Smiling vs. Frowning Faces

Participatory development has become an integral strategy for achieving sustainable tourism in view of the varying impacts brought by mass tourism. Community participation ensures local control of the pace of tourism development and the creation of a more personalised tourism product. However, some studies have stated tension between governments and locals, which has hindered tourism development. This study, thus, sought to explore the extent to which communities are involved in decision-making and how useful the outcome has been. To achieve the study objectives, two tourism sites in Ghana implemented based on participatory principles, namely Kakum National Park and Afadjato Mountain, were compared. Results of the study suggest there is a fair degree of community involvement at the Gbledi Traditional Area (Afadjato) leading to satisfaction (smiling-faces), rather than Abrafo-Odumase (Kakum), which exhibited dissatisfaction (frowning-faces). The policy and research implications relate mainly to the challenge of achieving sustainable tourism development at the community level.

TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP AND ENERGIZING ORGANIZATIONAL LEARNING: EMPIRICAL MODEL FOR IMPROVING COMMUNITY-BASED ECO-TOURISM PERFORMANCE IN INDONESIA

This paper aimed to examine the effect of transformational leadership, energizing organizational learning and teamwork efficacy on improving Indonesia community-based eco-tourism organization performance. A field survey was conducted in the Tasikmalaya tourism sector. A total of 205 eco-tourism workers were surveyed to obtain data. This study offered a conceptual model for variable proposed to improve the eco-tourism community performance. The findings show that transformational leadership and energizing the organizational learning process positively affects organizational performance in the eco-tourism community. The author argues that energizing the organizational learning process mediates the relation between transformational leadership and organizational performance. This study addressed gaps in transformational leadership literature and practices by examining the interactions between energizing organizational learning process and eco-tourism workers teamwork's efficacy.

Model Ecotourism-Based Tourism Development Strategy and Empowerment of Local Communities in Merauke Regency

The research objectives are to produce a strategy model for ecotourism development that supports the empowerment of local communities in Merauke Regency.The research method uses Research & Development to create a model of empowerment through community-based learning, by evaluating the implementation of tourism strategies, which are realized in the form of activity guides and training, for the tourism community in Merauke Regency, by involving the Tourism Office, Tourism Business Actors, and traditional community managers tourist village.The results of the study explain the stages of ecotourism development and empowerment strategies including Strategy development of concepts, vision and mission to become guidance in implementation by providing an impact on the emergence of motivation and clarity of types of profitable tourism businesses and expanding access in accordance with their potential.Strategy for capacity building and participation is a lesson for participants in doing business based on groups, understanding how to maintain customers, how to manage a more productive business that results in community participation that supports tourism businesses. Commitment consolidation strengthening strategy embracing all stakeholders and external carrying capacity in the process of empowering and developing eco-tourism, so that the acceleration of the world of tourism is quickly obtained.Strategy for Strengthening Environmental Carrying Capacity is the internal carrying capacity and potential that exists in tourism objects based on the carrying capacity of culture, socio-economics and the carrying capacity of natural resources so that sustainability and natural conservation are achieved.

STRATEGI PENGELOLAAN DESTINASI PARIWISATA BERBASIS KOMUNITAS PASCA PANDEMI COVID19

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on people's lives today. One of the sectors most affected is the tourism and hospitality sector and its supporting businesses. With the exploitation of natural resources on a large scale, environmental pollution occurs everywhere, concern for nature and the environment decreases. Therefore, there needs to be a fundamental change in the mindset and behavior related to the tourism industry. This paper attempts to reflect on the situation mentioned above regarding decent tourism activities to respond to the pandemic. According to many studies, conventional tourism (mass tourism) contributes to environmental damage to some degree. Therefore, it is time to redesign the post-pandemic tourism destination strategy that considers the concept of Sustainable Tourism, Community Based Tourism (CBT), Social Capital, and the use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT).This study aims to answer how to find an adequate tourism destination management strategy. We examine various options for Community-Based Tourism Destination Management Strategies in the post-Covid 19 pandemic. This paper is a theoretical review of the literature and the results and case studies of previous studies. The results of this study may be able to contribute to more in-depth analysis in future research.Pandemi Covid-19 mempunyai pengaruh yang signifikan dalam kehidupan masyarakat saat ini. Salah satu sector yang paling terdampak adalah bidang pariwisata dan perhotelan serta bisnis pendukungnya. Dengan eksploitasi sumber daya alam secara besar-besaran, pencemaran lingkungan terjadi di mana-mana, kepedulian terhadap alam dan lingkungan berkurang. Oleh karena itu, perlu ada perubahan mendasar dalam pola pikir dan perilaku terkait industri pariwisata. Tulisan ini berusaha merefleksikan situasi tersebut di atas terkait dengan kegiatan pariwisata yang layak untuk merespon situasi pandemi. Menurut banyak penelitian, pariwisata konvensional (pariwisata massal) berkontribusi terhadap kerusakan lingkungan sampai tingkat tertentu. Oleh karena itu, sudah saatnya merancang kembali strategi destinasi pariwisata pascapandemi yang mempertimbangkan konsep Sustainable Tourism, Community Based Tourism (CBT), Social Capital, dan pemanfaatan Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi (TIK). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjawab bagaimana menemukan strategi pengelolaan destinasi pariwisata yang memadai. Kami mengkaji berbagai opsi Strategi Pengelolaan Destinasi Pariwisata Berbasis Masyarakat di masa pasca Pandemi Covid 19. Makalah ini merupakan kajian teoritis kepustakaan dan hasil serta studi kasus dari penelitian-penelitian sebelumnya.Hasil penelitian ini mungkin dapat memberikan kontribusi untuk analisis yang lebih mendalam pada penelitian selanjutnya.

The Empowerment of Tourism Community Through Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Program

Community empowerment has an important role in building sustainable tourism. One of the plans used for community empowerment in tourism areas is the implementation of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) which involves the implementation and participation of the community in program activities. This study aims to define and describe community empowerment in tourism areas through the implementation of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). The research method used is descriptive qualitative with a single embedded case study. The results of this study are: (1) CSR profile of Bank Jatim (East Java Bank), (2) tourism community empowerment based on the CSR program, (3) the implementation of CSR program in tourism area of Pancer Door Beach, and (4) the results of the tourism community empowerment in Pancer Door Beach from CSR program.

Beyond the Psychoactive Effects of Ayahuasca: Cultural and Pharmacological Relevance of Its Emetic and Purging Properties

The herbal preparation ayahuasca has been an important part of ritual and healing practices, deployed to access invisible worlds in several indigenous groups in the Amazon basin and among mestizo populations of South America. The preparation is usually known to be composed of two main plants, Banisteriopsis caapi and Psychotria viridis, which produce both hallucinogenic and potent purging and emetic effects; currently, these are considered its major pharmacological activities. In recent decades, the psychoactive and visionary effect of ayahuasca has been highly sought after by the shamanic tourism community, which led to the popularization of ayahuasca use globally and to a cultural distancing from its traditional cosmological meanings, including that of purging and emesis. Further, the field of ethnobotany and ethnopharmacology has also produced relatively limited data linking the phytochemical diversity of ayahuasca with the different degrees of its purging and emetic versus psychoactive effects. Similarly, scientific interest has also principally addressed the psychological and mental health effects of ayahuasca, overlooking the cultural and pharmacological importance of the purging and emetic activity. The aim of this review is therefore to shed light on the understudied purging and emetic effect of ayahuasca herbal preparation. It firstly focuses on reviewing the cultural relevance of emesis and purging in the context of Amazonian traditions. Secondly, on the basis of the main known phytochemicals described in the ayahuasca formula, a comprehensive pharmacological evaluation of their emetic and purging properties is presented.

TOURISM IN EAST JAVA, AS A USUAL BUSINESS

Covid-19 has had many socio-cultural, economic, and psychological impacts on various tourism stakeholders. The study used in this article is a qualitative exploratory study using the phenomenological method. This study's aim is on tourism activities that took place during the covid 19 periods to the new normal was carried out through interviews and observations in 24 Malang tourism managers and 30 residents. The method used to answer the objectives is a case study that focuses on the manager and the tourism community in Malang Raya. Determination of research informants using the snowball design. At the end of the study, several adaptation patterns carried out by tourism managers were refocusing on their market segments. Following the health protocol, the manager captures local tourists to maintain the capital's liquidity; they must ensure post-crisis periods.

Pelatihan Pemanduan Wisata Berbahasa Isyarat melalui Video Virtual Tour bagi Kelompok Penggerak Pariwisata Desa Wisata Alamendah

The progress of tourism seems has not pay enough attention to the needs of people with disabilities in terms of physical, moreover in the non-physical aspects such as inclusive communication for all tourists. The experience of traveling will be very memorable if there is effective and pleasant communication between tourists and tour managers. This communication can be applied if the manager understands how to communicate using the language that understood by people with disabilities, one of which is sign language. In this community service, sign language training is carried out for tourism community (operators) in order to bridge the need for a memorable travel experience for all tourists, including deaf tourists. This training was initiated early in Alamendah Tourism Village as a tourist village that has begun to develop and well known in the Bandung Regency area. This online training, of course, apart from providing hard skill training, also opens eyes and concerns that there are many things that must be considered and prepared for tourism activities become accessible and open to all humans. This kind of training can certainly be applied elsewhere using and adopting similar steps so that attention and awareness of inclusive tourism can spread and be grounded in Indonesia.

Indigenous Experience as a Strategy to Develop Rural Tourism Identity

Rural tourism is often seen as a tourist attraction, where tourists make their visit only to catch a glimpse of the village’s potential. In contrast to this trend, the rural tourism of in Tanon sub village of in the Semarang regency (Central Java) attempts to offer more by developing its local strength as “Desa Menari” (lit. Dancing Village). It offers tour packages that invite tourists to experience a life in the village, interact with local communities, find happiness, and reinterpret life. The objective of this study is to find out how the local community uses indigenous experience as a strategy to develop rural tourism in the area. This study implemented the communication theory of identity (CTI) by applying qualitative method with a case study approach. After observation and in-depth interview were conducted to rural tourism community, this study found that rural tourism community actively introduces tourism based on local wisdom experiences through the conservation of tourism in Dusun Tanon, including the conservations of community arts, traditional games, and farmer. Indigenous experience as a village identity is constructed according to its purpose, i.e. spreading harmony, knitting inspiration, and reaping memory. This village identity includes personal identity, relational identity, and enacted identity that invite tourists to capture the process of self-meaning or journey into oneself as a psychological experience.

Social exclusion and conflict in a rural tourism community: A case study from Likeng Village, China

Social exclusion is a dynamic process in which an individual or a group becomes isolated from an organization or community and deprived of their due rights and entitlements. This study analyzed a case of social exclusion and tourism conflict in Likeng village, Wuyuan, a rural Chinese community that is economically reliant on the tourism industry. Thematic analysis of interviews with 15 Likeng villagers across two time periods (2010 and 2016) revealed that residents experienced various dimensions of social exclusion. A lack of opportunities for effective participation in economic opportunities, political decisions, and community relationships related to the development of tourism in the community were key features of social exclusion, eventually leading to conflict. Linkages between local problems, policies, and community life should be established and opportunities for meaningful resident input in tourism development decision making should be utilized in order to decrease social exclusion and conflict.