Tandemové kojení jako specifický prostředek kontaktního rodičovství – zkušenosti matek

The phenomenon of tandem nursing has not been much captured by psychological research. Tandem nursing is practiced by some mothers who follow the trend of attachment parenting. In tandem nursing, the mother breastfeeds both the younger and the older child at the same time. In-depth interviews were conducted with four women who claimed to practice attachment parenting and breastfed their toddler child together with their older sibling at preschool age. Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) was used to analyze the data, and four main themes were identified: 1) Efforts to maintain breastfeeding at all costs – from the decline of breastfeeding in pregnancy to the sharp increase after childbirth to the ideal of self-reinstatement; 2) Mother in the middle – „I feel like I'm still…always in the middle…physically and mentally…between the children“; 3) Tandem nursing as a safeguard for the older child in the new family structure and the mother's efforts to support sibling relationships; 4) Support and criticism of tandem nursing leading to reinforcement of beliefs.

Venäjänkielinen alakoululainen suomen rakenteiden oppijana

This article examines, how two Russian-speaking children (ages 9 and 11) learn Finnish morpho-syntactic structures in interaction in a transitional classroom at primary school. It also discusses whether the influence of the mother tongue is observable in the learning process. The study focuses on the development of prototypical possessive structure and standard negation. The data consist of 15 lessons, video-recorded during one school year. The episodes, including the structures used by the children, are analysed by drawing on the principles of conversation analysis. The analyses show that for both children the possessive structure appears to be more complex to learn than the standard negation. However, the children’s acquisition of these structures follows different paths. At the end of the semester, the younger child’s possessive has not become established in Finnish, whereas the older child has begun to use it in accordance with the target language norms. The negation, however, follows the target language norms, in both children’s speech.

Tandem Breastfeeding: A Descriptive Analysis of the Nutritional Value of Milk When Feeding a Younger and Older Child

Breastfeeding is a gold standard of feeding of newborns and infants. Tandem breastfeeding (TBF) is feeding two children of different ages at the same time. The knowledge about the composition of human milk in prolonged lactation is still scarce. Milk from tandem breastfeeding women and after weaning was examined. Milk samples were collected from 13 TBF mothers. A 24-h milk collection was done. Analyses of fat, protein, carbohydrate and energy content were performed using MIRIS. Sociodemographic characteristics of TBF mothers was done. Higher fat content, energy value and total protein concentration was found in TBFM milk during tandem breastfeeding, than in milk after weaning the older child. The carbohydrate content remained stable. The composition of breastmilk, in terms of macronutrients, changes after weaning, taking into account the nutritional requirements of the younger child. The milk of nursing mothers in tandem did not show diurnal variability in individual components. These findings suggest an adaptive role of human milk to nutrient requirements of newborn and older children. The results may support the promotion of long breastfeeding, including tandem breastfeeding.

Magnitude of Undernutrition and Associated Factors among Infants and Young Children aged 6-23 Months in Sinan district, Northwest Ethiopia Amhara regional state: A crossectional study

Background: Childhood undernutrition continues to be the most serious public health problem in the developing world particularly in the rural area. Determining the nutritional status among children less than two years is needed to plan a good nutrition intervention and to provide nutrition education to the community. Despite this, there is limited research conducted in the study area.Objective: To assess undernutrition and associated factors among infants and young children aged 6-23 months in Sinan District, Northwest Ethiopia, 2019.Methods: A Community -based cross-sectional study was conducted among 431 child-mother pairs from March 10, 2019-April 20, 2019 in Sinan District. WHO Anthro software (version 3.2.2) was used to generate the Z-scores. Data were entered using Epi-Data version 4.2 and analysis was done using SPSS version 25. Bivariable and multivariable binary Logistic Regression were fitted. In the multivariable analysis, p-values less than 0.05 were considered as statistically significant factors. Results: The magnitude of stunting, underweight and wasting were 48.7%, 21.7%, and 8% respectively. Less than two times the daily intake of food (AOR = 3.7, 95% CI: 1.5, 9.3). Being older child (12-23 months) (AOR=0.46, 95% CI, 0.22, 0.96) and low dietary diversity score (AOR=0.53, 95% CI, (0.30, 0.92) were significantly associated with undernutrition. Additionally, not having a hand washing facility in the toilet was a significant predictor for both wasting and underweight. Conclusion: The prevalence of undernutrition among infants and young children was higher compared with the previous studies. Low dietary diversity score, lower meal frequency, being an older child, and absence of hand washing facility in the toilet were factors related to the nutritional status. Hence, interventions targeting community management of undernutrition might be appropriate to manage the problem. Efforts should also be intensified to reduce by focusing on identified determinants and the provision of nutrition education to mothers focusing on appropriate feeding practices to improve children’s nutritional status in the study area.

A scoping review of mother–child separation in clinical paediatric settings

There is increasing evidence to suggest that autonomic regulation of hospitalised infants is affected by separation from their mother. This review explored the extent of the evidence relating to the impact of separation on infants and children and aimed to identify suitable measures of the impact of mother–child separation. We conducted a scoping review of seven databases using the main search terms ‘physiological’, ‘psychological’, ‘infant/child’, ‘maternal separation’ and ‘hospital’. Thirty-four articles containing data relevant to the effects of mother–child separation on either member of the pair were included. Findings highlight the central importance of the mother’s presence in mediating the stressful effects of hospitalisation on her child. The majority of articles reported on psychological effects of separation on mothers of infants or on younger children. We identified no articles reporting on physiological effects on the older child or mothers of older children or psychological effects on mothers of older children. Only nine articles used validated tools to measure the effects of separation. There is a need for more evidence, based on validated measurement, about the psychological effects of separation on the child, particularly the older child, and on the physiological effects of separation on the mother–child pair during hospitalisation.

Att känna sig obekväm men amma ändå

To Feel Uncomfortable but Still Breastfeed Problematic feelings and bodies in narratives about public breastfeeding Lina Metsämäki This article focuses on problems and strategies that are activated when a breastfeeding individual is engaging in activities in public spaces. The aim was to examine through the engendered feelings of being uncomfortable which problems a person encounters and what these feelings do to their body. This was done through a close reading of five interviews about breastfeeding in public and comments on an article about public breastfeeding published on the webpages of Svenska Yle during the summer of 2017. Feelings of being uncomfortable did not stop the informants from breastfeeding in public, but the feelings made their bodies engage with the space in a different manner. The informants regulated their bodies through their feelings of being uncomfortable. They used strategies to make their breastfeeding as invisible as possible, such as turning away from public attention or using certain clothes or scarves to conceal they are nursing or going into another room to breastfeed. Feelings like fear, disgust, embarrassment, shame and pain are all connected to the feeling of being uncomfortable. The problems are also connected to the sexual connotations of the female breast and it was important for the informants not to come across as being sexual while breastfeeding. Since the breast is usually considered sexual and men are assumed to be sexually attracted to female breasts problems arise. Other problems concern the fact that other people may be made to feel uncomfortable or being pointed out and receiving negative comments while breastfeeding. Bodily functions can be problematic as well, especially leaking breastmilk that may leave stains on clothing. Another problem was breaking the norms surrounding breastfeeding, for instance by breastfeeding an older child.