Reimagining China’s Transportation Funding Investments in Africa in the Context of COVID-19

Africa has not invested enough in its healthcare system, and China has been investing in and financing much of Africa’s transportation system. Many African countries’ fragile health and transportation systems have been further weakened by the COVID-19 pandemic. This literature review confirms the interdependence of the key functional areas of comprehensive development planning and the importance of building and maintaining a sound transportation infrastructure. With respect to partnerships with China, African nations need to strengthen government functional areas more comprehensively, considering all of the areas of development planning including trade as well as transportation and aid issues. It is all the more apparent given the COVID-19 pandemic that these trade deals need to include simultaneous heavy investments in healthcare, education, housing, public utilities (water and electricity), and economic development through improved supply chain management and the use of advanced digital technology. In addition to the deal structures for China’s investments in Africa’s transportation infrastructure, there are also opportunities to reimagine the African nations’ internal transportation spending. For example, there are models in the United States for using transportation funds to invest in health clinics in transit stations. The COVID-19 pandemic has brought this issue to bear, and it is a problem that can be rectified with “comprehensive” development planning that takes into account all of the key functional areas of planning: healthcare, environmental protection, safety, education, housing, economic development, and transportation. Five recommendations follow the literature review and discussion.

Exploratory Evaluation of a Concept Combining Incentivized On-Demand Ridesharing with Congestion Pricing

This paper presents an innovative transportation demand management concept involving congestion pricing synergistically combined with incentivized on-demand ridesharing. An exploratory evaluation of the concept was undertaken using sketch-planning tools developed by the Federal Highway Administration. The analysis suggests that the concept could be financially viable, achieve significant economic benefits, and potentially generate surplus revenues that could be sufficient to address transportation funding gaps.

HERITAGE KOTA PONTIANAK SEBAGAI SUMBER BELAJAR DALAM PEMBELAJARAN SEJARAH

<p align="center"><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Tujuan dilaksanakannya penelitian ini yakni: (1) Mengetahui apa sajakah Heritage yang terdapat di Kota Pontianak, bagaimana guru memanfaatkan Heritage kota Pontianak sebagai sumber belajar dalam pembelajaran sejarah, apa sajakah faktor pendukung dan penghambat dalam memanfaatkan Heritage kota Pontianak sebagai sumber belajar dalam pembelajaran sejarah. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada SMA se-kota Pontianak. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah studi deskriptif dengan pendekatan yang digunakan yakni kualitatif. Hasil penelitian adalah 1) Heritage Kota Pontianak dapat kita klasikasikasikan menjadi tiga bagian yakni: Islam, Hindia-Belanda dan Cina Identifikasi 2) Dalam pelaksanaan pembelajaran sejarah beberapa SMA di Kota Pontianak telah memanfaatkan heritage sebagai sumber belajar dalam pembelajaran sejarahnya. Namun pemanfaatan heritage tersebut belum digunakan secara maksimal. Dan 3) Factor pendukung utama adalah dukungan dari sekolah Yang kedua adalah sambutan baik dari lokasi heritage yang dikunjungi. Dan faktor penghambat dalam pelaksanaan adalah transportasi, Pendanaan, dan materi yang didapat terbatas.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Kata Kunci:</strong> <em>heritage</em>; Pontianak; guru dan siswa;</p><p> </p><p align="center"><strong><em>Abstract</em></strong></p><p><em>The objectives of this research are: (1) Knowing what Heritage is in Pontianak City, how teachers use Pontianak City Heritage as a source of learning in history learning, what are the supporting and inhibiting factors in utilizing Pontianak City Heritage as a source of learning in history learning. This research was conducted at high schools throughout Pontianak. The research method used in this research is a descriptive study with the approach used that is qualitative. The results of the study are 1) Pontianak City Heritage can we classify it into three parts namely: Islam, Dutch East Indies and Chinese Identification 2) In the implementation of historical learning several high schools in Pontianak have used heritage as a source of learning in learning history. But the use of heritage has not been used to its full potential. And 3) The main supporting factor is support from the school. The second is good reception from the heritage sites visited. And the inhibiting factors in the implementation are transportation, funding, and the material obtained is limited.</em></p><p><em> </em></p><strong><em>Keywords:</em></strong><em> heritage; Pontianak; teachers and students;</em>

Relating Pavement Condition Index and Present Serviceability Rating for Asphalt-Surfaced Pavements

In response to the two latest transportation funding authorization bills, the Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act and the Fixing America’s Surface Transportation Act, rules that require the reporting of specific pavement condition measures have been developed and encoded into federal regulation. Pavement performance rules published to the federal register require the reporting of the International Roughness Index (IRI), percent cracking, rutting (for asphalt-surfaced pavements) and faulting (for jointed concrete pavements). Allowing that the measurement of the IRI on pavements with a speed limit below 40 mph is not expected to provide a reliable estimation of ride quality, the rules permit the reporting of the present serviceability rating (PSR) on these routes. However, many agencies do not measure the PSR or collect the slope variance data required to estimate the PSR. In light of not having the data required to directly estimate the PSR, this paper presents a model to estimate the PSR using data collected during a Pavement Condition Index (PCI) survey. Furthermore, this paper explores the reasons why pavements can have a good PCI and poor PSR and vice versa. The model presented in this paper provides a reasonable estimate of the PSR, though it is noted that agencies who wish to report PSR should conduct an updated assessment of rider satisfaction to develop a stronger correlation of PSR and PCI.

Regional Institutions for Transportation Sustainability and Economic Development

The lessons described in this chapter outline the mechanisms for cooperation through building new institutional designs for governance to build transportation construction projects. The scale of these projects included billions of federal, state, and local dollars invested in the 1970 through current day. Funding of transportation projects in Southern California during the period 1975 through 2010 addressed a range of challenges to economic growth. The chapter proceeds in four parts: one, a discussion of the environmental context; two, description of the institutional design for governance that developed; three, an overview of the projects developed and economic impact; four, applying the lessons learned to the emerging challenges of fiscal constraints, demographic change, and institutional re-design for transportation funding.

Using Congestion-Priced Road User Charges to Restore Metropolitan Mobility and Fund Highways

The purpose of this paper is to introduce and evaluate a congestion-pricing strategy that could be used in metropolitan areas to supplement revenue generation mechanisms such as mileage-based user fees and fuel taxes. Congestion charges would be applied with transponder-based technology only on limited access metropolitan highway facilities to pay for the costs of their reconstruction and maintenance. Since most of the worst congestion in metropolitan and state roadways occurs on limited access facilities, this strategy would address the goal of restoring mobility without raising the kinds of privacy concerns that appear with regard to other types of more comprehensive road user charging systems that use location-based technology, such as mileage-based user fees. Proceeds from congestion charges could be used to pay for new low-cost, part-time (dynamic) shoulder travel lane capacity and transit and carpooling enhancements. This approach can increase public acceptability by providing multimodal travel alternatives. The paper discusses the strategy in the context of the reconstruction of the freeway system in a hypothetical metropolitan area, with an availability payment public–private partnership project delivery model to design, finance, build, operate, and maintain the improved freeway network. The analysis presented in the paper suggests that the approach could be financially viable and more economically efficient than conventional transportation funding approaches.