Effects of Negotiated Interaction in L2 Acquisition: A study in Tertiary Education in Bangladesh

The process of L2 (Second language) acquisition is a complicated, conscious one that requires an understanding of L2 input to produce L2 output. Among different strategies, Negotiated Interaction is one way to improve L2 acquisition. Though Bangladesh is a monolingual country, in education system of Bangladesh, English plays an important role. Especially in tertiary education in Bangladesh, English is the dominating medium of teaching and learning. Tertiary education is the level after which usually students in Bangladesh go for searching different types of jobs, so Negotiated Interaction can be helpful to keep a balanced atmosphere of input and output for both the teachers and learners. Apart from some limitations, this strategy can be one of the most effective one in case of teaching and learning in the tertiary education in Bangladesh. The purpose of this article is to show how this strategy improves L2 acquisition. Negotiated Interaction can play an effective role in combining teaching and learning processes for L2 acquisition in tertiary education in Bangladesh.

Quick Cattle and Dying Wishes

What were people's feelings about and towards the animals who worked with them in early modern England? What meaning did those animals have? These questions are the starting point for this book. Current historical analyses tell us how important animals were to the development of the economy and to the process of industrialization, but thus far little has been written recognizing the crucial fact that animals are, and always have been, more than simply stock: they are living, sentient beings with whom negotiated interaction is required. This book will take such interactions as its focus and will return animals to the central place they had in the domestic environments of so many in the early seventeenth century, thus tracking a lost aspect of early modern life: the importance of the day-to-day relationships between humans and the animals they worked with.

Text-based negotiated interaction of NNS-NNS and NNS-NS dyads on Facebook

This study sought to determine the difference in text-based negotiated interaction between non-native speakers of English (NNS-NNS) and between non-native and natives (NNS-NS) in terms of the frequency of negotiated instances, successfully resolved instances, and interactional strategy use when the dyads collaborated on Facebook. It involved 10 native English speakers and 30 learners of English as a foreign language (EFL). NNS-NNS dyads consisted of five H-H pairs and five L-L pairs (H and L representing high- and low-proficiency learners). Similarly, NNS-NS dyads comprised five H-N pairs and five L-N pairs (N being native speakers). All dyads were required to use text chats to complete the given reading tasks synchronously in chatrooms on Facebook. The results suggested that negotiated instances, successfully resolved instances, and interactional strategy use occurred more frequently in H-H pairs than in L-N, L-L, or H-N pairs. In terms of strategy use, H-H, H-N, and L-N dyads were likely to engage in negotiated interaction by employing strategies such as clarifying unclear expressions or checking their comprehension, while L-L used interactional mechanisms infrequently and tended to use strategies such as continuers and asking for assistance. The research concludes with the pedagogical implications of the results.

A communicating object’s approach for smart logistics and safety issues in warehouses

A communicating object, or connected object, is a key element of the Internet of Things to shift a perceptible real world into a wide digital virtual world known as the cyber-physical system. Knowing that sustainability, safety, and logistic issues are among the significant goals and challenges of modern industrial enterprises, the communicating object can be a relevant concept to guarantee safety performance in logistics and warehouse management. This article presents the impacts and advantages of the communicating object in smart logistics and the design of a communicating object model inspired from Internet of Things European research projects, which controls and monitors safety risks in a hazardous and chemical industrial context. Generic safety-based scenarios are presented, which rely on a set of negotiated interaction mechanisms for storage and picking. The relevant deployment of intelligence in a warehouse management system leads to propose a new concept called “IoT-controlled Safe Area.” Our contribution is to bring informational, communicational, and decisional capabilities close to the warehousing physical world thanks to the communicating object. This enables achieving safety assurance with a decrease in the decision-making delay and an increase in the solving efficiency of local and dynamic disruptions, while avoiding inherent shortcomings of the warehouse management system centralization. For this, an industrial implementation is presented.

Introduction

This Introduction explains the overall plan for the volume. There is, first of all, a focus on figures. The contributions engage with the very qualities that make the field fascinating to a contemporary audience: the interplay between charismatic individuals, the negotiated interaction of widely different intellectual outlooks, the intervention of critical voices of dissent and disavowal. There is, second, a new periodization of the history of philosophy in India. The earliest period of what I call “philosophies of path and purpose”; the period of compilation of sūtra and its legacy; an age of dialogue within a Sanskrit cosmopolis; an age of disquiet; a period initiated by Gaṅgeśa; a period of early modernity; the period we might describe as “the eve of Independence”; and finally, the period of post-Independence modern Indian philosophers. The Introduction concludes by saying something about the very concept of philosophy.