Isolation and optimization of the fermentation condition of cellulolytic microbial isolates from cassava waste water

The study was conducted to isolate and identify cellulose producing microorganisms from cassava waste water. Cassava waste water sample was obtained from a cassava processing factory at Lokogoma town in Wushishi Local government area of Niger State. The microorganisms were isolated, identified and counted by standard microbiological methods. The mean bacteria count ranges from 6.8 x 103 cfu/mL-1 to 2.1 x 103 cfu/mL-1 while the fungi count ranges from 3.2 x 103 cfu/mL-1 to 1.2 x 103 cfu/mL-1. A total of eight (8) bacterial; Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus anthrax, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Klebsilla sp, Bacillus megaterus, Staph. Epidermidis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and six (6) fungi; Saccharomyce serivicea, Aspergillus niger, Penecillium sp., Muccor sp., Aspergilus flavus and Aspergilus fumigetus isolates were identified in the waste water. Among these organism, the best cellulase activity was recorded for Bacillus subtilis (10.39 x 10-4 mg/ml/sec) and Aspergillus niger (11.21 x 10-4 mg/ml/sec). However, maximum activity was obtained at pH ranges from 3 ~ 9, temperature ranges from 30 oC ~ 80oC and substrate concentrations ranges from 1.5% ~3.0%. In conclusion, cassava processing water regarded as waste water could be an alternative source of microorganisms capable of producing cellulase enzyme for industrial purposes.

Karakterisasi Karbon Baggase Teraktivasi dan Aplikasinya untuk Adsorpsi Logam Tembaga

Bagasse is waste produced from the process of milking or extracting sugarcane stems. Baggase can be optimized in terms of use value and its function as an alternative technology, namely as an active carbon manufacturing material that can be used as a copper (Cu) adsorbent. This study discusses the functional baggase activated carbon group of phosphoric acid and nitric acid using Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) and its application as a copper metal adsorbent in silver craft waste in Ungga Village, Praya, Central Lombok. The production of activated bagasse carbon consists of three stages, namely first dehydration by burning bagasse until it turns into carbon, the second carbonation is heating at 500ºC, carbon results are 100-200 mesh and third, activation by soaking 50 grams of carbon in 500 mL of 20% phosphoric acid and 20% nitric acid for 12 hours. After that the carbon is dried at 110ºC and finally heated at 500ºC for 1 hour. The bagasse carbon that has been made is put into 25 mL of waste water sample with a mass of 2 grams of adsorbent. Samples were then stirred at 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 minutes contact time variations at a speed of 180 rpm using a batch system. The optimum contact time that is used to calculate the efficiency of copper metal content reduction is by calculating the difference in the metal content of copper metal before it is adsorbed and after it is adsorbed using activated carbon baggase. Concentrations of all copper metals were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Identification using FTIR spectrophotometer shows that carbon baggase in this study contains functional groups C = O, C = C, C-C, N = O, C = N, C-OH, CH2 and C-H. From the research it was found that the copper metal content in the sample was 14.5710 ppm. The optimum contact time on copper metal adsorption is at 120 minutes contact time which results in optimum adsorption efficiency on copper metal that is 84.88%. Activated carbon baggase is an effective adsorbent to reduce levels of copper metal in silver craft waste.

ADSORPSI KARBON AKTIF DARI TONGKOL JAGUNG SEBAGAI ADSORBEN ION LOGAM Cu2+

Many reseerches about agricultural waste shows potency from this waste to be used as high quality of active carbon that can be used as (adsorbent) on gasoline and substances dissolved at solution. One of agricultural result in South Sumatera that is enough corn cob, where is solid waste that throun just. It is impossible since corncob contains about 40 % of cellulose. So, cellulose which can be used as an active carbon. There are two basic processes in the active carbon making, those are carbonization and activation. The aim of this study was to find out how the activated time gave influence to the adsorption capacity of active carbon as the metal ion Cu2+ adsorbent. The obtained data were analysed by using Atomic Adsorption Spectrophotometry (SNI 06-6989.6-2009). Moreover, the characteristic of the active carbon was ansalysed by Standart Nacional Indutrial (SNI 06-3730-1995). From the result of study, it was obtained that the activated time of 60 minutes with the activator H3PO4 0,5 M had the best adsorption capacity of 1.97 mg/g with the metal ion Cu2­+ concentration was 0,80 ppm. The characteristic of the missing part 9500C 20.54 %, water content of 11 %, ash content of 7 % and iodine number of 750.35 mg/g, pure active carbon 72.46 %, the density of bulk 0.31 g/ml, pass for the mesh size of 325 is 98 %. The adsorption capacity of active carbon from the corncob to the metal ion Cu2+ taken from the waste water sample at the shipyard painting work shop in Palembang was 0.1644 mg/g (97.60 %). Key words : Activated Carbon, Corn cob, Adsorption, AAS, Copper (II) Metal Ion.

Efektivitas pengolahan limbah cair hotel dan implementasi keputusan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup nomor 52/menlh/10/1995 tentang baku mutu limbah cair bagi kegiatan hotel di Kota Pekanbaru

This research aims to determine the effectiveness of the treatment of waste water hotel and see Implemantation Decree of the Minister of Environment No.52/MENLH/10/1995 concerning the Waste water Quality Hotel by five-star hotel in the city of Pekanbaru. The method used in this research is the survey and interview. Based on the analysis we found that the rate of decrease in the content of pollutants in the waste water hotel in reducing the content of pollutants in the waste water for parameters BOD, COD, TSS and pH respectively 72%, 75%, 25% and 16%. IPL Cability levels in the lower levels of waste water sample parameters for the parameters BOD, COD, TSS and pH respectively 60.0%, 30.0%, 50.0% and 87.5%. IPLC analysis results in Pekanbaru compared with the Waste water Quality Standard Hotel, pollutant levels are still above the environmental quality standards.

Diversity of 4-Chloro-2-nitrophenol-Degrading Bacteria in a Waste Water Sample

Eighteen bacterial strains, isolated from a waste water sample collected from a chemically contaminated site, Patancheru (17°32′N 78°16′E/17.53°N 78.27°E), India, were able to decolorize 4-chloro-2-nitrophenol (4C2NP) in the presence of an additional carbon source. These eighteen 4C2NP-decolorizing strains have been identified as members of four different genera, includingBacillus,Paenibacillus,Pseudomonas, andLeuconostocbased on the 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Most of the bacteria (10) belonged to the genusBacillusand contributed 56% of the total 4C2NP-degrading bacteria, whereas the members of generaPaenibacillusandPseudomonasrepresented 22% and 17%, respectively, of total 4C2NP-degrading isolates. There was only one species ofLeuconostoccapable of degrading 4C2NP. This is the first report of the diversity of 4C2NP-decolorizing bacteria in a waste water sample. Furthermore, one bacterium,Bacillus aryabhattaistrain PC-7, was able to decolorize 4C2NP up to a concentration of 2.0 mM. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis identified 5-chloro-2-methylbenzoxazole as the final product of 4C2NP decolorization in strain PC-7.

Treatment of Waste Seawater from Shrimp Farm Using a Photocatalytic Membrane Reactor

To treat the waste seawater from shrimp farms, TiO2 powder photocatalysis and ceramic membrane filtration technologies were integrated to form a photocatalytic membrane reactor (PMR). PMR performance was investigated and real waste water sample was treated under the optimum operation conditions. Results indicated that TiO2 powder with mean particle size of 0.27 μm could be separated successfully with α-Al2O3 membrane with pore size of 0.05 μm, the permeation flux was 432 Lhr-1m-2 under pressure of 0.05 MPa. Wastewater was treated with three different catalysts involving 2 g of TiO2 powder, 2 g of TiO2 powder combined with 5 ml of H2O2 (30%), and 2 g of TiO2 powder combined with 5 ml of Fenton agent for per liter of wastewater, the corresponding CODCr removal rates were 15.67 %, 25.19 % and 40.67 % separately.