Gavin Douglas

This chapter examines Gavin Douglas’s humanism. To ask whether Douglas was a true humanist is to try to fix the fluidities of a transitional period. And, besides, ‘humanist’ covers as many subtexts as its dictionary definitions betray. Assume a fourteenth- to sixteenth-century scholar of Latin and Greek literature, and Douglas qualifies—although classical studies then were not as now. But, take humanism as a movement away from religious to secular concerns, and Douglas’s humanism is more doubtful. The chapter then looks at mimesis and the rhetoric of ekphrasis in Douglas’s Eneados. The term ekphrasis is commonly defined as ‘description, particularly description of works of art’. But the term is much richer; the verb ekfrazdo means ‘tell, recount, express ornately’. Ultimately, Douglas’s greatest original achievement must be his invention of landscape poetry in English. In addition, Douglas’s Prologues not only use calendar art as a model but have themselves the structure of a calendar.

Construction of Landscape Poetry Road under the Background of Transportation and Travel Integration

Under the background of the integration of transport industry and tourism industry, the highway can expand many functions such as ecology, tourism, scenic view, nostalgia and so on. By this, it replaces the traditional single road traffic function, organically combine the appreciation of natural landscape, ecological environment protection and the pursuit of human history, and closely connects the highway with the tourist area. Relying on the typical projects and the regional characteristics of rich tourism resources, this paper deeply digs the regional natural ecological elements of the “Home of Mountains and Rivers” and the regional cultural characteristics of “Millennium Poetry Road”, and connects the pearls on the golden tourism line. This paper aims to study construction of the fine road of tourism traffic in mountains, rivers and poetry road under the background of the integration of traffic and tourism, and provides practical exploration and reference for the integrated development of highway and tourism.

NATURE AND WEATHER IN THE POEM OF A. PUSHKIN «WINTER EVENING». THE DIFFICULTIES OF TRANSLATION INTO FRENCH

Статья посвящена трудностям перевода на французский язык пейзажной лирики А. С. Пушкина на примере стихотворения "Зимний вечер". The article deals with translation difficulties of landscape poetry of A. S. Pushkin into French using the example of the poem "Winter Evening".

Writing Landscapes into Civilization: Ming Loyalist Ambitions on the Mekong Delta

After the collapse of the Ming dynasty, a group of Ming loyalists settled in Hà Tiên (located on the Vietnamese side of the modern border between Cambodia and Vietnam) on the Mekong delta. On those frontier lands, they built a settlement around a port that maintained close connections with Guangdong and Fujian. This article examines an eighteenth-century literary project that took as its focus ten scenic sites in Hà Tiên. The poems were distributed via the coastal trading network to poets in Vietnam and the Chinese mainland, who composed matching poems and returned them with the next sailing season. These poetic compositions functioned as a medium through which the originator of the project rendered his domain civilized by giving pattern (wen 文) to Hà Tiên’s natural environment. Moreover, he encoded in them messages that urged dispersed Ming loyalists to make Hà Tiên their new capital. Close study of the ten original poems uncovers the motivations of a second-generation Ming loyalist, who composed landscape poetry to create a new home outside the Chinese mainland.