Forms and methods of formation of legal competency of teenagers and senior schoolchildren in the conditions of additional education

The article substantiates topicality of the prevention of illegal behaviour and the formation of legal competency in adolescence and high school age; we analyse the works of modern authors on this problem, on the basis of which the structure of legal competency is presented. The authors characterise the psychological characteristics of adolescents and teenagers, which must be taken into account when organising work on the formation of legal competency of children of this age, we consider the possibility of forming the legal competency of adolescents and teenagers by means of additional education. The use of active forms and methods of teaching is one of the conditions that ensure the effectiveness of the process of forming the legal competency of adolescents and senior schoolchildren in the system of additional education. The formation of legal competency of pupils in the conditions of additional education is defined as a purposeful process that includes cognitive, motivational-value and reflexive-activity stages. The forms and methods used in the implementation of the additional general education (general development) in the modified programme of the association “Themis” for pupils of adolescent and high school age are presented, their effectiveness in the work on the formation of legal competency of pupils in the conditions of additional education is shown.

Formation of Social and Legal Competencies of Future Social Workers in the Process of Preparation to Work with Young Families

The problem of professional training of future social workers in the context of formation of necessary knowledge, skills and abilities is actualized in the article. The views of scientists on the content of the notions of competency, competences and professional competency of social workers are considered. The author's definitions of “competency”, “competences”, “professional competency” and “social and legal competency” are also suggested. Professional competency is the formation of various components, a system of certain components and personality and psychological properties of the individual, which includes knowledge, skills, abilities, personal characteristics and organizational and pedagogical conditions for training future specialists. The main components of socio-legal competencies are identified: cognitive, activity-operative, motivational, personal and instrumental. It also identifies the types of social and legal knowledge that future social workers will receive in the course of their professional training and the skills and abilities of their professional activity. Knowledge of social and legal activity for work with young families was divided into types by the following criteria: socio-legal knowledge in the fields of law, socio-legal knowledge obtained by the degree of their hierarchy in legislation, socio-legal knowledge of the degree of formation, social and legal knowledge on the degree of use of the acquired information. In addition, the acquired knowledge and skills of social and legal activity, which is an activity-operational component of social and legal competency, are accordingly formed in relation to the acquired social and legal knowledge: individual organizational skills, skills and abilities in forecasting and design work, skills and counseling skills. An instrumental component of the formation of complex knowledge of social and legal activity is suggested where social design as a modern progressive tool for overcoming social problems in dealing with young families was highlighted. A social project called “Education for a Young Family” was developed. It is proved that without all the components, social and legal activity will not be fully implemented and social and legal competency will be impossible to develop.

Kollegialentscheidungen unter Zeitdruck

Collegial bodies can react to time pressure either by speeding up their procedure or by transferring urgent decisions to a special organ which can decide very quickly. In Germany, the representative bodies of local government have both options. This article examines decisions of urgency taken by a special organ of local government. This article analyses the circumstances in which such decisions are taken based on the relevant literature as well as on self-collected data from cities in North Rhine Westphalia. The results can be put into five categories. Although the relevant Länder laws vary at the level of detail, they are united by a common structure. They determine that a decision is urgent only when the representative body – even applying an accelerated procedure – cannot decide in time. They set out which organ is legally competent to decide and require that the representative body of local government either approves the decision in retrospect or is, at least, informed of it. According to these regulations the decision of urgency is always concomitant with a decision on the legal competency of the special organ and on the administrative matter at hand. Their application raises numerous legal questions. In the majority of cases, decisions of urgency are taken in violation of the legal requirement, even though the representative body could have taken the decision by applying an accelerated procedure. From the perspective of those involved calling a special meeting takes too much time and effort to decide on an issue which is, in most cases, completely uncontested. Currently, a correction of this unlawful practice by legal means virtually impossible. It is, therefore, suggested that each member of the representative body should be given standing to bring a claim for judicial review. In terms of legal policy, urgent decisions should to be allowed also when the representative body cannot decide in time at the next regular meeting.

Perlindungan Perempuan dalam Hukum Perkawinan di Indonesia

The Indonesian Constitutional Court granted part of the claim for the judicial review lawsuit on Law No. 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage for Article 7 Paragraph 1 related to the age of marriage. The article is considered discriminatory against women and is considered legalizing child marriages because the lowest age limit for women can be married is 16 years old, different from the lowest age limit for men, 19 years old. The global consensus on the need to abolish early marriage, forced marriage, and child marriage is actually made and agreed upon by UN member countries, including Indonesia. There are a number of adverse effects that can arise in child marriage, such as impacts related to health, education and economic aspects, including violations of children's rights. This paper examines the age limit of marriage in the perspective of Islamic law, which can then become state policy. Marriage is a legal act that requires the doers to meet the criteria of legal competency. Marriage also requires the responsibility of the parties to fulfill their rights and obligations, so that the aspect of maturity in marriage is a must.

Empathy in the legal profession and its role in shaping my career

The incorporation of empathy skills in a legal setting has gained a considerable amount of traction in recent years and is deemed to be a core legal competency required as part of legal training.This reflection aims to critique the use of empathy in a legal context and reflect on how my experience of working in the Student Law Office (SLO) has helped to deepen my understanding of both the role of empathy and requirement of using empathy as a tool to use in legal practice.

Problems of Legal Competency of Innovative Infrastructure Subject within the Format of Assistance to Entrepreneurship in Forestry Legal Relations: Expediency of European Union Experience Implementation

At present there is observed a change in world economy and development of evolving market relations in society alongside the transition of economy to innovative mode of development. Innovation infrastructure subjects act as obligatory participants of innovative relationships. According to the Law of Ukraine “On Investment Activity”, art.5, the subjects of innovative activities are physical and (or) juridical persons of Ukraine, physical and (or) juridical persons of foreign states, persons without citizenship, associations of the mentioned persons who conduct innovative activities in Ukraine and (or) involve property and intellectual values, invest their own or borrowed finances for realizing innovative projects in Ukraine[1]. Entrepreneurship is considered a leading component in the processes of stable development of forest resources under conditions of market liberalization of utilizing natural resources and forest in the EU. Attracting investments to this sphere is to be based on recognition of all kinds of forestry operations as business activities with corresponding remuneration of these activities’ results. Besides, improvement of financial mechanism is an integral condition of ecologically balanced use of forestry, because at present it acts as an impeding factor of efficient development of forestry into the EU countries. Investment provision improvement is possible under favorable credit and financial preconditions for financing the processes of restoring forest resources potential. It is possible to improve investment attractiveness of forestry business, especially for foreign investors, on the premise of real implementation of elements of modern ecological management into business practices. Keywords: EU countries, foreign experience, entrepreneurship, forests, forestry legal relations, innovations, innovative activities, innovative infrastructure, subjects.[1] Law of Ukraine “On investment activities”. The Verkhovna Rada Bulletin, 2002, no 36, p. 266.