Delegitimizing Strategies and Tactics in a Discourse of Political Scientists (on an Example of Publications of Cyril Rogov)

Offered article is devoted to a problem of studying of communicative repertoir of political scientists. The given problem is actual in connection with distinction of objectives which are pursued by politicians and political scientists, and as consequence, distinction of their communicative strategy and tactics used in professional work. A leading position a discourse of political scientists strategy and borrow tactics which have been directed on confirming of legality and illegality of political processes. The article describes the features of the implementation of delegitimizing strategies and tactics in the publications of one of the most authoritative Russian political scientists – Kirill Rogov. Delegitimization as macrostrategy is carried out through a number of private communicative strategy and tactics realizing them, in particular, T. van Leuven has allocated four basic ways of giving of illegality to actions of authority: it is 1) the link on authority; 2) an ethical assessment; 3) rationalization; 4) mythopoetics. All the listed strategy (though and with a different degree of rate) are used in Cyril Rogov’s publications. Results of research specify, that key, possessing the person attractiveness, as communicative tactics of delegitimization tactics of a moral assessment and tactics of analogy act tactics of the appeal to “impersonal” authority. As one of the main features of the argument of own positions Cyril Rogov actively uses the reference to realities of the Soviet epoch, spending thus analogy between events of the present and Stalin reprisals, and in such a way specifies on illegitimacy many political decisions and political events. In addition, all the delegitimizing strategies and tactics used by Kirill Rogov are distinguished by the variety of lexical and syntactic means used, as well as by their pronounced evaluativeness and metaphoricity.

La colère dans les Sentences attribuées à Publilius

In the Sententiae associated with Publilius, there are two main characteristics of anger: its brevity and its danger. Such a view was common by the end of the Republic. The moral assessment of anger can vary: when it is the result of a thoughtless impulsion, which occurs most of the time, the anger is blamed, but several verses seem to approve it when it came from a wise man. It is hard to understand whether this fact is influenced by a philosophy (Epicuraneism) or by dramaturgic necessities we do not know because of the fragmentary state of our corpus. It is nevertheless possible to assign a role to anger in several usual mime plots: it can provoke an argument as well as a reconciliation between two people who are in love and, as it appeared in Classical Comedy, it seems to occur often in a father-son relationship. Dans les Sentences attribuées à Publilius, deux traits sont inhérents à la colère: sa brièveté et sa dangerosité, ce qui reflète une vision largement partagée à la fin de la République. L’appréciation morale, elle, est variable: lorsqu’elle procède d’un élan irréfléchi, ce qui est le cas ordinaire, la colère est condamnée, mais plusieurs vers semblent l’approuver quand elle émane d’un sage. Il est difficile de déterminer si ce fait résulte d’une influence philosophique (l’épicurisme) ou de nécessités dramaturgiques qui nous échappent en raison du caractère fragmentaire du corpus. Il est toutefois possible d’assigner un rôle à la colère dans certaines intrigues probablement classiques du mime: elle est susceptible de provoquer aussi bien la fâcherie que la réconciliation entre amoureux et, à l’instar de la comédie classique, paraît fréquente dans les relations entre un père et son fils.

THE PLOT OF THE BEATING OF A HORSE: A DIALOGUE BETWEEN L.M. LEONOV AND F.M. DOSTOEVSKY

В статье сопоставляются сон Раскольникова из «Преступления и наказания» Ф.М. Достоевского и «сценка на базаре» из «Пирамиды» Л.М. Леонова. История избиения лошади получает в XX в. другую нравственную оценку: индивидуальная теория Раскольникова превращается в идеологию государства и общества. The article compares the first dream of Raskolnikov («Crime and Punishment» by F.M. Dostoevsky) and the «scene at the bazaar» («Pyramid» by L.M. Leonov) seen by Matvey Loskutov. The history of beating a horse receives in the XX century. another moral assessment: Raskolnikov’s individual theory turns into the ideology of the state and society.

Adherence to public institutions that foster cooperation

Humans typically consider altruism a moral good and condition their social behavior on the moral reputations of others. Indirect reciprocity explains how social norms and reputations support cooperation: individuals cooperate with others who are considered good. Indirect reciprocity works when an institution monitors and publicly broadcasts moral reputations. Here we develop a theory of adherence to public monitoring in societies where individuals are, at first, independently responsible for evaluating the reputations of their peers. Using a mathematical model, we show that adherence to an institution of moral assessment can evolve and promote cooperation under four different social norms, including norms that previous studies found to perform poorly. We determine how an institution’s size and its degree of tolerance towards anti-social behavior affect the rate of cooperation. Public monitoring serves to eliminate disagreements about reputations, which increases cooperation and payoffs, so that adherence evolves by social contagion and remains robust against displacement.

Shaping a Concept of Terrorist Acts

Chapter 1 is concerned with bringing some clarity to the widespread conceptual confusion around what terms like “terrorist,” “terrorist act,” and “terrorism” mean. Without being too rigid about definition, it is important to operate with some agreed definitional clarity in the area. The chapter defends the value of such a definitional enterprise and then provides what it calls a tactical definition of a terrorist act that aims to capture a central core involved in talk about terrorism, and opens discussion of terrorist acts to cogent moral assessment. The author’s definition of a terrorist act is: “A political act, ordinarily committed or inspired by an organized group, in which violence is intentionally directed at non-combatants (or ‘innocents’ in a suitable sense) or their significant property, in order to cause them serious harm.” The rest of the chapter discusses advantages of the definition and criticizes a number of objections to it.

Moral Aspects of Imaginative Art in Thomas Aquinas

For Thomas Aquinas, the imagination, being one of the “inner senses”, is a doorway to attain true knowledge. In this paper, we first analyze his lexicon in this regard (imaginatio and phantasia). Second, we discuss imagination as the subject matter of the intellectual virtues, which facilitate cognition and judgment. The development of imagination is the foundation of his vision of education not only on the natural but also on the supernatural level. Third, we explore Aquinas’ moral assessment of imaginative art and finally its influence on shaping the character. This influence occurs on two levels: it is assessed from the perspective of charity, justice, prudence and purity, namely to what extent the art serves these values, whereas the second criterion is beauty.

On the Necessity of Referral to t he Category "Randomity" In the Process of Moral Assessment of Individual's Acts

In the article, firstly through the analysis of the history of ethical teachings, the basic requirements for the procedure of moral assessment, for its subject (the legitimacy of this assessment) and the object (taking into account the consequences of the act, their motives, as well as the ratio of the goal and the means used to achieve it) are identified. Consideration of a particular deed taking into account all these aspects, it would seem, allows us to make its moral assessment objective, impartial, fair. However, secondly (and most importantly!), we substantiate the thesis that if this consideration is not supplemented with the category of randomity (moreover, interpreted as aclinamen), then the resulting assessment will itself be morally problematic, giving rise to moral complacency and depriving us the opportunity to help a morally stumbled person.

The First Quarantine: How the Plague Became a Political Disease

The great plague of 1665-1666 is one of the starting points for the birth of biopolitics in its modern form. The quarantine measures introduced by the government have been considered effective from the medical point of view since the middle of the 18th century. However, many of those contemporary with the plague were convinced that the state was only worsening matters for London’s inhabitants. The author examines why the plague elicited such an ambivalent response in England and how the disease stopped being a composite object and turned into a “comfortable, domesticated” concept. The article investigates why the moral assessment of those measures has become so different over the past hundred years and shows how the quarantine in London influenced the “hygienic revolution.” Apart from its historical interest, this case is a suitable topic for the use of STS methodology because it illustrates the impossibility providing a complete description of the quarantine process and subsequent medical treatment in terms of a conflict between different actors. In order to understand why these measures have subsequently been perceived in this fashion, the author applies the concept of Lovecraftian horror, which offers a way to describe the situation of “collisions” with the plague. By describing how biopolitics released the moral tension built up by the co-existence of different interpretations of the causes of the epidemic, the author reconstructs the retrospective creation of the myth about the success of the quarantine. He contrasts the logic of “multiplicity” with the unifying descriptions and shows the kind of problems a “blurred” ontology can bring on during a crisis in everyday life. This leads to a discussion of the difficulty of holding onto unstable objects that have the potential for liberation from the logic of paternalistic care.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ATTITUDES TO MONEY AND INDICATORS OF SELF-REGULATION OF PSYCHOLOGY STUDENTS

The article is devoted to the study of the relationship between self-regulation and attitude to money among psychology students. Using the methods of V. I. Morosanova "Style of self-regulation of behavior", the questionnaire "Attitude to money" by M. Yu. Semenov and the questionnaire by E. I. Gorbacheva and A. B. Kupreichenko "Moral assessment of money" and Spearman's correlation analysis the authors are proving the hypothesis that there is a relationship between the general level of self-regulation and attitude to money. Main correlations were revealed between the self-regulation style "evaluation of money" and the significance of money, the self-regulation style "modeling" and the moral evaluation of money. It was found that the higher the overall level of self-regulation among students, the more marked the relationship with a rational attitude to money and fixation on money