Analyzing Big Tobacco’s global youth marketing strategies in Nigeria using the theory of triadic influence

Background Major transnational tobacco companies (TTCs) have identified Nigeria, the seventh most populous country in the world, as a market with a major revenue potential given its high youth population and growing gross domestic product (GDP). This research analyses tobacco industry-related strategies and activities targeting youth (aged 15 to 24 years) in Nigeria as existing, but most importantly, future tobacco users. Nigeria is the focus of this study because the tobacco industry has viewed it as a major emerging market since the 1990s. Successful marketing in Nigeria could provide the industry with a template for similar initiatives in other emerging markets in low- and middle-income countries. Methods The research began with a systematic review of secondary literature to determine how the tobacco industry has targeted youth globally. It then used the theory of triadic influence as a heuristic framework to categorize the various industry strategies. Quotations from internal tobacco industry documents were organized into the three streams of the theory of triadic influence: biology/personality, social and cultural/environmental streams. A total of 12 interviews were conducted with 6 policymakers and governmental officials, 2 civil society organization representatives, a high school principal, a journalist and 2 researchers to investigate how the tobacco industry had targeted youth in Nigeria. Results The findings indicate that TTCs have actively targeted youth in Nigeria since the 1990s, focusing on changing behaviour through the biology/personality, social and environmental/ cultural streams. Conclusion The study recommends that Nigeria implement and vigorously enforce its 2015 National Tobacco Control Bill.

Transformational Leadership Initiatives Driving P-12 School Change

In this chapter, educational leaders who are driving school change through transformational leadership initiatives share their stories. The authors range in their respective roles with an elementary school classroom teacher, a math-science departmental supervisor, a high school principal and a district superintendent. Each case study describes the implementation of a transformative leadership project from the main idea and impetus driving each project to the implementation methods and outcomes of each respective endeavor. The first project describes a teacher's addition of cultural-driven morning meetings to an elementary school classroom. The teacher discusses the necessity and how-to of implementing culture-driven morning meetings in the classroom and reflects on the overall impact on her students. A school superintendent leads the reader through his process of increasing rigor at the start of high school through the implementation of Advanced Placement (AP) courses for ninth-grade students. Next, a high school principal discusses an innovative blended learning program in a low socioeconomic district including the special challenges experienced. Finally, a high school math supervisor describes the school-wide implementation of Khan Academy for SAT preparation.

Analyzing Big Tobacco’s global youth marketing strategies in Nigeria using the theory of triadic influence

Background Major transnational tobacco companies (TTCs) have identified Nigeria, the seventh most populous country in the world, as a market with a major revenue potential given its high youth population and growing gross domestic product (GDP). This research analyses tobacco industry-related strategies and activities targeting youth (aged 15 to 24 years) in Nigeria as existing, but most importantly, future tobacco users. Nigeria is the focus of this study because the tobacco industry has viewed it as a major emerging market since the 1990s. Successful marketing in Nigeria could provide the industry with a template for similar initiatives in other emerging markets in low- and middle-income countries.Methods The research began with a systematic review of secondary literature to determine how the tobacco industry has targeted youth globally. It then used the theory of triadic influence as a heuristic framework to categorize the various industry strategies. Quotations from internal tobacco industry documents were organized into the three streams of the theory of triadic influence: biology/personality, social and cultural/environmental streams. A total of 12 interviews were conducted with 6 policymakers and governmental officials, 2 civil society organization representatives, a high school principal, a journalist and 2 researchers to investigate how the tobacco industry had targeted youth in Nigeria.Results The findings indicate that TTCs have actively targeted youth in Nigeria since the 1990s, focusing on changing behaviour through the biology/personality, social and environmental/ cultural streams.Conclusion The study recommends that Nigeria implement and vigorously enforce its 2015 National Tobacco Control Bill.

Ethical Leadership Assessment for The Islamic Secondary School Principals

This study aims to determine the assessment of ethical leadership in Islamic High School principal; determine the relationship among ethical leadership constructs; and investigates the influence of ethical leadership in terms of value, serve, act justly, and do right to build the community for a common goal. Eight Islamic secondary schools and 80 teachers were selected as respondents for the study. Quantitative data obtained through a questionnaire which is modified from ethical leadership Perceived Leader Instrument Integrity Scale (LIS). The questionnaire was analyzed using mean and standard deviation, Pearson correlation, and path analysis with multiple regressions. The findings show that the assessment of ethical leadership matched with empirical data. It also found that leadership principals in the service of others was developed at the level of an ethical community, and in terms of respect for others is at unethical level. Then, the finding showed that each construct correlated at a moderate level. It also found that the constructs of ethical leadership (serve and act) provided direct influence on the establishment of a community development effort. The study recommended the elements of ethical leadership of respect for others.

Komitmen Pimpinan Pondok Pesantren Sa’adatuddaren Jambi dalam Pengelolaan Program Pendidikan Kesetaraan Paket B

The commitment of a high school principal can lead to the success of the work of educational organizations by improving the quality of education. The leadership commitment of the Sa’adatuddaren Islamic Boarding School in the management of the Package B or Equality Education Program in Pelayangan District, Jambi City was examined using qualitative methods. The purpose of this study was to review the commitment of the leaders of the Sa’adatuddaren Islamic Boarding School in the management of the Package B Equality Education Program. Data collected through observation, interview and documentation techniques. Determination of research subjects using purposive sampling technique. Data analysis techniques were carried out by reducing data, presenting data and drawing conclusions as well as verifying the reliability of the results obtained by the technique of extension of participation, accuracy of observations, data triangulation and advisory consultation. Based on the data obtained, the commitment of the Sa’adatuddaren leadership in the management of the Package B Equality Education Program at the Islamic Boarding School still low action. There is no priority scale for the improvement of the Package B Equality Education Program annually

Gay, Rural, and Coming Out

This case study details the events surrounding a gay student’s “coming out” in a small, rural high school. Through the eyes and experiences of the student, his teachers, classmates, and community, we hear the story of how the school and community dealt with an issue they had never before actively considered. Through qualitative interviews, the former high school principal describes reactions and lessons learned as the student made his sexual orientation known, attended prom, and was awarded one of three Matthew Shepard Scholarships given in the state. The unexpected way in which events unfolded in the school and community were nearly as surprising as the revelation of the student’s sexual orientation. The experiences reinforce the importance of school climate, meaningful relationships between students and staff, the sometimes hidden challenges of high school, and provide valuable considerations for all educators.

MENINGKATKAN PROFESIONALISME GURU MENGAJAR MELALUI PENERAPAN PENILAIAN KINERJA GURU DI SMP NEGERI 5 SINGINGI KABUPATEN KUANTAN SINGINGI

The teacher is a professional educator so that has the task, function, and important role in educating the life of anation. The requirements to be referred to as professional educators, among others, have skills based onconcepts and theories of science, based on philosophical, psychological, and sociological. A teacher must alsohave adequate competence, while the competence includes professional, pedagogical, social, and personalcompetence. In this School Action Research, attempts were made in an effort to Improve Professionalism TeachTeachers were Raised Through Application of Teacher Performance Appraisal at State Junior High School 5Singingi Kuantan Singingi Regency. This research understands qualitative approach because it is moreappropriate to identify teacher performance appraisal in improving teacher teaching professionalism. Theresults of this research The Efforts of the First High School Principal of the 5 Singingi Affirm the improvementof professionalism of teachers that have been done through: 1) Guidance to teachers in preparing lessonplans.2) Monitoring teachers in implementing learning.3) Monitoring the course of educational activities .d.Checking the state and integrity of State Junior High School facilities as a supporter of student achievement .. 4)Evaluating through briefings and meetings of educational programs in an effort to improve the professionalismof teaching teachers in class.

Professional development of newly appointed principals at public High Schools in Gauteng. Is social justice served?

Gauteng, the smallest province with the highest per capita income in South Africa, should not have any dysfunctional schools. As a province, Gauteng spends a large portion of their annual budget on education, thus the professional development of principals should be the centralfocus point of their education system. Principals should be equipped or have the necessary knowledge, skills and values with which to manage and lead an effective and efficient school. The aim of this paper is to determine what knowledge and skills newly-appointed high principals need to fulfil this function and if they have been a part of any induction programme designed to guide and equip successfully principals to manage their schools. The success of a high school principal is measured against a schools final Grade 12 results. Keywords: newly-appointed principals, professional development, skills, induction programme. Abstrak Gauteng, die kleinste provinsie met die hoogste per capita inkomste in Suid Afrika, behoort geen disfunksionele skole te hê nie. As ‘n provinsie spandeer Gauteng ‘n groot deel van hul jaarlikse begroting op opvoeding, daarom moet die professionele ontwikkeling van hoofde die sentrale fokuspunt van die onderwysstelsel wees. Skoolhoofde behoort toegerus te word met kennis, vaardighede en waardes, om ‘n effektiewe en doeltreffende instelling te kan bestuur en te lei. Die doel van die navorsing is om vas te stel wat die behoeftes van nuutaangestelde skoolhoofde is, hetsy kennis en/of vaardighede. Het die nuutaangestelde hoofde aan enige intreeprogram deelgeneem om hulle toe te rus om ‘n skool suksesvol te bestuur? Die sukses van hoërskoolhoof word gemeet aan die skool se finale Gr 12 resultate. Sleutelwoorde: nuutaangestelde hoofde, professionele ontwikkeling, vaardighede, intreeprogram.