Language programming in rural and regional Victoria

Despite decades of often ambitious policies in Australia, languages education is still characterized by intermittent commitment to the teaching of languages, with inequitable access particularly entrenched in rural and regional contexts. While research has focused on the practical and material constraints impacting on policy implementation, little research has investigated the role of the discursive terrain in shaping expectations and limitations around what seems achievable in schools, particularly, from the school principal perspective. Beginning with an overview of policy interventions and an analysis of contemporary challenges, we use Q methodology to identify and analyze viewpoints at work in similarly-positioned rural and regional schools. In doing so, we seek to determine what seems possible or impossible across settings; the role of principals in enabling and constraining pathways for the provision of school language programs, and the need for macro-level language policy to be informed by constraints specific to rural and regional contexts.

ENFORCEMENT PATTERN OF CRIMINAL LAW BASED ON HUMANITY VALUES IN THE UTILITY PRINCIPAL PERSPECTIVE

[Enforcement Pattern Of Criminal Law Based On Humanity Values In The Utility Principal Perspective] The current Criminal Code is laden with weaknesses, so it is urgent to be replaced by a law-oriented Criminal Code that is closer to the characteristics of the Muslim law (Custom and Law Family), which features Indonesian characteristics (moving from the collective and personal order, reflecting the nation's political ideology ) of Pancasila. One of the selected Pancasila values ​​is humanitarian value. Human values ​​are values ​​that show respect for human beings, because they are essentially legal to human beings. In the realm of material criminal law, human values ​​are reflected in the principle of individualization of punishment (the principle of individuality, flexibility, modification, forgiveness, and culpability), as seen in the National Criminal Code Bill. Not accommodating humanitarian values ​​in the formulation stage will be fatal at the law enforcement stage, but it is also fatal if the error in the formulation stage is left at law enforcement stage, so it is necessary to nationalize the pattern of criminal law enforcement one of them based on humanitarian value, less focus on punishment, contain prevention strategies, strategies for imposition of prison criminal sanctions are ultimum remedium, benefit strategy and balance of interest protection and restoration of relations between perpetrators, victims, community and state, social defense strategy with a rational policy approach that includes the use of economic approach , productive action strategies and contribute to national development in order to realize the legal objectives of benefits. Keywords: Value, Humanity, Pancasila, Enforcement, Benefit.

The ship, the media, and the world: conceptualizing connections in global history

The study of transregional connections is central to the field of global history. This article reflects on the idea of connections from a conceptual viewpoint and treats them as mediators. This will be exemplified by studying the spatial and temporal dimensions of transoceanic steamship passages. The lives of crew and passengers did not go on ‘stand-by’ during such a passage. The case of the flight and eventual capture of Hawley Harvey Crippen will serve as a case in point. Suspected of murder in London, Crippen tried to escape to North America by transatlantic steamer. The captain, however, recognized the fugitive and informed both authorities and media. The ship, whose movements across the Atlantic contributed to the establishment of global connections, thus became tightly entangled in a global media landscape, with newspapers and readers from all over the globe focusing their attention on the small shipboard community. Simultaneously, the steamer became a profoundly secluded place for its passengers, who were cut off from the media flurry surrounding them. The article shifts the principal perspective of the murder case from a terracentric notion of history to a more sea-based narrative. It offers a new historical interpretation of the events and at the same time reconsiders the analytical concept of connections in a broader historical context.