EMPOWERMENT OF INDONESIAN MILITARY RESERVE COMPONENT IN FACING THE PANDEMIC THREAT OF COVID-19

<div><p class="Els-history-head">Reserve Components are National Resources that have been prepared to be mobilized to enlarge and strengthen the capabilities of the Main Components and Supporting Components. The theory used in this research is the theory of national defense, threat theory, and empowerment. The COVID-19 pandemic is a global health crisis problem that not only affecting the population health sector but also security. The decline in living conditions and people's welfare then also affects the security sector where there is an increase in the number of criminal acts that can threaten public security and order in Indonesia. Therefore, this study aims to find out how the government will empower the reserve components to help protect the country's sovereignty, maintain state security when the COVID-19 pandemic occurs and what steps have been taken by the Indonesian government. The result shows that the Indonesian Military Reserve Component including empowering Indonesian citizens that are implemented by participating and complying with various policies made by the government to reduce the spread of the virus, by implementing health protocols, online learning, enforcing lockdowns, and conducting social distancing. Meanwhile, the government also empowers the national facilities and infrastructure in controlling the COVID-19 virus, one of which is by improving the function of hospital services, cooperate with the mass media to spread information for the people. The government also use information technology to give health service for Indonesian to provide accurate information about COVID-19.</p></div>

Dmitry Lobanov-Rostovsky – the Treaty of Tilsit author

Introduction. In Russian historical science, a steady consensus has been established regarding the biography of Prince Dmitry I. Lobanov-Rostovsky. The article is dedicated to him - the hero of the Crimean battles and the Russian-Turkish war of 1787-1792, an outstanding peacemaker who made an enormous contribution to the conclusion of the Peace of Tilsit, who did much to strengthen the western borders of Russia and the formation of the country’s military reserve in 1812, the commander of the Russian reserve army in 1813. For 10 years he truly was the “Eye of the Emperor” serving as Minister of Justice and Prosecutor General. He was lucky to be a witness to the defeat and flight of Napoleon’s troops outside Russia.Materials and methods. The methodological background of the present research is based on general scientific and specific methods of research into historical and juridical phenomena and processes, as we as system-based comparative statistical analysis.Results of the research. It is revealed and reasonably proved that after the Russian army was defeated in June 1807 near Friedland Alexander I made the right decision to negotiate for truce with Napoleon charging Lobanov-Rostovsky with an assignment to hold the negotiation, who carried out the emperor’s commission brilliantly. The peace was concluded in Tilsit. At that time both Alexander I and Lobanov-Rostovsky realized that a war with France was inevitable. The conclusion of the peace in Tilsit enabled Russia to secure the western frontiers, to prepare the army, to increase its numerical strength and to improve its combat readiness.Discussion and conclusions. The results of the conducted research show as follows: all the activities and the life of Dmitry I. Lobanov-Rostovsky were dedicated to the selfless service to Russia. Whatever posts he held, his activity was based on faith in his people, on the desire to sincerely serve his country.

VOJAŠKA STRATEŠKA REZERVA IN TRANSFORMACIJA SODOBNIH OBOROŽENIH SIL

Povzetek V Sloveniji od sredine prejšnjega desetletja razvijamo koncept vojaške strateške rezerve, vendar se postavlja vprašanje glede njegove skladnosti s procesom transformacije sodobnih vojsk in glede izvedljivosti ter uporabnosti. Zaslediti je mogoče številne težave z vidika demografskega in širšega socialnega konteksta ter organizacijskega vidika. Zamisel o vojaški strateški rezervi ne sledi trendom količinskega in funkcionalnega preoblikovanja rezervnih sil, ki jih zasledimo v okviru širše transformacije sodobnih zahodnih vojsk. Z vidika značilnosti sodobnih konfliktov je učinkovitost zagotavljanja vojaške varnosti s konceptom vojaške strateške rezerve, ki temelji na naboru in mobilizaciji, vprašljiva. Nujna bi bila temeljita presoja ustreznosti koncepta vojaške strateške rezerve z vojaškega vidika. V nasprotnem lahko pride do večanja razlik med deklariranimi in v resnici dosegljivimi cilji. Ključne besede: rezervne sile, strateška rezerva, transformacija, Slovenska vojska, obrambno načrtovanje. Abstract The development of the concept of Military Strategic Reserve in Slovenia can be traced back into the middle of the past decade. However, a question arises about its consistency with the transformation process in the modern armed forces as well as about its feasibility and efficiency. There are several problems from the viewpoint of demographic and broader social context as well as from the organisational viewpoint. The idea of military strategic reserve does not follow the trends of quantitative and functional restructuring of reserve forces present in the broader transformation of modern western armed forces. As far as the characteristics of contemporary conflicts are concerned, the effectiveness of providing military security with the concept of a conscription- and mobilisation-based military reserve is questionable. In order to prevent the widening of the gap between declared and attainable goals, it would be necessary to thoroughly assess the appropriateness of the military strategic reserve concept from a military point of view. Key words: Reserve forces, strategic reserve, transformation, Slovenia Armed Forces, defence planning.