Assessing Iranian Middle-School Principals' Creativity and its Association with their Job Performance and Human Relations

Creativity has become a topic of ever-increasing interest in educational settings where principals are responsible for improving schools. In Iran, there is a need for research on evaluating the creativity of school principals due to the importance of their role in improving schools. In this paper we aim to assess the creativity of school principals in schools of Iran and investigate its relationship with their job performance and relations with students and teachers. The effect of age and educational level factors on their creativity were also studied. This is a case study conducted in boys' middle schools of Urmia city located in West Azerbaijan Province of Iran. Participants included 52 schools principals aged between 34-54 years working in the academic year 2012-2013 who were randomly selected using Krejcie and Morgan table. Their creativity (CR), job performance (JP), and human relations (HR) were measured using designed Persianlanguage questionnaires. Collected data were analyzed using statistical tests (mean and standard deviation) and three formulated research hypotheses were tested by applying Pearson's correlation coefficient and one-way ANOVA in SPSS software. Their scores showed that they had a relatively good level of CR, HR and JP. Results of statistical analysis revealed that there was no significant relationship between Iranian school principals' creativity and human relations, but their creativity was significantly related to their job performance. Also, it was found that age and educational level had no significant effect on their creativity.

بعض الاساليب القيادية وعلاقاتها بدرجة تحمل الغموض لدى الجنسين من مديرى المدارس الاعدادية : دراسة نفسية استكشافية Some Leadership Methods and their Relationships to the Degree of Tolerance of Ambiguity for Both Sexes from Principals of Middle Schools: An Exploratory Psychological study

هدفت الدراسة الى بناء مقياس الاساليب القيادية لمديرى المدارس الاعدادية فى نطاق نظرية الهدف، والكشف عن الاساليب القيادية المختلفة لهم ومعرفة درجة تحمل الغموض ايضا لهم مستخدمة فى ذلك المنهج شبة التجريبى على عينة من المديرين تبلغ 60 مدير ومديرة واستخدمت الدراسة مقياس الاساليب القيادية فى ضوء نظرية الهدف (اعداد الباحثة ),ومقياس تحمل الغموض لنورتون وكشفت الدراسة عن ان الاسلوب التشاركى والاسلوب القيادى المدعم هم اساليب مديرى المدارس ، ودرجة تحمل الغموض منخفضة لديهم. The goal of this study is building a scale of leadership methods for middle school principals within the scope of the goal theory and identifying their different leadership methods as well as the degree of tolerance of ambiguity through the use of the semi-experimental approach on a sample of 60 managers and principals. The study utilized the measure of leadership methods in light of the goal theory (Prepared by the researcher), and a measure of endurance ambiguity for Norton. The study revealed that the participatory and supported leadership style are the methods of school principals, and the degree of tolerance of ambiguity is low for them.

Brain control among middle school principals

The objective of the research is to: - Prepare the scale (adaptation to the Iraqi environment) Brain control of (Connell, 2005) and to identify the type of brain control in the principals of junior high schools. The researchers used the descriptive approach. The research sample consisted of principals (principals and managers) in the first Rusafa / Baghdad governorate for the academic year 2018/2019 (20 managers and directors). The researchers prepared the Connell (2005) The majority of managers (principals and principals) in the middle schools had left-brain control, and the proportion of female managers with right and left brain control was more than Percentage of managers with the same Control. The researchers concluded that the number of managers with integrated brain control was higher than the number of female managers with integrated brain control

Principals’ Intentions to Promote Physical Education

The Principals’ Attitude toward Physical Education ( PAPE) survey was used to assess public principals’ intention to promote physical education (PE). Principals ( n = 106) from randomly selected middle and high school schools in California completed the PAPE. Results indicated favorable attitudes, perceived behavioral control, and normative beliefs were associated with promoting PE. Middle school principals are more likely to promote PE than high school principals, especially if they promoted PE in the past. Principals who reported higher perceived competence along with positive professional and personal experiences with PE indicated they would likely promote this subject-matter content in their school.

Development skills of middle school principals in view of their performance

To achieve the goals, a researcher with the presentation of the general framework and theoretical research methodology and procedures, the selection of the sample, where the number of males (46) teachers and the number of females (55) to be a sample of the research school (101). The preparation of the scale consists of (46) clause, Use the (spss) statistical means the results, the middle school directors' transformational skills, there are differences in the developmental skills of the sex variable (males and females). In the light of the results reached recommendations and proposals.