims of this study is to conduct mapping related to the implementation of governance of private radio broadcasting in DKI Jakarta. This is interesting to do because there are many complaints from the public that the management of broadcast media in Jakarta, especially the Radio Private Broadcasting Institutions, deviates much from the rules stipulated in Law no. 32 of 2002 concerning Broadcasting. This research is a quantitative research with descriptive type that tries to see how the implementation of private radio management in Jakarta as the dependent variable. While the components seen are administrative data, broadcast program data,</em><em> facilities </em><em>and infrastructure development, and staffing data. The results obtained indicate that there are many irregularities in radio broadcasting management in DKI Jakarta, including related to share ownership by employees, time allocation for public service announcements, certified employees and ownership of standard infrastructure for broadcasting.</em></p><p> </p>

The shifting role of the listeners in the mediamorphosis process of culture radio: A case study of Jodhipati 106.1 FM

The adaptation of the use of communication technology towards media convergence (mediamorphosis) makes it a necessity for radio to change. Jodhipati FM, a commercial radio station in Nganjuk Regency which declared its identity as a Javanese cultural radio station, has also made the change. The uniqueness of Jodhipati FM to broadcast 100% Javanese cultural programs originated from the demands of listeners to listen to the wayang kulit (leather puppet) program. The close interaction and relationships between the listeners and radio management has made every change in Jodhipati FM driven by the interests of the listeners. This qualitative research collected data through a virtual ethnography supplemented by participant observation and in-depth interviews with nine informants. The results found there to be a mediamorphosis pattern that explains the stages of Jodhipati FM’s change and the influence of the listeners’ demands, from the early history of its establishment through to the present. At present, Jodhipati FM uses Facebook, streaming and WhatsApp as broadcast support. In interactive engagement between the listeners and radio management in the virtual world, both parties have an equal role as media producers. In the life of a networked society, the listener experiences a shift in role and characteristics. Apart from acting as the media producer, the radio listeners are involved in programming, they are free to criticize and they are also free to look for sponsors and advertisements. The characteristics of the listener have also changed. They become physically visible, their voices are heard, their personalities are revealed, they live in various social networks, age restrictions disappear, there are no territorial boundaries and there are no time limits. As a cultural radio station, Jodhipati FM has the advantage of being able to preserve and spread Javanese culture throughout the world.

PERGESERAN PERAN DAN FUNGSI RADIO SUARA SURABAYA DARI RADIO INFORMASI MENJADI RADIO PENGADUAN

This study aims to identify factors causing the shift function of Radio Suara Surabaya. This research also explains the reason for the shift to occur. In examining the shift of Radio Suara Surabaya function from its original function and why the shift occurred, the researcher uses a qualitative research approach with descriptive research type. In the early stages of this study, the researchers identified the initial function of the establishment of Radio Suara Surabaya as an information radio. Furthermore, it describes the shift of voice function of Radio Suara Surabaya into a grievance function. Finally the researchers identified the reason for the radio function shift. At the stage to maintain the credibility of research data, researchers conducted data triangulation by conducting literature studies on radio and radio management.