R-Software for the Assessment of Structural Changes in Fisheries Production of Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu for Indian GDP

A Chow test was applied to analyze the structural changes in GDP of India with respect to Fisheries GDP obtained from the states of Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu using Unrestricted and Restricted Linear Regression models in matrix notation for the period of 2000–01 to 2013–14. The GDP and Fisheries GDP data pertaining to the state of Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu for the periods 2000–01 to 2006–07 and 2007–08 to 2013–14 were also collected for analyzing the structural changes between earmarked two periods as well as states from 2000–01 to 2013–14. In this study, the Chow test revealed that there was no structural change between the total GDP of India and Fisheries GDP with respect to the states Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu during the periods 2001–2007 and 2008 –2014. However, significant structural changes could be observed between the GDP of India and Fisheries GDP obtained from the states of Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu during the period 2000–2001 to 2013–14.However, there was a positive trend of structural change observed in the states Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu with respect to the GDP of India and Fisheries GDP during the period 2000–2001 to 2012–14. Owing to theses, it is concluded that the contribution of fisheries with respect to the country’s GDP between the periods made a significant structural change however no many structural changes were observed in two time periods within the states.

Analisis Pengaruh Leverage, Likuiditas, Efisiensi dan Ekspektasi Pertumbuhan Laba terhadap Market-Beta pada Perusahaan Non-Keuangan LQ45

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh variabel independen (DOL, DFL, CR, TATO, dan PER) terhadap beta-pasar (market-beta). Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah perusahaan non-keuangan LQ 45 yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) selama periode 2016 - 2020. Dalam pengujian pengaruh variabel independen (DOL, DFL, CR, TATO, dan PER) terhadap beta-pasar (market-beta) digunakan data panel dengan menggunakan Pooled least-square dan fixed effect dengan metode cross-section weights. Karena yang dihasilkan diuji dengan uji chow (chow test) diketahui f statistiknya lebih besar dari f tabel. Maka, hipotesis nol ditolak. Dari hasil regresi dengan pooled-least-square dan fixed effect dengan metode cross-section weights berpengaruh positif terhadap beta-pasar (market-pasar). DOL, DFL dan PER menggambarkan sales, net income dan ekspetasi perusahaan terhadap laba perusahaan. Sedangkan CR dan TATO terbukti berpengaruh negatif terhadap beta-pasar. CR dan TATO menggambarkan kemampuan perushaan untuk membayar pinjaman dan efisiensi perusahaan dalam memanfaatkan asetnya untuk menghasilkan keuntungan.

KEBIJAKAN DIVIDEN DAN DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP RETURN SAHAM PERUSAHAAN PERBANKAN DAN LEMBAGA KEUANGAN BUKAN BANK YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA

<span><strong>Abstrak: </strong><span>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh <span><em>Dividend Payout Ratio, Earning per</em><br /><span><em>Share, Return on Equity </em><span>dan <span><em>Return on Asset </em><span>terhadap <span><em>Return </em><span>Saham Perusahaan Perbankan dan<br /><span>Perusahaan Lembaga Keuangan Bukan Bank yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia antara tahun 20016-<br /><span>2018. Berdasarkan seleksi sampel dengan metode <span><em>purposive sampling </em><span>diambil jumlah 29 Perusahaan<br /><span>Perbankan dan 27 Perusahaan Lembaga Keuangan Bukan Bank. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah<br /><span>regresi berganda dan <span><em>Chow Test</em><span>. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa <span><em>Dividend Payout Ratio</em><br /><span>berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap <span><em>Return </em><span>Saham Perusahaan Perbankan, di sisi lain berpengaruh<br /><span>negatif signifikan terhadap <span><em>Return </em><span>Saham Perusahaan Lembaga Keuangan Bukan Bank. <span><em>Return on</em><br /><span><em>Equity </em><span>berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap <span><em>Return </em><span>Saham Perusahaan Lembaga Keuangan Bukan<br /><span>Bank. Berdasarkan hasil analisis <span><em>Chow Test </em><span>dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan pengaruh<br /><span><em>Dividend Payout Ratio, Earning per Share, Return on Equity </em><span>dan <span><em>Return on Asset </em><span>terhadap <span><em>Return </em><span>Saham<br /><span>Perusahaan Perbankan dan Perusahaan Lembaga Keuangan Bukan Bank.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br /><br class="Apple-interchange-newline" /></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>

ESTIMATING THE GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT OF NIGERIA DURING MILITARY AND CIVILIAN REGIMES: A CHOW TEST

Gross domestic product is the commonest economic vari- able that is used to measure economic performance, either for intertemporal or international comparison. Nigeria as a country has been ruled since independence by two sets of regimes: the military and the civilian. Arguments were and still are concerned with which of the two regimes favoured the country economically. The study therefore estimates the gross domestic product of Nigeria using Chow test. The essence of Chow test is to determine if there was structural break from the point the country fully began civilian dis- pensation from the previous military regime. Using both the F statistic and the Chow test, the results show that there was indeed structural break between the military regime and the civilian regime. This result was further confirmed by the Cusum Square test that shows that the overall model was unstable before the correction. The results further show that out of five components of aggregate demand, four of the variables have coefficients higher during the civilian than the military regime. The study therefore concluded that civilian rule is better economically than military rule in Nigeria. It was recommended that politicians and politi- cal office holders should act within the ambit of the law to sustain the democracy the country is currently enjoying.

The Effect Of Capital Adequacy Ratio and Loan To Deposit Ratio on Banking Profitability

The objective of this research is to analyses the influence of Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR), Size, Operations Expenses to Operations Income (BOPO), toward Profitability of Domestic Banks and Foreign Banks in January 2003 until December 2007. This research also used Chow Test to analyses the influence of Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR), Size, Operations Expenses to Operations Income (BOPO), toward Profitability between State Owned Banks and Foreign Banks. This research used time series data from Bank Indonesia’s three-monthly domestic Banks and Foreign Banks published financial reports. After passed the purposive sampling phase, the number of valid samples is 10 Domestic Banks and 10 Foreign Banks. This research used multiple regression analysis to analyses the data. This research also used Chow Test to analyses the influence of Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR), Size, Operations Expenses to Operations Income (BOPO), toward Profitability between Domestic Banks and Foreign Banks. Empirical evidence shows that Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR) has a positive and significant influence toward profitability in State Owned Banks. And only Size has positive and significant influenced toward profitability in foreign bank. The result of this research shows that adjusted R2 from Domestic Banks is 90,2% and Foreign Banks is 45,1%. F test shows that in simultant, Domestic Banks, Foreign Banks, variable independent influence variable dependent. Chow Test result shows influence of Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR), Size, Operations Expenses to Operations Income (BOPO) toward Profitability between Domestic Banks and Foreign Banks. This research result can be consideration for investor in invested whether domestic bank and foreign bank. Existence global competition that always change caused domestic bank and foreign bank must follow the flow of global competition changing to maintain survive, with this competition then needed for future research.

The Impact of Foreign Aid on Economic Growth in Palestine: An Empirical Evidence

This study examines the Impact of Foreign Aid on Economic Growth in Palestine by considering time series data of the last twenty years from (2000-2019). Foreign Aid's Impact on the Palestinian Economy explored with the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) as the dependent variable against few selected independent variables such as Foreign Aid, Remittance, Investment, Labour Force and Lagged (GDP). This study used the Partial Adjustment Model to analyze the Impact of Foreign Aid on Economic Growth in Palestine and also applied the (Chow Test) to examine whether there was a Structural Breakthrough in the Palestinian Economy. The results indicate that Foreign Aid has a positive relationship with (GDP). However, the relationship is not significant since the higher volume of Foreign Aid used in Humanitarian and Social Welfare rather than Production Activities in the real sectors. (Chow Test) shows that the relationship between Foreign Aid (GDP) has not witnessed a Structural Breakthrough in the Palestinian Economy over the past twenty years. In light of these empirical results, we suggest that Government Policy-Makers and Decision-Makers allocate this Foreign Aid to Productive Sectors and Human Capital formation (HC) activities with a special focus on capital expenditures to achieve a high rate of the country's Economic Growth and Development and to meet the periodic plan and Long-Term Development goals.

Pengaruh Pengungkapan Corporate Social Responsibility Terhadap Kinerja Keuangan Perbankan Indonesia (Studi Komparatif Perbankan BUMN dan Swasta)

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji pengaruh pengungkapan corporate social responsibility (CSR) terhadap kinerja keuangan perusahaan perbankan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia yang diproksikan oleh indikator keuangan berupa ROA, ROE, NIM dan CAR. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh perusahaan perbankan di Indonesia dari tahun 2012 sampai dengan 2014. Prosedur pemilihan sampel adalah purposive sampling sehingga diperoleh 20 perusahaan. Model penelitian yang digunakan sebagai alat uji adalah partial least square (PLS) dan Chow Test untuk melihat perbedaan pengaruhnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengungkapan corporate social responsibility berpengaruh secara positif terhadap kinerja keuangan perusahaan perbankan yang diproksikan oleh indikator ROA, ROE, dan CAR, baik perbankan berstatus BUMN maupun berstatus Swasta. Sementara untuk indikator NIM tidak berpengaruh secara positif oleh pengungkapan corporate social responsibility baik perbankan berstatus BUMN maupun Swasta. Untuk perbedaan pengaruh menggunakan Chow Test diketahui bahwa untuk indikator ROE terdapat perbedaan pengaruh pengungkapan corporate social responsibility antara perusahaan perbankan BUMN dan Swasta. Sementara untuk indikaor ROA, NIM dan CAR tidak terdapat perbedaan pengaruh.

Impact of competition & economic policy uncertainty on payout policy of the Indian pharmaceutical industry

Extant literature shows that competition and Economic Policy Uncertainty (EPU) have a bearing on the economic growth, investments and payout policies. However, studies in this area have been limited in India. The objective of this paper is to examine the influence of competition and EPU on the Dividend Payments of Indian Pharmaceutical Industry and whether the dividend payment was affected by the Financial Crisis of 2008/09. The study is conducted on 12-year data i.e. from 1.4.2007 to 31.3.2019. Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) is used to check the market concentration and EPU is measured by the newly developed Newspaper based EPU index. Profitability, leverage and firm size are used as control variables. Fixed Effects model in Panel regression is used. Chow test checks if there was any break in the dividend payment during the Financial Crisis. The study establishes that dividend payment is inversely related to industry concentration - when there is more competition, there is more dividend payment in the industry. Dividend payment is positively related to EPU. Higher the uncertainty, higher the dividend. While leverage is inversely related to dividend payment, size of the firm does not play any role. Chow test confirms that Financial Crisis did not influence the dividend payout.

Kinerja Kesehatan Bank Pembangunan Daerah Indonesia Dengan Chow Test dan Hausman Test

Regional Bank is a commercial bank whose shares owned by the provincial government. So that, the Regional Bank plays indirectly a very large role in regional development. However, these Regional Banks have not contributed significantly to the development of their respective regions. From this description, this study aims to analyze the health performance of Regional Banks after the global economic crisis in 2008 using the Chow Test and the Hausman Test. This study has a population of 26 Regional Banks and a sample of 25 banks which are selected using purposive sampling. The result showed that from their financial ratios, Regional Banks tend to be in very healthy condition. Based on the research period from 2009 to 2019, the Regional Banks also shows results that tend to be very healthy. In terms of financial ratios and research period, the Loan to Deposit ratio tends to show fairly healthy results. Both of these results are supported by adjusted R2 using the Chow Test and Hausman Test of 0.86 which means that all of these financial ratios have an effect of 86% with details that Capital Adequacy Ratio, Net Performing Loan, Net Interest Margin, and Loan to Deposit Ratio has a significant positive effect, while Return on Equity has positive and insignificant effect and Operational Cost of Operating Cost of Operating Income has a significant negative effect on Return on Assets. Keywords: Regional Banks, Capital Adequacy Ratio, Non-Performing Loan, Return on Assets, Return on Equity, Net Interest Margin, Operational Cost of Operating Income, Loan to Deposit Ratio, Chow Test, and Hausman Test.