PECULIARITIES OF PREPARING OF CHILDREN WITH SPECIAL EDUCATIONAL NEEDS TO SCHOOL

The development of inclusive education in Ukraine is gaining momentum. Mechanisms for organizing a comfortable educational environment in educational institutions are being actively developed in recent years. The issue of developing effective strategies, methods, techniques for inclusive education in educational institutions is acuted. New approaches to education and upbringing of children with different types of educational difficulties, activation of their potential, development of their individual capabilities, satisfaction of their needs and interests; technologies of successful integration of children with special educational needs into the educational space of secondary school, etc. are developed. It has been proved by foreign researchers that the properly organized preparation of children with special educational needs for schooling in preschool institutions facilitates the process of adaptation and improves the process of learning. Therefore, the article actualizes and characterizes the peculiarities of preparing a child with special educational needs to study in general secondary education. Based on the analysis of a number of scientific papers published in the public domain Google Scholar, it has been identified a number of features that should be considered when preparing a child with special needs for school studying. Among them: 1) the development and implementation in the institution of preschool education: the individual educational program of preparation of a child with special needs for schooling, taking into account the individual characteristics of each child; individual development program taking into account the recommendations proposed by the Inclusive Resource Center in the conclusion on the comprehensive assessment of child development; individual curriculum for working with a child with special educational needs, which contains information about the list of services need to be provided to the child, adaptations and/or modifications necessary for the child; 2) development of pedagogical workers’ professional competencies necessary for working with children with special educational needs; 3) ensuring the effectiveness of the process of psychological support of a child with special educational needs in preparation for school.

Tutorial support of professional and personal development of young specialists

The article analyzes tutoring as a pedagogical phenomenon, a particular type of pedagogical activity, which is aimed at supporting and accompanying a young specialist in the process of their work in the first years of their professional activity. Attention is drawn to the fact that tutoring is aimed at a comprehensive, systematic, holistic, comprehensive, and effective study of individual characteristics of young professionals in order to develop and implement an individual educational program of professional and diverse personal development. The effectiveness of organizational and methodological principles of tutoring of young professionals in the institution of general secondary education of Ukraine according to certain criteria (organizational, motivational, pedagogical-procedural, psychological-procedural, information-technological, methodical-procedural, communicative, and cognitive ones) based on analysis, systematization, and summarizing the results of a pedagogical experiment at the national level on the topic: “Tutoring technology as a means of implementing the principle of individualization in education,” which was held in 2015–2020 (orders of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine as of 15.07.2015 No 764 and as of 04.12.2020 No 1499). It is proved that the tutor (mentoring teacher) does not choose goals for the young specialist but only helps him to see alternative ways to achieve them; assists in the development of necessary personal traits and professional competencies. The results of the research and experimental work showed that a young specialist forms into a professional due to the joint work of a tutor with a young specialist based on the use of tutoring technology and the support of the administration and the psychologist of the educational institution. The tutor creates an educational environment that allows a young specialist to gain new knowledge and skills, helps to solve certain problems in their activities. At the same time, the tutor helps to make the most effective use of various scientific and methodological materials, the Internet, and the practical experience of other young specialists.

Bachelor of education model: integration of approaches

Introduction. The relevance of the research is due to the contradiction between the high demand of the society to the teacher professional competence level and unclear conceptualization of teacher training institutes concerning the summarized results of the professional training of Bachelor’s Degree students. Modern labor market gives a chance to a teacher not only to teach a subject or to work as a form master but to become a specialist in business administration, a researcher, or an edupreneur. A future teacher, when being a university student, should realize his/her chances, abilities, personal and professional prospects and choose the main direction of the professional training program. The research is aimed to create a generalized Model of a university grad (Bachelor of Education) in accordance with integrated methodological approaches to learning outcomes problem analyses. Materials and methods. The research is based on the method of theoretical analysis, synthesis, generalization, analytical modelling, review and literal analysis, method of expert assessment, brainstorm, Belgorod State University professors’ and students’ needs assessment survey. The authors made an attempt to establish theoretical Bachelor of Education Model through an integrated methodology, in particular, through the ideas and conceptions of the following approaches: competency-based, polysubjective, and prosocial. Research results. The authors present the Bachelor of Education Model as a scientific-based image of a future teacher, expressed in terms of integrated systemic competency combining cross-functional, general professional and special competencies as well as appropriate educational programs promoting a set of dominant competences. Conclusion. The Bachelor of Education Model, mentioned in the article, can stimulate higher education establishments to rethink the main strategies of future teacher professional training in accordance with individual educational program track and asynchronous educational process.

Evolution of scientific ideas about giftedness

Currently, working with gifted children is one of the priority areas of work in the country and regions. Special attention is paid to this issue in the construction of an all-Russian system for the identification, support and development of abilities and talents in children and youth. One of the key substantive guidelines and at the same time mandatory for the implementation of state program documents in the system of working with gifted children was the federal project “Success of each child,” implemented as part of the national project “Education.” In a modern school, the issue of individualization of the educational process and the work of identifying and supporting gifted children is becoming more and more urgent - two important priorities of modern educational policy, which are closely related because, on the one hand, work on the development and disclosure of talent almost always requires an individual approach, and on the other hand, any individualization always, directly or indirectly, helps school student to believe in forces. The article analyses scientific ideas about giftedness as a set of personal characteristics that have developed independently of the will of the person himself and, especially, his teacher-mentors; the phenomenon of giftedness is considered in terms of the outstanding abilities of a particular person (child) given to him by nature and requiring timely development and targeted support through professional pedagogical tools. It is proposed to consideration of the author’s definition of an individual educational program (IOP), which involves the construction by an adult of a system of educational activity as a model of the personal world, a personal universe, which at the same time allows this person to realize potential - and is itself the product of his ideas and actions.

INDIVIDUAL EDUCATIONAL TRAJECTORY OF STUDENTS IN THE PROFILE SENIOR SCHOOL OF ART AND AESTHETIC FIELD OF TRAINING

The formula of the New Ukrainian School consists of nine key components, one of which is a personality-oriented model of education based on the child-centered ideas. This implies the maximum approximation of education and upbringing of a particular child to his essence, abilities and life plans, providing moral and psychological comfort, refusal to focus the educational process on the «average» student. Therefore, today in pedagogy the problem of individual educational trajectory of youth is actively discussed, which makes it possible to create conditions for the harmonious development of the individual, to meet his educational needs. In general, the concept of individualization of the educational trajectory of students is associated with the process of identifying and developing their abilities, the realization of their own educational goals that meet the needs, opportunities, motivation, interests of modern youth. The purpose of the article is to reveal the features of the formation of the individual educational trajectory of the student in the profile senior school of artistic and aesthetic field of training. Artistic and aesthetic field of specialized training is connected with the core of creative industries (literature, music, fine arts, cinema, television, radio, video and computer games, advertising, architecture, design, fashion, etc.), so it is important to personalize educational path of gifted students with a focus on unleashing their creative potential. The formation of individual educational trajectories of students of the artistic and aesthetic field of specialized education begins with the definition of their life plans, hopes for the future and consists of four stages. The first stage is the study of needs, interests, requests, personal characteristics of students. The second stage is associated with the creation of an individual educational program, which involves the definition of long-term goals; conceptual strategies and approaches to creative development, indicators of their achievements, as well as the selection of content and forms of training. Within the third stage there is a correction of pedagogical influences, creation of a positive pedagogical environment around students, elimination of organizational shortcomings, psychological and pedagogical support of senior students’ creative development is carried out. The fourth stage is related to pedagogical monitoring, which is carried out in order to ensure the quality of this process.

Collective training on individual programs: worldview, concept and practices

The author proposes to consider the relationship of social and individual in the form of a triangle with vertices: «loneliness among others,» «all as one» («system»), «complex cooperation of personalities». Individual and truly collective are in a relationship of unity and harmony, and do not confront each other. There is a danger of choosing from two evils: the pole of absolute autonomy or the pole of personal-social unification. Meaningful socialization has two alternatives: «system» and «collective». The need to build educational communities on a collectivist basis is due to political, socio-pedagogical and psychological reasons. The worldviews of pedagogical activity in the system of collective education are revealed, in particular, the value principle «Man is the main goal and the main means of a fruitful educational environment», the activity principle «Everyone is the goal, everyone is the means», the principle of joint existence «Cooperation is the leading type of relationship». The individual educational program is interpreted as the student's ideas about his upcoming educational activities, formed by him in collaboration with other students and teachers. An individual program differs from a «single» program, compiled by a student individually or paired with a tutor, and then implemented autonomously or according tothe principle of a supermarket. In the individual program, educational, club and production blocks are allocated. Conceptual provisions on the system of collective education are disclosed: specific principles of training organization; basic processes (educational, club, production, reflexive-planning); structural units – temporary cooperation of students and teachers, permanent detachments of students, a council of commanders, teacher cooperation, a general gathering of the team; special morphology of teachers – subject, «duty» teacher, didacto-technician, assistant. Four levels of organization of collective education are distinguished: samples, alternating training, constant training in individual segments of an educational institution and collective training throughout the institution. Practical options are called, in particular, a subject-methodological vacation school, multi-day immersion, a «day» without classes and lessons, a different-age group on one subject, a different-age group in the afternoon, a different-age team of a full day.

Designing an individual educational program activities of undergraduates

Ensuring the subject position of a student, and especially a master’s student, is one of the most pressing problems of modern training of teaching staff. The purpose of the article is to present the experience of designing individual educational activities of undergraduates as a subject-oriented technology. Research methods used: literature analysis, study and generalization of experience, observation, focus group, survey, conversation. The article defnes the concepts of «individual educational activity» (IOD), « designing individual educational activities»; the article considers the essence and principles of designing individual educational activities of undergraduates, describes the main projects of IOD (plan, program, route), highlights and reveals the main stages of designing individual educational activities of undergraduates: preparatory, motivational and diagnostic, understanding and analysis, goal setting and planning, implementation of individual educational projects, evaluation and analysis of achievements, making adjustments to projects of individual educational activities. It shows the use of a number of pedagogical tools that are used in the design of individual educational activities: cluster, portfolio, mapping, tutorial, etc. The conditions that ensure the success of designing individual educational activities of undergraduates are called.

The Formation of the Tutor’s Role in the School as an Indicator of Social Expectations from Educating Children in a Private School (on the Example of Horoshkola)

Nowadays, attitude towards childhood is changing, the value of individual development of the child is intensifying. The demand for the construction and maintenance of individual educational path is increasing. This creates a demand for new professional duties, including support of the individual educational program delegated to the profession of a tutor. The study aims to identify the social roles of the tutor in the first year of formation of the educational community of a private school. The hypothesis of the study: within the process of active formation of social community of the new school tutor, while interacting with parents, teachers and administration, takes on a number of informal duties associated with individual work with the student in excess of educational tasks. The qualitative research strategy was applied due to the need for in-depth analysis and identification of cause-and-effect relationships and hidden meanings in the system of social interactions. The sample (21 people) included representatives of various social roles: tutors — 8 persons; parents of pupils — 5 persons; representatives of administration — 3 persons; subject teachers — 3 persons; psychologists — 2 persons. Data gathering was carried out by the method of in-depth semi-formalized interview based on the developed research program (40 initial questions). It was revealed that the role-based set of duties of the tutor in the new school is not a given characteristic of the profession in question, but is a product of contexts and interactions that form the content of a unique institution under conditions of emerging communications, events and school’s way of life. At the end of the first cycle of life of the educational community of the school a wide range of roles of the tutor was formed, which actualizes the task of professional self-determination of the tutor in the system of social interactions.

Manajemen Pendidikan Khusus di Sekolah Luar Biasa Untuk Anak Autis

This study aims to determine the implementation of special education management at Special School for Autism. This research is descriptive qualitative research. The speakers in this research are the principal and two teachers at Special School for Autism in Karanganyar. Data were collected by interview, observation, and documentation. Data analysis techniques using Miles and Huberman models. There are three steps in this model, namely data reduction, data display, and conclusion. The implementation of special education management at Special School for Autism in coordination by a principal. In planning educational programs, tailored to the ability of each autistic student using IEP (Individual Educational Program). The school has an organizational structure that works in accordance with its duties. The principal is in charge of coordinating school management, while the teacher is responsible for the management of the class. Special School for Autism is a recently established school. The condition of autistic students who have different characteristics, the location of the foundation's office with the school is very far away, and the entry of students with different disorder conditions with autistic students makes the implementation of education management in Special School for Autism not running optimally. Therefore, schools have made efforts to minimize these barriers.