Lermontov’s ‘The Dream’, Chekhov’s ‘Dreams’: at the Brink of Life and Death

This text offers a comparative analysis of a lyric poem, The Dream (1841) by Mikhail Yurievich Lermontov and a short story, Dreams (1886) by Anton Pavlovich Chekhov, two major Russian authors embedded in the rigid Russian imperial structures. I examine their dream concepts and figurations, and their representations of various structures that permeate the human existence and human experience of the empire, as well as their poetic irony that comes as their brink. Further, I elucidate the meaning and function of the poetics and aesthetics of the written dream in the societal and political reality of life. The texts is outlined with the paradigmatic Shakespeare’s words from “The Tempest:” “We are such stuff as dreams are made on, and our little life is rounded with a sleep”.

Figura učitelja u novelama „Zaprega”, „Profesor književnosti”, „Čovek u futroli” i „Učitelj” Antona Pavloviča Čehova

This paper deals with the interpretive potential of the character of the teacher in selected stories by Anton Pavlovich Chekhov. The stories thematize school life, with special attention to the character of the teacher, who is not perceived as a source of knowledge, but as a discontent, unfulfilled individual whose attitudes and ideas belong to ideological and cultural framework of the epoch. The introductory part of the paper gives an overview of the topic of school in Russian literature, as well as Chekhov’s views about the importance of education. The central part of the paper deals with interpretation of Chekhov’s stories “In the Cart”, “The Teacher of Literature”, “The Man in a Case” and “The Schoolmaster”. The analysis of the traits of the main characters also reveals the spir- ritual climate, misunderstanding and negative attitude of the community toward education and teachers, which significantly affect the characters’ formation. In the final part of the paper, the character of the teacher is analysed from the point of view of the chronotope of the school. The school is not represented as a temple of knowledge, but rather as an envi- ronment full of anxiety, superficiality, lacking in freedom, enthusiasm and driving ideas.

ON THE QUESTION OF THE LIFE AND WORK OF A.P. CHEKHOV

Постановка задачи. Статья посвящена описанию биографии и обзору творческого пути классика русской литературы - выдающегося русского писателя XIX-начала XX веков Антона Павловича Чехова. Актуальность данной статьи не вызывает сомнения, поскольку ознакомление с творчеством, биографией и личностью писателя А.П. Чехова является неотъемлемой составной частью учебного процесса при изучении русской литературы. Результаты. Автором проведена серьезная работа по систематизации биографических данных, свидетельствующих о различных аспектах жизни А.П. Чехова: его семье, учебе, работе, общественной деятельности, состоянии здоровья, путешествиях, знакомствах, дружбе, любви, творчестве. Все биографические события жизни писателя приведены в строгом хронологическом порядке, последовательно освещаются этапы жизни и творчества А.П. Чехова. Выводы. В статье дана краткая обобщённая характеристика произведений А.П. Чехова на разных этапах его творчества. Произведён лингвистический анализ творчества писателя с целью выявления особенностей его стиля повествования. В статье кратко представлена вся биография писателя, а также прослежено, как с течением времени менялось его творчество. Statement of the problem. The article is devoted to the description of the biography and an overview of the creative path of the classic of Russian literature - the outstanding Russian writer of the XIX - early XX centuries Anton Pavlovich Chekhov. The relevance of this article is beyond doubt, since acquaintance with the work, biography and personality of the writer A.P. Chekhov is an integral part of the educational process in the study of Russian literature. Results. The author carried out a serious work on the systematization of biographical data indicating various aspects of A.P. Chekhov's life: his family, studies, work, social activities, health status, travel, acquaintances, friendship, love, creativity. All biographical events of the writer's life are given in strict chronological order, consistently covering the stages of the life and work of A.P. Chekhov. Conclusion. The article gives a brief generalized description of the art works of A.P. Chekhov at different stages of his work. A linguistic analysis of the writer's work is made in order to identify the features of his narrative style. The article briefly presents the entire biography of the writer, as well as traces how his work had changed over time.

IRONIJSKI MODUS HEROJA U DRAMAMA A. P. ČEHOVA / THE IRONIC MODE OF HEROES IN PLAYS BY A. P. CHEKHOV

The aim of this paper is to investigate the model of the figure of the hero in the plays of Anton Pavlovich Chekhov. In analyzing the model of the figure of the hero, four of the most significant plays by A. P. Chekhov were analyzed in consultation with the literature on the poetics of 20th century drama in order to gain a clearer understanding of how the dramatic world of characters was constructed. Specifically, the focus is on four dramas in four acts: "Three Sisters", "Ivanov", "Seagull" and "Uncle Vanya". For the sake of placing love in the key context of this work, the subject of research is not the drama "Cherry." The paper is entitled thesis on the functioning and construction of characters in dramas based on the principle of irony, and thus sets the goal of examining and proving the title thesis. In doing so, it is very interesting to deal with such a model of hero placed in dramatic situations from the perspective of A. P. Chekhov, a writer who writes his characters as a writer-analyst.

The summer visit to Bogimovo

The article discusses the details of A. Chekhov’s visit to the Kaluga governorate, which influenced some of his later short stories. There is a wooden house in Kaluga. Built on a stone basement, it overlooked the boulevard and once belonged to the parents of Mikhail Mikhaylovich Chekhov (who resided in Moscow at the time), a cousin of Anton Pavlovich Chekhov and his active correspondent. The latter even had plans to visit his Kaluga relatives. Sadly, this never happened. But the writer’s brother, Mikhail Pavlovich Chekhov, worked as a tax inspector in the town on Aleksin, an administrative hub in the Tula governorate, resulting in Chekhov’s family visiting the town’s environs in 1891 and staying on the state Bogimovo in the Tarusa district of the Kaluga governorate, which belonged to a landowner E. Bylim-Kolosovsky. It was there that Chekhov was working on his novella The Duel [Duеl] and the book Sakhalin Island [Ostrov Sakhalin]. A spectacular view of the nearby Dankovo, whose purchase Chekhov contemplated for a while, was recreated in his short story The House with the Mezzanine [Dom s mezoninom].

On the anniversary of Anton Pavlovich Chekhov (polemic notes)

A polemic performance related to the anniversary of the great classic of Russian literature, a reformer of traditional drama. Particular attention is paid to the citizenship of the reader.

Chekhov in the mirror of everyday life of Anton Pavlovich Chekhov

The paper discusses the problem that has arisen in recent decades in connection with discussions on the Internet, the publication of memoirs, as well as studies of the lives of famous writers and poets. On the example of the interpretation of the life and work of Marina Tsvetaeva and Anton Pavlovich Chekhov, two hypotheses of the relationship between the work of the author and his ordinary life are examined. The author tries to show that if a special reconstruction of both is carried out, then one can understand the essential features of the author’s work.

The reflection of spiritual crisis of the late XIX century among creative intelligentsia (on the example of relationship between the monks of male Orthodox monastery “Voznesenskaya Davidova Pustyn” and Chekhov family in 1892-1899)

The subject of this research is the character of relationship between Chekhov family and the Orthodox male monastery “Voznesenskaya Davidova Pustyn”. The object of this research is the religious life of Chekhov family. The goal consists in analysis of the religious and secular contacts between the Chekhov family and the abode, clarification of the question of religiosity of the prominent Russian writer Anton Pavlovich Chekhov, as well as answering the question regarding the impact of spiritual crisis of the late XIX upon him. The article explores the life of Chekhov family in their estate in Melikhovo from 1892 to 1899. Chekhov’s parents, especially his father, was a deeply religious person. The article also discusses the relationship between the writer and monks of the monastery, his visits of worship services in the abode. Russian Chekhoviana is quite extensive; the period from 1990 to 2010’s marks the emergence of works dedicated to religious views of the writer. The article is prepared on the basis of archival and unpublished materials (particularly Chekhov’s correspondence and the diary of his father Pavel Egorovich). The modern publications usually underline the presence of staunch atheistic creeds. Sometimes his life in Melikhovo is described without mentioning contacts with the monastery. This article is first to determine the problem of relationship of Chekhov family and one of the male monasteries of Moscow Region.

Konsep Kebutuhan Bertingkat "Tamu" dalam Naskah Drama Beruang Menagih Hutang (The Bear/The Boor) Karya Anton Pavlovich Chekhov: Kajian Teori Psikologi Humanistik Abraham Maslow

Penelitian ini mendeskripsikan tentang konsep kebutuhan tokoh Tamu dalam naskah drama Beruang Menagih Hutang (The Bear/The Boor) karya Anton Pavlovich Chekhov. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode dokumentatif sedangkan teknik yang digunakan dalam pengumpulan data adalah teknik baca catat, menggarisbawahi serta pengelompokan data ke dalam tabel data. Data-data tersebut selanjutnya dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode dan pendekatan yang telah ditetapkan sebelumnya. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, diperoleh data yang menunjukan bahwa tokoh Tamu memenuhi kebutuhannya dipengaruhi ketidakstabilan emosi. Konsep kebutuhan tokoh Tamu berupa usahanya untuk memenuhi empat tingkat kebutuhan, yaitu, kebutuhan fisiologis, kebutuhan rasa aman, kebutuhan rasa cinta dan memiliki, dan kebutuhan harga diri. Selanjutnya, data tersebut dianalisis dengan merujuk pada teori kebutuhan bertingkat Maslow. Sedangkan kebutuhan aktualisasi diri tidak muncul di dalam data.