Pedagogical appreciation of juvenile aggressiveness: socio-perceptive aspects and readiness of interference

Introduction. The topicality of the research is caused by both traditions of the scientific research of pedagogical social perception and extremely high degree of attention on the side of political, professional and expert community to the problem of education. The pedagogical study of aggression plays an important role in understanding of the strategy for developing programs of improving professional competence of pedagogues and specialists in the sphere of prevention of juvenile delinquent behavior. Aim. Some research problems were examined in order to find the answers to the following problems: the facts that prove aggressive juvenile delinquent behavior, the reasons of juvenile behavior, the reaction of pedagogues on conflict situations and their emotions when they confront situations of aggressive behavior. Methodology and methods. In the process of research different methods were used such as psychological tests, different types of questionnaires and others. More than 13000 of pedagogues from six federal districts participated in the project “Pedagogue as a subject of upbringing of the youth and prevention of delinquent behavior”. The results. Data are given about the fact that pedagogues consider depressed state and aggressive behavior of the child to be the testimony of aggressive behavior of adults towards the child. Boys are more inclined to be aggressive, while the girls try not to show obviously their aggressive behavior. Children from troubled and incomplete families are more aggressive. Attention is drawn to the fact that the main risks of aggressive behavior of juveniles are in the families where the parents are indifferent to the child, do not pay attention to him or her or their requirements are contradictory. The research showed that pedagogues feel trouble, anxiety and fear when they come across conflict situations between the pupils. Practical significance. The results of the research are very important both in the context of improving the programs for pedagogues and psychologists in the sphere of juvenile deviant and antisocial behavior prevention and in the context of educational and youth policy and its tasks.

EFFECT OF ILLUMINATION ON GROWTH AND BEHAVIOUR OF GUPPY, POECILIA RETICULATA

The guppy, Poecilia reticulata, is a model for many ichthyological studies. The effect of light on juvenile growth has been studied on the Poecilia reticulata. Studies have been conducted in twenty-liter aquariums. For experiments on the fish arbitrary choice of light intensity (light transmission behavior), it was used radiant pans of organic glass 150 x 15 x 15 cm divided by transparent semi-partitions into ten communicating compartments. The specific growth rate has been determined after the experiments. It increases with the light level increasing. The growth rate is minimal at 0 lx in all series of experiments. It was shown that the sharpest increase in the specific growth rate of guppies occurred when the illumination changed from 0 to 200 lx. A further increase in the intensity of illumination practically did not affect the growth of guppies. Also, the guppy juvenile behavior has been studied in special trays at different light from 3200 to 5900 lx. The motor activity of guppies increases by 30% in lightgradient conditions. The frequency (25 sec) and length of guppies stay (28.3 sec) are the highest in the compartment with 4700 lx. The preferential light zone expands if the juveniles are starving. As the period of starvation increased, guppies began to swim almost equally often and linger in different light zones. Thus, high light conditions stimulate the search behavior and activity of guppies. To grow guppies in production conditions, high illumination is necessary.

RESOCIALIZATION BARRIERS: AN ANALYSIS FROM MALAYSIAN CONTEXT

The process of resocialization is important to ensure that juveniles at the rehabilitation institution changed as expected by the community. But the process of resocialization will not completely successful if there are barriers. Therefore, the aim of this study is to identify barriers that derange the successful resocialization process of juveniles. The data were obtained through an in-depth interview session with the respondent in the study and observation. Through purposive sampling, the twenty-seven staff of a correctional institution and twenty-three juveniles were selected to participate as respondents in this study. This study revealed that there were barriers that deranged the resocialization process such as juveniles factor (juvenile behavior; not interested in learning, religion classes, activities, programs), rehabilitation institution’s factor (inadequate facilities, inadequate finance), juvenile family’s factor (socioeconomic of the family, lack of parents’ responsibility) and society factor (negative perception of society). In conclusion, these findings prove that there are obstacles in order to resocialize juveniles from the Malaysian context. If these obstacles are not well addressed, it will give a negative impact not only on juveniles but also on Malaysia.

Lrrc7 mutant mice model developmental emotional dysregulation that can be alleviated by mGluR5 allosteric modulation

LRRC7 has been identified as a candidate gene for severe childhood emotional dysregulation. Direct experimental evidence for a role of LRRC7 in the disease is needed, as is a better understanding of its impact on neuronal structure and signaling, and hence potential treatment targets. Here, we generated and analyzed an Lrrc7 mutant mouse line. Consistent with a critical role of LRRC7 in emotional regulation, mutant mice had inappropriate juvenile aggressive behavior and significant anxiety-like behavior and social dysfunction in adulthood. The pivotal role of mGluR5 signaling was demonstrated by rescue of behavioral defects with augmentation of mGluR5 receptor activity by 3-Cyano-N-(1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)benzamide (CDPPB). Intra-peritoneal injection of CDPPB alleviated abnormal juvenile behavior, as well as anxiety-like behavior and hypersociability at adulthood. Furthermore, mutant primary neurons had impaired neurite outgrowth which was rescued by CDPPB treatment. In conclusion, Lrrc7 mutant mice provide a valuable tool to model childhood emotional dysregulation and persistent mental health comorbidities. Moreover, our data highlight an important role of LRRC7 in mGluR5 signaling, which is a potential new treatment target for anxiety and social dysfunction.

Aggression as a violation of dialogic interaction in adolescence

The article is dedicated to the research of the aggression as a violation of dialogic interaction in adolescence. It should be noted that aggression is considered as one of the ways to fill in the need for communication. The research results received witness the fact that aggressive behavior is the reason for interpersonal communication process complicacy. As a rule, children of the same age evade communication with their aggressive contemporaries, but adults blame them for conduct of the kind, intensifying aggression manifestation in their behavior. Interpersonal character talent plays a fundamental role in psychological development of an individual, in the process of his socialization and obtaining the necessary forms of social behavior by him. Interpersonal communication is not only the juvenile personality formation condition, but a fundamental sphere of his self-realization. At the very age it is more conscious and purposeful, obtaining subjective importance, and is noted for its selectivity, durability and moral explanation. Communicative ability not properly developed in the definite periods of time becomes evident in the next periods of a person’s lifetime and in his communicative activity, unable to be flexible to combine his activity with the activity of other people. The communication problem in adolescence has an important part as communication is the main activity of this age period and is considered to be fundamental in adolescent personality socialization. It is proved juvenile communicative ability formation to support the aggressive behavior level decrease. Communication ability process formation in adolescence requires the investigation of such aspects as a personal motivation, cognition, willing and conduct aspects. A conduct therapy, as one of the most effective juvenile behavior breaking correction method, can serve as the basis for communication training and an effective means of the communication ability formation.

Early-life social environment alters juvenile behavior and neuroendocrine function in a highly social cichlid fish

Early-life experiences can shape adult behavior, with consequences for fitness and health, yet fundamental questions remain unanswered about how early-life social experiences are translated into variation in brain and behavior. The African cichlid fish Astatotilapia burtoni, a model system in social neuroscience, is well known for its highly plastic social phenotypes in adulthood. Here, we rear juveniles in either social groups or pairs to investigate the effects of early-life social environments on behavior and neuroendocrine gene expression. We find that both juvenile behavior and neuroendocrine function are sensitive to early-life effects. Behavior robustly co-varies across multiple contexts (open field, social cue investigation, and dominance behavior assays) to form a behavioral syndrome, with pair-reared juveniles towards the end of syndrome that is less active and socially interactive. Pair-reared juveniles also submit more readily as subordinates. In a separate cohort, we measured whole brain expression of stress and sex hormone genes. Expression of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) 1a was elevated in group-reared juveniles, supporting a highly-conserved role for the stress axis mediating early-life effects. The effect of rearing environment on androgen receptor (AR) α and estrogen receptor (ER) α expression was mediated by treatment duration (1 vs. 5 weeks). Finally, expression of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and GR2 decreased significantly over time. Rearing environment also caused striking differences in gene co-expression, such that expression was tightly integrated in pair-reared juveniles, but not group-reared or isolates. Together, this research demonstrates the important developmental origins of behavioral phenotypes and identifies potential behavioral and neuroendocrine mechanisms.

PERSEPSI REMAJA TERHADAP KEHAMILAN TIDAK DIINGINKAN AKIBAT PERILAKU SEKSUAL PRA NIKAH DI KECAMATAN TEGOWANU KABUPATEN GROBOGAN

Latar belakangRemaja adalah masa peralihan masa kanak – kanak ke masa dewasa. Menurut WHO Badan Kesehatan dunia usia 14 th – 24 th. Menurut BKKBN 2007 : 70 adalah usia 10th – 19 th. Perkembangan remaja sangatlah rentan terhadap pengaruh lingkungan, baik yang positif ataupun negative.Lingkungan sosial budaya yang negatif merupakan faktor resiko bagi remaja sehingga dapat terjebak perilaku kenakalan remaja (merokok, minum- minuman keras, pengguna narkoba, seks bebas, tawuran, kriminal dan kebut-kebutan di jalan. TujuanMengetahui persepsi remaja terhadap kehamilan tidak diinginkan akibat perilaku seksual pra nikah di Kecamatan Tegowanu Kabupaten Grobogan. MetodologiJenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif yang merupakan penelitian yang menekankan pada quality atau hal yang terpenting dari sifat suatu barang atau jasa.Dalam penelitian ini partisipan yang digunakan adalah remaja di Kecamatan Tegowanu Kabupaten Grobogan Tahun 2013. Hasil Penelitian Remaja di kecamatan Tegowanu mempunyai persepsi bahwa kehamilan tidak diinginkan yaitu hamil sesudah melakukan pacaran, hamil yang tidak dikehendaki atau tidak diharapkan akibat perilaku seksual, penyebab terjadinya perkehamilan tidak diinginkan adalah karena melakukan hubungan seks dengan pacarnya tanpa menggunakan alat kontrasepsi, kurangnya pengetahuan tentang reproduksi dan tidak mengindahkan norma agama dan masyarakat. Kesimpulan Persepsi remaja tentang persepsi perilaku seks pranikah adalah kegiatan seksual yang sudah dilakukan sebelum menikah, hubungan suami isteri yang dilakukan saat masih pacaran dan kegiatan pacaran bebas mulai dari ciuman, bergandengan tangan, dan melakukan hubungan layaknya sudah menjadi suami isteri padahal belum menikah. Kata kunci : Kehamilan, dan perilaku seksualKepustakaan : 23 ( 2002 – 2012) ADOLESCENT PERCEPTION TOWARDS ACCIDENTAL PREGNANCY DUE TO PREMARITAL SEXUAL BEHAVIOUR IN TEGOWANU DISTRIC GROBOGAN REGENCY Abstract The background is the transition Adolescent childhood - childhood to adulthood . According to the world Health Organization WHO age 14 th - 24 th . According to BKKBN 2007: 70 is the age of 10th - 19 th . Development of adolescents are particularly vulnerable to environmental influences , both positive and negative . Negative socio-cultural environment is a risk factor for adolescents that can be trapped juvenile behavior ( smoking , drinking , drug use , sex , fighting , criminal and racing on the road . Knowing the purpose of the adolescent 's perception of unwanted pregnancies as a result of pre-marital sexual behavior in the District Tegowanu Grobogan . Methodology This research is a qualitative research study that emphasizes the paramount quality or nature of goods or services . In this study, participants used was a teenager in the District Tegowanu Grobogan In 2013. Youth Research in the district Tegowanu perceive that an unwanted pregnancy is pregnant after doing courtship , pregnant unintended or unexpected result of sexual behavior , the causes of undesired perkehamilan is because having sex with his girlfriend without using contraception , lack of knowledge about reproductive and did not heed the norms of religion and society . Conclusions Perceptions of adolescent perceptions of premarital sexual behavior is sexual activity that has been done before marriage , conjugal relationship is done while still dating and free dating activities ranging from kissing , holding hands , and having already become like a husband and wife while unmarried . Keywords : Pregnancy; sexual behavior

Evolution and genetics of precocious burrowing behavior in Peromyscus mice

A central challenge in biology is to understand how innate behaviors evolve between closely related species. One way to elucidate how differences arise is to compare the development of behavior in species with distinct adult traits. Here, we report that Peromyscus polionotus is strikingly precocious with regard to burrowing behavior, but not other behaviors, compared to its sister species P. maniculatus . In P. polionotus , burrows were excavated as early as 17 days of age, while P. maniculatus did not build burrows until 10 days later. Moreover, the well-known differences in burrow architecture between adults of these species -- P. polionotus adults excavate long burrows with an escape tunnel, while P. maniculatus dig short, single-tunnel burrows -- were intact in juvenile burrowers. To test whether this juvenile behavior is influenced by early-life environment, pups of both species were reciprocally cross-fostered. Fostering did not alter the characteristic burrowing behavior of either species, suggesting these differences are genetic. In backcross F2 hybrids, we show that precocious burrowing and adult tunnel length are genetically correlated, and that a single P. polionotus allele in a genomic region linked to adult tunnel length is predictive of precocious burrow construction. The co-inheritance of developmental and adult traits indicates the same genetic region -- either a single gene with pleiotropic effects, or closely linked genes -- acts on distinct aspects of the same behavior across life stages. Such genetic variants likely affect behavioral drive (i.e. motivation) to burrow, and thereby affect both the development and adult expression of burrowing behavior.