KOMUNIKASI PERSUASIF DALAM DAKWAH BIL HIKMAH: UPAYA PEMBENTUKAN KARAKTER ANAK TUNA LARAS DI MADRASAH INKLUSI

Abstrak Anak tuna laras identik dengan perilaku yang buruk. Stigma anak tuna laras sebagi anak nakal telah melekat. Anak tuna laras memiliki masalah yang serius dengan karakter. Permasalahan semacam ini juga terjadi di salah satu madrasah inklusi di Lombok Barat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh metode pembentukan karakter terhadap anak tuna laras di madrasah inklusi. Penelitian in ididesain dalam bentuk penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Subjek dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari lima anak tuna laras. Permasalahan utama dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana pengaruh penggunaan metode dakwah bil hikmah terhadap perubahan karakter anak tuna laras? Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpukan bahwa pembentukan karakter anak tuna laras di madrasah inklusi dengan menggunakan pendekatan komunikasi persuasif dari metode dakwah bil hikmah telah berhasil. Guru memperlakukan anak tuna laras dengan kasih sayang, mau mendengar keluh kesah dan melakukan komunikasi persuasif. Penggunaan pendekatan ini dapat merubah perilaku anak tuna laras, emosi menjadi lebih stabil, hubungan sosial membaik dan partisipasi belajar meningkat. Kata Kunci: komunikasi persuasif, dakwah bil hikmah, tuna laras, pembentukan karakter Abstract Children with emotionally handicapped identic with bad behavior. The stigma as a naughty children has lingered. Children with emotionally handicapped have serious character problems. This kind of problem also occurs in one of inclusion madrasas in West Lombok. This study aims to determine the effect of character building methods on children with emotionally handicapped in inclusion madrasah. This research was designed in qualitative research with a case study approach. The subjects in this study consist of five children with emotionally handicapped. The main problem in this research is how is the effect of using da'wah bil hikmah method on changes in children with emotionally handicapped character. Based on results of the study, it can be concluded that character building on children with emotionally handicapped in inclusion madrasah using persuasive communication approach da'wah bil hikmah method has been successful. The teachers treat the children with emotionally handicapped with love, willing to listen their complaints and makes persuasive communication. The use of this approach can change children with emotionally handicapped behaviour, their emotions become more stable, improve in social relations and increase in learning participation. Keywords: persuasive communication, da'wah bil hikmah, children with emotionally handicapped, character building

Republication of “Toward an Acceptable Definition of Emotional Disturbance”

Most definitions of emotionally disturbed youngsters suggest that disturbances in the child’s behavior patterns cause academic and social problems which affect the child and his peers. While the process of identification may be facilitated by operational criteria within a definition, these factors are noticeably absent from definitions of emotional disturbance. The State of Florida has adopted a definition for emotionally handicapped children which has potential for operationalization. That definition and its components as well as a discussion of implications relative to its use are presented here.

Claudius, the handicapped Caesar (41-54 A.D.)

Claudius, fourth Caesar of the Roman Empire, proved himself an able administrator, but physically and emotionally handicapped from birth. His parents, members of the imperial family, considered him mentally deficient and he was isolated from the general public and put in the care of an uneducated tutor who firmly disciplined the youngster. The historians report that he had a weak constitution caused by frequent illness, and when he appeared in public he was muffled in a protective cloak. To avoid possible embarrassment the ceremony of the toga virilis, at approximately 14 years of age, was a secretive affair held at midnight and devoid of the traditional procession. His grandfather, Augustus Caesar, had some sympathy for the young lad, but did not consider him capable of managing any position of public office appropriate for his age and position. This would also be the approach of the succeeding emperor, Tiberius. Claudius spent the fi rst four decades of his life in relative idleness, isolated from his family and upper class Romans, consorting with the lower classes, playing dice and revelling in excessive eating and drinking. He did, however, also involve himself seriously in a study of the sciences, literature, Greek and history – his role model in the latter being Livy. During his life time he published quite extensively, including dramas, an autobiography, a work in defence of Cicero, histories of Rome, Carthage and Etruria, and a book on dice. His first public office (besides an augurship under Augustus) was at the age of 47 years when the new emperor, Gaius (Caligula) made him a consul for two months. The Knights and a section of Senate now warmed towards Claudius, but Gaius and the majority of aristocratic Romans still despised him as dull-witted. After the assassination of Gaius, the Praetorian Guard in an extraordinary step, proclaimed a protesting Claudius (50 years old) as emperor, and convinced an astounded Senate to endorse this action. In spite of having had no significant preparation for the task, Claudius proved a most sensible and effective manager, improving the effectivity of Senate, putting the legal system on a sound footing, enlarging the borders of the Empire (including the conquest of England), extending citizenship to some of the provincials, foreigners and freedmen. Sensible building programs were initiated as well as the upgrading of roads and communication systems and the ensuring of an efficient food supply to Rome. Grand and regular gladiatorial games and other forms of public entertainment endeared him to the people. But he was also periodically responsible for mismanagement, corruption and brutality; much of this was subsequently blamed on the inordinate influence of people near him, and his trusted freedmen and wives in particular. The last two of his six wives (Messalina and Agrippina) were particularly guilty, and his death of poisoning at the age of 64 years (54 A.D.) was engineered by Agrippina. Through his life Claudius showed evidence of significant physical and psychological/emotional impediments. By many he was considered mentally deficient, but his impressive record as student of literature and history, and his administrative skill as emperor are ample evidence of his intellectual abilities. Physical abnormalities included an ungainly gait due to weakness of his right leg and probably arm. He had a tremor of the limbs and involuntary shaking of the head. He spoke indistinctly in a coarse, stuttering way, his mouth often drooled, his nose tended to run, and he had an uncouth laugh. He was emotionally labile, and when upset the above symptoms worsened and he became prone to irresponsible actions. We suggest that this symptom complex fits in with the diagnosis of cerebral palsy, and probably its extrapyramidal variant, although one-sided weakness suggests an additional component of hemiplegic paresis.

Semantic Mapping as a Communication Tool in Classrooms for the Seriously Emotionally Handicapped

Special education teachers working with seriously emotionally handicapped adolescents often are faced with the task of dealing with a student's thoughts and feelings in response to a crisis situation. This situation requires that positive teacher-student relationships have been established. The purpose of this article is to describe how the technique of semantic mapping can be used to (a) help seriously emotionally handicapped adolescents organize and disclose their thoughts and feelings in stress-engendering situations; (b) structure teacher-student interaction by providing a format; and (c) enable the teacher to collect specific notes for later consultation with staff. A case study is presented illustrating this procedure and implications for further use of this technique to facilitate teacher-student communication are discussed.