Delegitimizing Strategies and Tactics in a Discourse of Political Scientists (on an Example of Publications of Cyril Rogov)

Offered article is devoted to a problem of studying of communicative repertoir of political scientists. The given problem is actual in connection with distinction of objectives which are pursued by politicians and political scientists, and as consequence, distinction of their communicative strategy and tactics used in professional work. A leading position a discourse of political scientists strategy and borrow tactics which have been directed on confirming of legality and illegality of political processes. The article describes the features of the implementation of delegitimizing strategies and tactics in the publications of one of the most authoritative Russian political scientists – Kirill Rogov. Delegitimization as macrostrategy is carried out through a number of private communicative strategy and tactics realizing them, in particular, T. van Leuven has allocated four basic ways of giving of illegality to actions of authority: it is 1) the link on authority; 2) an ethical assessment; 3) rationalization; 4) mythopoetics. All the listed strategy (though and with a different degree of rate) are used in Cyril Rogov’s publications. Results of research specify, that key, possessing the person attractiveness, as communicative tactics of delegitimization tactics of a moral assessment and tactics of analogy act tactics of the appeal to “impersonal” authority. As one of the main features of the argument of own positions Cyril Rogov actively uses the reference to realities of the Soviet epoch, spending thus analogy between events of the present and Stalin reprisals, and in such a way specifies on illegitimacy many political decisions and political events. In addition, all the delegitimizing strategies and tactics used by Kirill Rogov are distinguished by the variety of lexical and syntactic means used, as well as by their pronounced evaluativeness and metaphoricity.

Making the Case for Democracy

Political entrepreneurs put liberal democracy under pressure by fueling concerns and exploiting citizens’ fragile commitment to this system of government. As difficult trade-offs are made apparent in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic, we investigate one communicative strategy that political elites who want to defend the principles and practices of self-governance in pluralist societies can pursue. We propose “democratic persuasion” as an actionable, theory-driven intervention to increase the resilience of citizens' commitment to liberal democracy. "Democratic persuasion" requires that legislators actively make the case for democracy and discuss inherent trade-offs while engaging existing doubts and misperceptions. We invited citizens on facebook to attend one of sixteen Zoom townhalls organized in collaboration with members of the German parliament. Each legislator conducted two town halls and we randomly assigned the townhall, where they employed "democratic persuasion". Results suggest that “democratic persuasion” increases support for liberal democracy among citizens in the short term.

Code and messages interpretation on COVID-19 street banner

COVID-19 Street banner is one of various ways and medias used for communicating and informing about the virus that contain of whether invitation, prohibition, or strategies to reduce the spread of Corona virus outbreak to society. Based on an interdisciplinary theoretical framework, this study revealed to the genaral understanding of the COVID-19 banners and how this media contribute to the overcoming of the pandemic spreading. In order to examine and explain the interpretations and influences of this media associated with the awareness and information on how to reduce the COVID-19 outbreak through the images and verbal signs of the banner, this present work analyzed COVID-19 street banner that circulated on the street and building around Medan to Binjai about COVID-19. The study employed the theories of social semiotics by using Barthes theory with descriptive visual study design approach to reveal the code and message of the banner. The result showed that those banners conveyed the similar message that doing the heath protocols are able to reduce the spreading of the virus and they have special effect on society. Government ministry and various organizations worked together to educate and encourage society about COVID-19 through street banners as their communicative strategy.

Danish satisfaction and Austrian discontent with their governments’ measures during the Covid-19 crisis: Explanations from a citizenship perspective

The various interventions that governments took in the first wave of the Covid-19 outbreak impacted people severely. Given the low satisfaction with the government performance in Austria compared to Denmark, though both governments set out with a suppression strategy early on and were able to lower infection rates, we analyse the changes in civil, political and social citizenship and the governmental communicative practices during the first Covid response phase from March to August 2020. Employing a case-oriented qualitative comparison, we find that a combination of factors explains the different degree of satisfaction. In Austria, there was a combination of politics of fear, extensive and authoritarian regulations of civil citizenship, political citizenship was challenged and social citizenship undermined. In Denmark, an engaging and caring communicative strategy was employed, political citizenship was maintained and civil citizenship was curtailed less obstructively and was less policed. Social citizenship also was upheld for larger groups.

What does the title of the radio program lead to? On the question of the communicative function of the title

The title of the radio program is considered in the aspect of its perception by the addressee. The research material is fragments of the hyperradiotext of the program "Equals among the Firsts", including the title, annotation, announcements of the radio program, as well as comments from Internet users and survey data. The research was carried out in the following stages: searching for associations related to the name of the radio program; establishing a connection between the title and the topic of the program; identifying the actualization of the program title in the announcements of specific issues; analyzing the perception of the title of the radio program by the addressee. The author's communicative strategy of naming a radio program is defined in the case when the name does not have an informative function and hinders cognitive forecasting. A technique is proposed that allows the addressee to realize the connection of the title of the radio program with its subject matter. A certain type of title is considered, which serves as an impulse that allows the addressee, using a number of associative actions, to unravel all the meanings laid down by the author and read them.

Typology of Verbal and Communicative Strategy

This article discusses the typology of speech and communicative strategy. Speech and communicative strategy is analyzed in terms of a pragmalinguistic, psycholinguistic, and cognitive approach. Methods of applying different communication strategies in different discourses are considered. The transition of communicative and speech strategies to communicative tactics according to the communication situation and the types of communicative tactics were analyzed using examples, as well as the definitions of research scholars were explained. Keywords: presentation, manipulation, convention, addressee, addresser, psycholinguistics, pragmalinguistics, cognitive linguistics, communicative tactics, communicative discourse, communicative tactics.

Communicative Strategy, the Essence of the Terms of Communicative Tactics and Their Interpretation in World Linguistics

This article discusses communicative linguistics, a key branch of pragmatics. In particular, the concepts of communicahe differences between the purpose of communication and the communication strategy are sttive strategy, communicative tactics are explained, research is analyzed. Scientific views on stated. The role of communicative tactics in political texts is highlighted.

HEDGING IN TED TALKS: A CORPUS-BASED PRAGMATIC STUDY

Hedging is a communicative strategy and a form of pragmatic competence which plays a central role in delivering the intended message of the speaker. Commonly observed in two-way conversations, hedges as hedging devices are also present in monologues. This study investigates the most common hedges used in popular monologues TED Talks as well as observes the various communicative strategies they denote. 130 transcripts of the talks, taped from 2002-2019 taken from the official website of TED (ted.com), are collected to build a corpus of 337,302 tokens. Through corpus-based analysis using concordance software AntConc 3.5.0, 48 most common hedges are inserted for frequency search. The search hits show that the most frequently-used hedges in the corpus are ‘just,’ ‘could,’ ‘you know,’ ‘actually,’ ‘I think,’ and ‘kind of’ with the numbers of occurrence 1107, 554, 541, 530, 390, and 309 respectively. From the analyses of the functions of the most frequent hedges, it can be concluded that each of the hedges serves distinctive pragmatic strategy which contributes in the communicative processes of the talks.

Cognitive maps of discourses of British conservative and Australian liberal political manifestos

The research endeavors to study and determine the influence of cognitive maps on production of political manifestos discourse. The research has been conducted in the framework of Sociocognitive Discourse Studies. The results show that discourse cognitive structure of British Conservative Party and Australian Liberal Party manifestos is characterized by different sets of cognitive maps on the level of communicative strategies and somewhat similar sets of cognitive schemas on the level of communicative tactics. Applying the method of interpropositional semantic analysis, the communicative strategy and communicative tactic of comparison was identified in Australian Liberal Party manifesto. Despite the close affinity between political discourses of the UK and Australia, there are significant differences in patterns of information organization in online manifestos of the ruling parties to engage the community and enhance persuasion.