scholarly journals Att känna sig obekväm men amma ändå

Budkavlen ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 98 ◽  
pp. 65-92
Author(s):  
Lina Metsämäki
Keyword(s):  
Public Spaces ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Breastfeeding In Public ◽  
Female Breast ◽  
Negative Comments ◽  
To Come ◽  
Public Breastfeeding ◽  
Older Child

To Feel Uncomfortable but Still Breastfeed Problematic feelings and bodies in narratives about public breastfeeding   Lina Metsämäki   This article focuses on problems and strategies that are activated when a breastfeeding individual is engaging in activities in public spaces. The aim was to examine through the engendered feelings of being uncomfortable which problems a person encounters and what these feelings do to their body. This was done through a close reading of five interviews about breastfeeding in public and comments on an article about public breastfeeding published on the webpages of Svenska Yle during the summer of 2017. Feelings of being uncomfortable did not stop the informants from breastfeeding in public, but the feelings made their bodies engage with the space in a different manner. The informants regulated their bodies through their feelings of being uncomfortable. They used strategies to make their breastfeeding as invisible as possible, such as turning away from public attention or using certain clothes or scarves to conceal they are nursing or going into another room to breastfeed. Feelings like fear, disgust, embarrassment, shame and pain are all connected to the feeling of being uncomfortable. The problems are also connected to the sexual connotations of the female breast and it was important for the informants not to come across as being sexual while breastfeeding. Since the breast is usually considered sexual and men are assumed to be sexually attracted to female breasts problems arise. Other problems concern the fact that other people may be made to feel uncomfortable or being pointed out and receiving negative comments while breastfeeding. Bodily functions can be problematic as well, especially leaking breastmilk that may leave stains on clothing. Another problem was breaking the norms surrounding breastfeeding, for instance by breastfeeding an older child.

Secrecy, State-Private Networks and Operational Effectiveness in Cold War Europe

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 551-560
Author(s):  
ERIC PULLIN
Keyword(s):  
Central Intelligence Agency ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Freedom Of Information ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Operational Effectiveness ◽  
Intelligence Agency ◽  
The Us ◽  
Long Time ◽  
To Come ◽  
Us Senate

Secrecy has unintended consequences. The release on 9 December 2014 of the US Senate Intelligence Committee's report on the torture of terrorism detainees focused public attention on the secret activities of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). Regrettably, lost amidst debate over justifying or condemning state-sponsored torture is a more basic concern, the issue of state secrecy, which underlies the discussion of how governments promote national ends. Only two days after the issuance of the Senate Intelligence Committee's report, the US House of Representatives adjourned without taking action on the Freedom of Information Act reform bill – despite receiving unanimous approval in both houses. This bill would not have required complete openness, but it would have eliminated many of the arbitrary mechanisms that enable the CIA and other governmental agencies to suppress requests for information. Although the House Republican leadership failed to put the act on the legislative calendar, the Obama administration's Department of Justice also deserves opprobrium for surreptitiously opposing the act behind the scenes. The US government's disregard for establishing reasonable rules of transparency virtually guarantees that the CIA will continue to suppress its records, and thus public scrutiny of its unchecked activities, for a very long time to come.

scholarly journals Perceptions of Mothers and Community Members Regarding Breastfeeding in Public Spaces in Alexandra, Gauteng Province, South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 582-594
Author(s):  
Madimetja Nyaloko ◽  
Welma Lubbe ◽  
Karin Minnie
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
World Health ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Gauteng Province ◽  
Breastfeeding In Public ◽  
Detrimental Impact ◽  
Spread Sheet ◽  
Excel Spread Sheet

Background: Mothers experience significant barriers to breastfeed in public spaces, which could result in a detrimental impact on the World Health Organization’s recommendation of exclusive breastfeeding. Failure to support and accept breastfeeding in public spaces could lead to mixed feeding or even abandonment of breastfeeding. Objective: The current study aimed to identify the knowledge of breastfeeding benefits and perceptions about it among mothers and community members in Alexandra, Gauteng Province, South Africa. Methods: A quantitative, non-experimental descriptive study was deployed using two structured questionnaires, which were distributed among mothers (n=96) and community members (n=96). All 192 questionnaires were completed and returned, although two questionnaires of mothers could not be used due to incompleteness. An excel spread sheet and Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 25 was used to analyze the data. Results: The findings of the current study revealed a positive correlation between the knowledge level about breastfeeding benefits [infants (r=0.45, p≤0.000) and mothers (r=0.29, p≤0.000)] and perceptions in public spaces. Community members and mothers who were knowledgeable regarding breastfeeding benefits exhibited supportive attitudes towards breastfeeding in public spaces. Conclusion: Altogether, the majority of mothers (69%) were comfortable to breastfeed in public spaces, and community members (84%) were supportive. Limited knowledge of breastfeeding benefits was associated with unsupportive attitudes towards breastfeeding in public spaces. Health messages that target these factors are essential to encourage support and acceptance of breastfeeding in public spaces. This could be executed through public education via posters in public spaces and during community health outreaches.

scholarly journals Breasts and the City: An Urban Ethnography of Infant Feeding in Public Spaces within Cardiff, United Kingdom

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aimee Grant
Keyword(s):  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Large City ◽  
Department Store ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Barriers And Facilitators ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Breastfeeding In Public ◽  
Urban City ◽  
The City

Abstract Background: Internationally, women report challenges breastfeeding in public spaces. This study aimed to investigate the social-spatial aspects of public spaces in one UK city, Cardiff, in order to suggest possible barriers and facilitators to breastfeeding in public spaces.Methods: The study observation location guide prioritised places that had been reported as hostile to breastfeeding or breastfeeding friendly in the existing literature. Data were collected at various times of day, in several areas of the city, and included transport (n=4), transport hubs (n=3), high streets (n=4), cafes (n=2), a large city centre shopping complex, comprising of three joined shopping centres and a large city centre department store (containing a third café). Low inference field notes were written on an encrypted smart phone and expanded soon after. Data were analysed thematically using deductive codes based on the observation schedule. Additional inductive codes relating to places were added.Results: Overall, public transport and the city centre were inhospitable environments for those who might need to breastfeed, and even more so for those who need to express breastmilk. The core barriers and facilitators running through the data appeared to be the availability of appropriate seating coupled with either high privacy or civil inattention. The one variation to this model arose from the department store café, where civil inattention was not performed and there was low privacy, but breastfeeding occurred anyway. Conclusions: This research highlights the physical and social barriers to breastfeeding within one urban city centre in the UK and its associated transport links. It is clear that there is an urgent need for change in urban city centres and public transport if countries are to meet their aims in relation to increasing breastfeeding rates. Interventions will need to be multifaceted, accounting for social norms relating to infant feeding as well as changes to the physical environment, policy and potentially legal change. Further research should be undertaken in other countries to examine the extent to which hostile environments exist, and if correcting these could facilitate breastfeeding and reduce gender based violence.

Breastfeeding in Public: Challenges and Evidence-Based Breastfeeding-Friendly Initiatives to Overcome the Barriers

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 137-144
Author(s):  
Shela Akbar Ali Hirani
Keyword(s):  
Public Spaces ◽  
Public Perceptions ◽  
Role Modeling ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Public Events ◽  
Breastfeeding In Public ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Right

IntroductionBreastfeeding is the safest mode of infant feeding that is readily available at the right temperature and does not require supplies for its preparation. Despite the many benefits of breastfeeding, it is often challenging for breastfeeding mothers to breastfeed in public.MethodsA review of the literature was undertaken to explore challenges hindering breastfeeding in public and ascertain evidence-based breastfeeding-friendly strategies to overcome those barriers.ResultsMajor barriers to breastfeeding in public include negative public perceptions of breastfeeding, sociocultural barriers, embarrassment/lack of comfort, stigmatization, sexualization of breast, and nonconducive environment in public spaces. Evidence-based strategies to support breastfeeding in public include normalization of breastfeeding in public, increasing the visibility of breastfeeding through social media and public events, empowerment of breastfeeding mothers, positive role modeling, social support, and environmental modifications.ConclusionImplementation of evidence-based and innovative breastfeeding-friendly initiatives are essential to combat challenges surrounding breastfeeding in public spaces.

scholarly journals A Feminist Critique of the Role of Medical Discourse in the Introduction of the Breastfeeding Amendment in the Anti-Discrimination Act 1977 NSW

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sallie McLean
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Cultural Practice ◽  
Medical Discourse ◽  
Controversial Issue ◽  
Women’S Rights ◽  
Feminist Critique ◽  
Breastfeeding In Public ◽  
Public Breastfeeding ◽  
Economical Advantage

Although breastfeeding in public space is protected under anti-discrimination laws throughout Australia, public breastfeeding remains an ambiguous and controversial issue. The NSW anti-discrimination amendment that expressly permits women to breastfeed in public was introduced using a decidedly medical discourse. Public breastfeeding was legitimised by recourse to the nutritional and economical advantage of breastfeeding. This rationale effectively disengages breastfeeding from the paradigm of women’s rights, and leaves the act of breastfeeding itself open to substitution. A feminist jurisprudential analysis of the legitimising arguments behind the amendment illustrates how the focus on medical and economical concerns obscures the role that nationhood, capital and cultural practice play in denigrating breastfeeding as a distinctly female practice.

scholarly journals Qualitative study of patient views on a ‘telephone-first’ approach in general practice in England: speaking to the GP by telephone before making face-to-face appointments

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. e026197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah L Ball ◽  
Jennifer Newbould ◽  
Jennie Corbett ◽  
Josephine Exley ◽  
Emma Pitchforth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Practice ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
First Language ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Negative Comments ◽  
Open Plan ◽  
General Practices ◽  
To Come ◽  
New System ◽  
Better Than

ObjectiveTo understand patients’ views on a ‘telephone-first’ approach, in which all appointment requests in general practice are followed by a telephone call from the general practitioner (GP).DesignQualitative interviews with patients and carers.SettingTwelve general practices in England.Participants43 patients, including 30 women, nine aged over 75 years, four parents of young children, five carers, five patients with hearing impairment and two whose first language was not English.ResultsPatients expressed varied views, often strongly held, ranging from enthusiasm for to hostility towards the ‘telephone-first’ approach. The new system suited some patients, avoiding the need to come into the surgery but was problematic for others, for example, when it was difficult for someone working in an open plan office to take a call-back. A substantial proportion of negative comments were about the operation of the scheme itself rather than the principles behind it, for example, difficulty getting through on the phone or being unable to schedule when the GP would phone back. Some practices were able to operate the scheme in a way that met their patients’ needs better than others and practices varied significantly in how they had implemented the approach.ConclusionsThe ‘telephone-first’ approach appears to work well for some patients, but others find it much less acceptable. Some of the reported problems related to how the approach had been implemented rather than the ‘telephone-first’ approach in principle and suggests there may be potential for some of the challenges experienced by patients to be overcome.

scholarly journals The over-familiar landscape that escapes to the absent-minded gaze

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Mareggi
Keyword(s):  
Public Life ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Good Design ◽  
The Gaze ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
To Come ◽  
Relevant Component

<p>Public spaces constitute a relevant part of the landscape of the ordinary city. According to the European Landscape Convention, studies and designs of public spaces, in particular of open spaces, should appropriately focus on the different users who inhabit it and recognise themselves in these spaces. In this sense, close to the traditional studies on morphological characteristics, urban materials and equipment, it is useful to explore the performances of public spaces in innovative ways. This article proposes to come back to emphasise and highlight daily life, still today forgotten as a relevant component of a good design and planning of public spaces. It underlines the importance of the gaze on the everyday and ordinary for urbanism, through some introductory experiences of designed urban spaces and some concepts, such as ‘practices’ and ‘way of uses’. Moreover, it offers a review of different lines of studies on public life and other research interested in daily urban practices. Among these, the article focuses on rhythm and chronographic analysis, which describe practices of use, urban populations and their rhythms of presence within places. In conclusion are presented some opportunities that an adoption of the proposed approaches to everyday could bring to a better management, maintenance and planning of public spaces.<strong></strong></p>

The Voyage Home

2018 ◽  
pp. 237-260
Author(s):  
Alasdair Pettinger
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Strong Sense ◽  
Newspaper Coverage ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Shipping Company ◽  
William Lloyd Garrison ◽  
To Come ◽  
New Phase ◽  
Distinctive Role

Through a close reading of Douglass’s farewell speech in London, the newspaper coverage of the racist discrimination he faced once again from the Cunard shipping company, and his subsequent account of the episode, this chapter shows how Douglass returned to the United States, equipped with the skills and confidence to embark on a new phase of his career, breaking away with his mentor William Lloyd Garrison with a strong sense of his own, distinctive, role in the antislavery struggle to come.

The Cosmopolitan Experience and Its Uses

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Bender
Keyword(s):  
Public Spaces ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Spaces ◽  
To Come ◽  
At Home

Is the cosmopolitan someone who is at home wherever she or he goes? Thomas Bender turns this question upside down: the cosmopolitan is someone who is at least slightly uncomfortable everywhere, even at home. For Bender, cosmopolitanism is an unsettling experience that provokes inquiry into difference. Its demand is not only to come to an understanding of the other, but also to come to a new understanding of oneself. Self-reflexivity inspired by the encounter with difference is difficult, Bender acknowledges, and increasingly rare as public spaces change and human interaction is increasingly digital. So cosmopolitanism remains to a significant degree aspirational; it cannot be taken for granted as what our ordinary social spaces already give us.

Reading Manipulation In Runaway Horses by Mishima Yukio

Poetics Today ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 683-698
Author(s):  
Thomas Garcin
Keyword(s):  
Reading Strategies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Literary Genre ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Mishima Yukio ◽  
Political Novels ◽  
Negative Comments ◽  
Ideological Perspective ◽  
The One

In her seminal work, Authoritarian Fictions: Ideological Novels as a Literary Genre, Susan Rubin Suleiman emphasizes the co-optational dimension of romans à thèse, which seem addressed to readers who are already converted to the ideological perspective of these works. Political novels therefore tend to divide readers into two categories: proponents on the one hand, denigrators on the other. Based on a close reading of Runaway Horses (1969), Mishima Yukio’s most overtly ideological fictional work, this article is meant to enrich Suleiman’s model by showing that the most elaborate authoritarian fictional works use specific rhetorical tactics to soften or compensate for the excess of their message and to appeal to nonsympathizers. Focusing on chapters 9 and 10 of Runaway Horses, where the novel shifts from a classical and realist tone (chapters 1 to 8) to an ideological and authoritarian one (chapters 9 to 40), the article analyzes three of these rhetorical tactics: (1) the lightning rod, which consists of attracting criticisms about one specific and clearly delineated locus of the text, fulfilling an apotropaic function and serving as a foil for the rest; (2) prolepsis, which anticipates the reader’s likely negative comments and thus becomes in tune with his perspective; and (3) the tactic of enlarging the audience by which the narrator reincorporates a sectarian ideology into a larger and more universal ensemble. The conclusion questions the place of the reader and investigates the reading strategies that he or she may adopt in order to respond to this manipulation.

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