Spray Coverage and Biological Efficacy of Single, Twin Symmetrical, and Twin Asymmetrical Flat Fan Nozzles

Proper selection of nozzle type and spray volume is essential to optimize herbicide dose, reducing its adverse environmental effects. It has not been sufficiently evaluated which nozzle type (twin symmetrical flat fan nozzle or the twin asymmetrical one) is more efficient and whether pinoxaden application is more efficient at a low or high spray volume. The spray coverage of a single, twin symmetrical, and twin asymmetrical flat fan nozzles, each in the sizes of 110015, 11002, 110025, 11003, 11004, and 11005 on the moisture-sensitive papers (MSPs) was investigated. The biological efficacy of treatments using pinoxaden against wild oat was investigated. Unlike other nozzle types, the single flat fan nozzle could not cover MSP placed vertically behind the nozzle trajectory. Except for the latter, each nozzle type could cover the MSPs more efficiently with increase in nozzle size. Generally, the nozzles’ performance was twin symmetrical > single = twin asymmetrical flat fan nozzles. A larger nozzle size improved the coverage of MSPs but increased the effective dose (ED50; dose that gives a 50% reduction in dry weight), indicating a decrease in the efficacy of pinoxaden. Among all treatments, the lowest ED50 value was obtained by the twin symmetrical flat fan nozzle 110015 (5.2 g a.i. ha−1). The smaller, more concentrated droplets are required to achieve optimal pinoxaden efficacy against wild oat, which can be provided by a twin symmetrical flat fan nozzle with a smaller size.

Carrier Volume and Nozzle Effect on 2,4-D and Glufosinate Performances in Hazelnut Sucker Control

Hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) basal sprouts, or suckers, are removed to train trees as a single trunk, facilitating mechanization. Suckers are routinely controlled with herbicides, often by using nozzles that generate fine droplets and spray volumes as high as 934 L·ha−1, making spray drift a concern. Spray nozzle type and carrier volume can impact herbicide efficacy and drift. Field studies compared the efficacy of 2,4-D and glufosinate in controlling suckers when applied with a flat-fan nozzle, producing fine droplets, to a TeeJet air-induction nozzle, producing ultra-coarse droplets. These nozzles were evaluated at 187 and 374 L·ha−1. Nozzle and carrier volume did not affect the efficacy of 2,4-D based on control, sucker height, or dry weight. The efficacy of glufosinate was unaffected by nozzle type or spray volume in most evaluations. These results indicate that hazelnut suckers can be effectively controlled using drift-reduction nozzles with lower carrier volumes (187 L·ha−1). Drift-reduction nozzles, coupled with lower spray volume, can maintain herbicide efficacy, minimize drift risk, and reduce cost.

The effect of the type of preparation on the deposit of copper while spraying the winter oilseed rape

The aim of the research was to determine the copper deposit volume on winter oilseed rape in three development phase (according to the BBCH scale: 12, 14 and 16). The experiment was performed in triplicate at the spraying speed of 0.86 m s-1. Two working fluids were used: foliar fertilizer Mikrovit Copper 80 and a nanocopper preparation, at the dose of 160 g Cu ha-1. The deposition treatment of the plants was conducted in the spraying chamber ‘Aporo1’ at two pressures (0.20 and 0.28 MPa), using two different types of flat fan nozzles. The dried rape plants were mineralized, and then, in order to determine the deposit, the Cu element concentration was measured using the spectrometer. The largest deposit of copper was obtained using the foliar fertilizer Mikrovit Copper 80 and using a double flat fan nozzle DF 120-02. The statistical analysis of the results of the study showed a significant effect of the type of liquid used on the value of copper deposit on winter oilseed rape plants.

Assessment of pesticide application quality with a manual sprayer in spinach

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of three hollow cone nozzles (TeeJet® TX 800050 VK, TeeJet® TXA 8004 VK and TX-Royal Condor®) and one flat fan nozzle (TeeJet® XR 8004 VS) with two manual application techniques on a crop of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.). In order to assess the quality ofthe application of pesticides, WSP (water sensitive paper) collectors and fluorescent tracer Tinopal® CBS-X were used. In one ofthe trials, percentage of tracer retained by the leaf surfaces was also determined. In this study, and based on the methodology of collectors, it was observed that the technique of applying two passes with the TX-Royal Condor® nozzle could be recommended for the application of pesticides with a hand-operated sprayer in the spinach crop. However, this was not corroborated by the fluorescent tracer technique.

POPULATION AND SPECTRUM OF DROPLETS PRODUCED DURING ELECTROSTATIC SPRAYING AND HYDRAULIC SPRAYING USING AIR ASSISTANCE - DOI: 10.13083/1414-3984.v22n05a02

The droplet population produced during spraying influences the efficiency of pesticide application. It is possible to define a minimum number of droplets per unit area depending on the treatment and product to be applied. This study aimed to evaluate the characteristics of the populations and the spectra of droplets produced during electrostatic and air-assisted spraying. Factors including types of nozzles, spray volume, type of spray and its influence on the percentage coverage and density of droplet population. The experiment was arranged in a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial [two types of nozzles (Jacto JA-4, hollow cone and Jacto AXI-110-04, flat fan nozzle tip), two spray volumes (200 L ha-1 and 400 L ha-1) and two sprayer types (air-assistance in the spraying sleeve boom and electrostatic spraying)] in a randomized block design with four replications. The electrostatic sprayer increased droplet density per cm2 of leaf.

Effect of Nozzle Angleson Spray Losses Reduction

Spray losses are the most important problem that is faced in the spray application process as result of spray drift to non target areas by the action of air flow.This paper investigated the spray drift for banding applicationusing even flat-fan nozzle TPEunder wind tunnel conditions.In addition, this paper also examined the effect of different spray fan angles 65°, 80° and 95° on spray drift particularly where there is need to make the nozzle operate at the optimum heights above the ground or plant level.In addition, three cross wind speeds 1, 2 and 3m/swere produced to determine the effect of wind speed on total spray drift.According to the results from this study, the nozzle anglehas a significant effect on the total spray drift. The nozzle angle 65° gave the highest drift reduction compared to the other nozzle angles. The maximum driftfor all nozzles was found at nozzle height of 60 cm. The minimum mean value of the drift was found at wind speed of 1 m/s. This study supports the use of nozzle angles of less than 95° on heights more than 0.5m and on wind speeds more than 1m/s as a means for minimizing spray drift.

The possibilities of droplet spectrum regulation at application of plant protection products

Verification of the possibilities of a droplet spectrum regulation due to the change of working pressure, as well as the change of the size of the discharge orifice of a nozzle, was undertaken in laboratory conditions by measurement of the size of a droplet spectrum of the applied liquid. Selected types of low drift nozzles &ndash; Albuz AVI 025, Lechler ID 120, Lechler IDK 120-05, Lechler IDN 120-025, TurboDrop 03, Hardi INJET 02, Hardi B JET 02, Hardi LD 02<br />and a flat fan nozzle Hardi ISO F 02-110 &ndash; underwent the measurement. The measurement of droplet spectrum was carried out at the nozzle&rsquo;s working height of 500 mm, and at working pressures of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5 and 0.7 MPa. A laser measure equipment was used to measure the droplet spectrum of liquid.