Recommended Approaches

This chapter looks at several approaches to improving teleworking through increased trustworthiness and performance. Any combination of these methods should be beneficial. Some of the methods deal with analyzing LMX and improving its use. One of the ways to do that is to mitigate “distance” in LMX. “Distance” is a disconnect in the work relationship at times that are important. It concerns accomplishments that are crucial to recognition and promotion. Organizations need collective agreements that guide teams and foster shared understanding, collaboration, and innovation. Another valuable approach is an asynchronous one with work characterized by flexibility. Asynchronized working creates a situation where employees work a schedule without fixed hours. This is said to promote constant feedback and deep-thinking by freeing employees to manage necessary contacts with managers and other employees while self-managing their work-life balance in the process. The need for meetings is minimized and, when meetings are necessary, they may be more effective if they allow participant flexibility.

Teleworking Research

A March 2021 survey is used to consider three hypotheses relating to working adults. Hypothesis 1 is that teleworking perceptions of leaders and employees are related in terms of promoting increased trust and improved performance. Hypothesis 2 is that a structured plan with associated resources to sustain long-term telework situations will be positively associated with program effectiveness. Hypothesis 3 is that a structured plan with associated resources to sustain long-term telework situations will be positively associated with improved performance. Presidents/CEOs (67%), upper managers (80%), and mid-level managers (75%) believe there is daily telework accountability, but the level of belief is different for those who are subordinate to them. Just 55% and 29% of supervisors and employees, respectively, share that belief. These differing viewpoints can make it difficult to manage the kind of work environment and work relationship issues that are crucial in addressing a pandemic or other crisis. In the search for shared understanding, one path to success is rules-based trust.

A Scale to Measure the Joy in Work of Doctors: Development, Validity, and Reliability

Background: The aim of this study is to develop a scale and evaluate its' validity and reliability to measure the joy in work of doctors.Methods: Based on literature review and panel discussion, the scale framework and item pool were determined. Next, the items were modified by two rounds of expert consultation. Then the pre-investigation was applied and the formal version of scale was formed. Last, the reliability and validity of the scale were tested with 426 physicians.Results: The scale was composed of four dimensions: work autonomy needs, competency identification needs, competency perception needs and work relationship needs. Each dimension had 7 items, and both reliability and validity were acceptable. The Cronbach α coefficient and half-reliability coefficient of the whole scale were 0.954 (>0.9) and 0.974 (>0.9). The Spearman correlations of item-total score ranged from 0.556 to 0.749, indicating a good-item total score correlation. The χ 2/ df, RMSEA, RMR, GFI, CFI, and TLI, CFA of the maximum likelihood method supported a good fit with the model.Conclusions: Based on the self-determination theory, this study develops a scale to measure the joy in work of doctors. It has good validation and reliability, which is useful for doctors and medical institutions to take steps to improve happiness.

Particularities of Temporary Work. Advantages and Vulnerabilities

Temporary work is an alternative to providing the activity and procuring external, current labor force, more and more common in the countries of the European Union, including Romania. The alternative of such work is beneficial to all parties involved in the triangular employment relationship: the temporary work agent, the temporary employee and the user of the temporary workforce. This article proposes a brief presentation of some theoretical aspects related to temporary work (the importance of temporary work in today's society, the Community and national legislative framework, the actors of the temporary work relationship and the relationship between them, such as listing the conditions and authorization of the employee temporary in Romania) followed by an analysis on the evolution of employment agents registered in Romania in the period 2007-2021.

An Experimental Study of the Wear Characteristics of Tubulars Made from Corrosion-Resistant Alloys

Summary Casing wear is the process of progressive loss of wall thickness owing to relative motion between the drillstring and casing. The amount of casing wear depends on conditions, such as the downhole forces, the accumulated time of contact between drillstring and casing, and the materials used. This process is complex and involves abrasive, adhesive, and corrosive wear mechanisms that are difficult to predict. To deal with the complexity of the conditions, a simple but effective wear model is used in the industry to estimate tubular wear in drilling and intervention operations. The model is based on abrasive and adhesive wear, and the effects of corrosion are not considered. In addition, an empirical part of the model known as the correction factor is based exclusively on experimental carbon-steel test data. Tubulars made of corrosion-resistant alloys (CRAs) are known to exhibit abnormal wear characteristics. A series of experiments has been designed and performed to investigate the wear characteristics of CRAs. These experiments resulted in excessive wear factors for the CRA casing samples, demonstrating their susceptibility to wear. This study finds that omitting the correction factor from the calculation procedure can greatly improve wear estimates for some CRAs. Removing the correction factor results in a linear wear-work relationship that reflects the actual wear trends from test results. However, further studies are needed to confirm correction factors and more accurate wear calculation procedures for CRA tubulars in general.

Keabsahan Hubungan Kerja Antara Perusahaan E-Sports Dengan Atlet E-Sports Dibawah Umur

Abstracte-Sports is a new profitable industry at this time. Activists in this field consist of various groups, both adults and children. Underage e-sports athletes are the main target of e-sports companies to use their services in competing. Children who become e-Sports athletes are later called child labor. Author uses a type of juridical normative legal research with a statute approach, conceptual approach, and case studies. The validity of employment agreements and work relationships between child as e-Sports athletes and e-Sports companies must also include the role of the parent or guardian who has authority over the child. A legal work relationship is a work relationship that fulfills the elements of a work relationship, namely orders, jobs and wages. If a work relationship does not fulfill only one element, it cannot be called an work relationship. The work relationship that exists between underage e-sports athletes and e-sports companies is legal.Keywords: E-Sports; Child Labor; Employment Agreement; Work Relationship; Legality.Abstrake-Sports merupakan industri baru yang cukup menjanjikan pada saat ini. Penggiat bidang ini terdiri dari berbagai kalangan, baik orang dewasa hingga anak-anak. Atlet e-Sports dibawah umur menjadi sasaran utama dari perusahaan e-Sports untuk menggunakan jasanya dalam berkompetisi. Anak yang menjadi atlet e-Sports ini lah yang kemudian disebut pekerja anak. Penulis menggunakan tipe penelitian hukum normatif yuridis dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, pendekatan konseptual, dan studi kasus. Keabsahan perjanjian kerja dan hubungan kerja antara anak dibawah umur sebagai atlet e-Sports dengan perusahaan e-Sports harus turut menyertakan peran orang tua atau wali yang memiliki kuasa atas anak tersebut. Hubungan kerja yang sah adalah hubungan kerja yang memenuhi unsur hubungan kerja yakni perintah, pekerjaan, dan upah. Jika suatu hubungan kerja tidak memenuhi salah satu unsur saja, maka tidak dapat disebut dengan hubungan kerja. Hubungan kerja yang terjalin antara atlet e-Sports dibawah umur dengan perusahaan e-Sports adalah sah.Kata Kunci: E-Sports; Pekerja Anak; Perjanjian Kerja; Hubungan Kerja; Keabsahan.

Work and purpose: A return to Sisyphus and Bartleby

Work is a semiotically oriented activity, that is, when working, individuals anticipate aspects of their activity using a network of signs and meanings and project themselves in time with the aim to achieve certain goals. This study proposes a discussion on the relationship between purpose and work and distinguishes purpose as objective, related to actions aimed at goals, and purpose as a glimpse or a hyper-generalized sign. Both of these purposes are related to other dimensions of an individual’s relationship, with their work that are not contained in their actions aimed at situated ends. From a methodological viewpoint, the arguments are developed based on the analysis of two fictional characters, inspired by the cultural psychology of semiotic orientation: Sisyphus, extracted from classical literature, and Bartleby, the scrivener of the novel of the same name written by Herman Melville. Based on this analysis, we propose considering the purpose–work relationship on two axes: (1) what articulates sense-meaning in the process of meaning-making, and (2) the axis of action potency and its relationship with the concepts of emptiness and contingency based on a human agent’s experiences in culture. The paper aims to contribute both to the cultural psychology of semiotic orientation and to the literature on the meaning of work.

Taking care of the caregiver: the meanings unveiled to the caregiver of people with disabilities

In the act of caring, it was widely disseminated as important lookingat the person being cared for and the needs that could be revealedin the construction of the relationship throughout the care process with the caregiver. In this research, our gaze is directed to the caregiver, making it possible to enablewhich meanings, values and beliefs are presentedin the conduct of their lives and how thedialogue with the current speechesin society try to capture them from modelsthat obscure the production of their subjectivity. In this regard, human relationships can be created and always recreated,and any dogmatic forms of relationship can produce limitations of meaning and existential suffering. As a general objective, we sought to understand the production of subjectivity of the caregiver of people with disabilities in the encounter with the disabled subject to be cared for. As specific objectives, to analyze the meanings that permeate the relationship between the caregiver and the person with a disability, in addition to investigatethe meanings unveiled in work relationships and in the affectiverelationships between the caregiver and the person with a disability. The specific objectives analyze the meanings related to the work relationship and affection that goesthrough the crossingswith a care character. In this way, families received specialattention, as many caregivers are family members, withoutdisregardingthe importance of professionals hired to exercise the role of caregiver. With regard to methodology, the guiding methods of the research were Cartography and Phenomenology, using semi-open interviews, as well as a systematic literature review. Ten interviews were produced frompeople of the professional field tocaregivers whose familymembers demanded care due to being disabled. It was possible to noticeresults about the phenomenonand singularities of the established relationshipsthat care implied in a deep existential investment by all respondents, both those who proposed to be involved by job function and those which life directed them in favor of a family member or close person. The speeches that initially seemed well structured, gradually unveiled meanings that indicated a deep regret for the suffering and the severe condition of limitation of the person to be cared for. The searchingfor meaning went beyond mere rationality, and spirituality became a key element in the attempt to nurture existential anxieties. Several participants emphasized that despite the constant physical fatigue and emotional exhaustion, consideringthe complexity of each case in particular, the satisfaction of being able to help, reciprocate or even be useful by applying care made this relationship lighter and more meaningful. Contradictory feelings such as love and a feeling that the caregiver's life is paralyzed, due to the dedication to the person to becared for, clearly emerged

Teleworking: the challenge of work in the post-pandemic world

Since 2019, humanity has been affected by one of the most serious pandemics in recent history, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The number of cases and deaths scalation in Brazil and the significant socioeconomic challenges have led organizations around the globe to recommend isolation and social distance, to mitigate the pandemic impacts. In this context, organizations are looking for alternatives to the temporary interruption of business activities through teleworking. As it proves to be temporary, it begins to take on perpetuity contours, with companies announcing the sale of buildings and the extinction of their offices. The study identified whether initiatives presented elements of precariousness in the work relationship. To this end, the theoretical framework addressed the situation of work relations with the pandemic from the home office. The research method was based on a descriptive study with a qualitative approach and bibliographic design. The discussion showed that, after twelve months since the first confirmed case of Covid-19 in Brazil, it is necessary to regulate teleworking activities, with formalization by means of a contractual amendment, as well as checking if there is any expenditure of extraordinary resources by employees due to the new type of work. It was concluded that all world leaders should be engaged in combating precarious work and this extends to the context of the pandemic, to prevent the atypical modality from facilitating the loosening of labor relations