A Review on Content Based Image Retrieval System Features derived by Deep Learning Models

In a Content Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) System, the task is to retrieve similar images from a large database given a query image. The usual procedure is to extract some useful features from the query image, and retrieve images which have similar set of features. For this purpose, a suitable similarity measure is chosen, and images with high similarity scores are retrieved. Naturally the choice of these features play a very important role in the success of this system, and high level features are required to reduce the “semantic gap”. In this paper, we propose to use features derived from pre-trained network models from a deep- learning convolution network trained for a large image classification problem. This approach appears to produce vastly superior results for a variety of databases, and it outperforms many contemporary CBIR systems. We analyse the retrieval time of the method, and also propose a pre-clustering of the database based on the above-mentioned features which yields comparable results in a much shorter time in most of the cases. Keywords Content Based Image Retrieval Feature Selection Deep Learning Pre-trained Network Models Pre-clustering

Laparoscopic Ventral Hernia Repair versus Open Hernioplasty

Background: Ventral hernia repair is the most common and usual procedure which applies various treatment approaches. Aim: To compare the laparoscopic ventral hernia repair surgery with open surgical procedure. Study design: Prospective comparative study Place and duration of study: Department of Surgery Unit-II, Fatima Memorial Hospital, Shadman Lahore from 1stJuly 2016 to 1st March 2021. Methodology: Ninety six patients who underwent either open or laparoscopic surgery. They were divided in two groups. Group A (n=40) was of open surgery and Group B (n=56) was laparoscopic. Patients’ demographic and clinical information was documented, postoperative pain, wound healing, duration of hospital stay, and recurrence rate was also recorded. Results: There were 43 males and 53 females. The mean age of patients was 52.2±14 years. The mean fascial defect size was 6.94±0.3 cm2. Majority of patients were obese. The postoperative study analysis revealed no wound infections and reduced hospital stay in laparoscopic operated patients than open surgery operated cases. Conclusion: Laparoscopic surgery is much safer and more efficient than open surgery protocol for ventral hernia repair in context to wound infection and postoperative complications. Keywords: Ventral hernia, Laparoscopic, Open surgery

CRIMINAL LIABILITY OF LEGAL ENTITIES IN UKRAINE

Статья посвящена вопросам введения уголовной ответственности юридических лиц на Украине. Рассматриваются попытки установления такой ответственности при подготовке нового Уголовного кодекса Украины и в дальнейшем путем принятия в 2009 г. специального уголовного закона об ответственности юридических лиц за совершение коррупционных преступлений. Украина стала первым из постсоветских государств, включившим такие нормы не в уголовный кодекс, а в специальный закон - комплексный нормативный правовой акт, содержащий нормы уголовного и уголовно-процессуального законодательства. Отмечается, что этот закон являлся действующим лишь 4 дня, и приводятся причины признания его утратившим силу. Повторно уголовная ответственность была установлена путем внесения в 2013 г. в Уголовный кодекс Украины изменений, согласно которым юридические лица признаются не субъектами уголовных правонарушений, а субъектами уголовной ответственности, заключающейся в применении судом в уголовно-процессуальном порядке мер уголовно-правового характера в отношении юридического лица. Применение таких мер возможно в случаях совершения уполномоченным физическим лицом уголовных правонарушений (преступлений и уголовных проступков), специально указанных в Общей части Уголовного кодекса Украины. Рассматриваются применяемые к юридическим лицам виды мер уголовно-правового характера: штраф, конфискация и ликвидация юридического лица. Приводятся правила применения к юридическим лицам мер уголовно-правового характера и основания для освобождения юридического лица от применения к нему таких мер. Отмечается, что уголовное судопроизводство по делам об уголовных правонарушениях, при совершении которых к юридическим лицам могут быть применены меры уголовно-правового характера, осуществляется в соответствии с обычной процедурой с учетом особенностей, предусмотренных Уголовно-процессуальным кодексом Украины. Дается краткая характеристика этих особенностей, в том числе указывается, что от имени юридического лица в уголовном процессе участвует его представитель. Рассматриваются его права и обязанности. The article is devoted to the issues of introducing criminal liability of legal entities in Ukraine. The article considers attempts to establish such liability in the preparation of the new Criminal Code of Ukraine and further by the adoption in 2009 of a special criminal law on liability of legal entities for committing corruption crimes. Ukraine became the first of the post-Soviet states to include such norms not in the criminal code, but in a special law - a comprehensive normative legal act containing the norms of criminal and criminal procedural legislation. It is noted that this law was in effect for only 4 days and the reasons for recognizing it as invalid are given. Criminal liability was re-established by introducing amendments to the Criminal Code of Ukraine in 2013, according to which legal entities are recognized not as subjects of criminal offenses, but as subjects of criminal liability, which consists in the application by the court in the criminal procedural procedure of measures of a criminal-legal nature in relation to a legal entity. The application of such measures is possible in cases of committing by an authorized individual of criminal offenses (crimes and criminal offenses), specially specified in the General Part of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. The types of measures of a criminal-legal nature applied to legal entities are considered: fines, confiscation and liquidation of a legal entity. The rules for the application of measures of a criminal-legal nature to legal entities and the grounds for exempting a legal entity from applying such measures to it are given. It is noted that criminal proceedings on cases of criminal offences in commission of which measures of criminal law nature can be applied to legal persons, is carried out in accordance with the usual procedure taking into account the peculiarities provided by the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine. A brief description of these peculiarities is given, including the fact that on behalf of a legal entity its representative participates in criminal proceedings. The rights and obligations of the representative are considered.

CBIR Using Features Derived by Deep Learning

In a Content-based Image Retrieval (CBIR) System, the task is to retrieve similar images from a large database given a query image. The usual procedure is to extract some useful features from the query image and retrieve images that have a similar set of features. For this purpose, a suitable similarity measure is chosen, and images with high similarity scores are retrieved. Naturally, the choice of these features play a very important role in the success of this system, and high-level features are required to reduce the “semantic gap.” In this article, we propose to use features derived from pre-trained network models from a deep-learning convolution network trained for a large image classification problem. This approach appears to produce vastly superior results for a variety of databases, and it outperforms many contemporary CBIR systems. We analyse the retrieval time of the method and also propose a pre-clustering of the database based on the above-mentioned features, which yields comparable results in a much shorter time in most of the cases.

Mini TightRope Suspension Allows for Accelerated Rehabilitation following Ligament Reconstruction Interposition Arthroplasty of the Basal Joint of the Thumb

Introduction Surgical treatment of thumb trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis usually involves 4 to 8 weeks of postoperative casting and splinting followed by varying mobilization protocols. Suspension arthroplasty has been described as an alternative to allow earlier range of motion exercises. The purpose of this study was to compare patient-reported outcomes (PRO) when adding a two-string suture-button suspension arthroplasty (Mini TightRope, MTR) to our usual procedure of ligament reconstruction and tendon interposition (LRTI), allowing early mobilization. Can we allow early mobilization using this technique without jeopardizing the PRO results at the 1 year follow-up and without an increased risk of complication? Materials and Methods A prospective study using the MTR system (Arthrex) as a suture-button suspensionplasty was conducted. Twelve patients (MTR group) and 36 historical patients (LRTI alone) were included. Results At 12 months, the median value for quick disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand was 11.3 (range, 0–43.2) in the MTR group and 13.6 (range, 0–88.6) in the LRTI group, resulting in similar improvements, p = 0.46. One in twelve patients in the MTR group was dissatisfied and 9 in 36 in the LRTI group were dissatisfied, p = 0.41. No complications were observed during the first year. Conclusion Supplemental suture-button suspensionplasty can be utilized for high demand patients and patients who want to reduce immobilization time without major complications and with similar PRO as LRTI at 6 and 12 months. Level of evidence Four case series

Simple Removal of Ventriculoatrial Shunt and Simultaneous Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Revision: Short Communication

Background Ventriculoatrial shunt (VAS) is a common alternative treatment option for hydrocephalus in patients with ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) failure. Most previous reports on VAS discuss the atrial-related complications and none focus on simple removal (i.e., without specialized equipment). We report a case of simple VAS removal and simultaneous VPS revision, with no obvious shunt-related cardiac complications. Case presentation The patient was an 87-year-old female who had received a VAS for idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus 6 years prior. She developed a right thalamic hemorrhage with intraventricular hemorrhage and was admitted to our hospital. She had a recurrence of the hydrocephalus and was diagnosed with shunt malfunction, due to simple obstruction without obvious shunt-related cardiac complications. The VAS was simply and safely removed, and a VPS was simultaneously placed, as per the usual procedure in our institution. She remains well with no evidence of complications on postoperative day 10. Discussion Since VAS is mostly used in pediatric cases that are difficult to treat with VPS, the duration of time elapsed allows VAS catheters to form strong adhesions with the surrounding cardiac tissue. Therefore, the simple removal of VAS is usually not straightforward. Conclusion If the follow-up period is short and there are no specific cardiac complications at the time of replacement, VAS can be safely removed and VPS can be spontaneously placed, without any specialized surgical techniques or equipment.

Regulatory procedures for emergency approval of medical products by regulatory agencies

Emergency use authorization of medical products by the regulatory agencies is not a usual procedure; it happens to cope with unanticipated health emergencies affecting a large group of population, these can be because of outbreak agents like virus, bacteria, etc., which can cause contagious diseases. Contagious diseases are classified into an outbreak, epidemic and pandemic disease, based on size and intensity of spread of the disease. Epidemic and Pandemic disease conditions such as CoVID-19 will trigger the emergency use authorization of products that help in the control, prevention and/or cure for the disease. EMA and FDA are well known advanced regulatory bodies, with eminent procedures for approval of the medication, harmonization of the standards as per the global regulatory acceptance. However, there are some differences between the two, in case of initiating the procedure, timelines, data required for approval of products under the emergency use. This article focuses on emergency approval of medications, regulations involved in the approval of medications and vaccines by EMA and FDA, some of the important data companies or sponsors need to submit to the regulatory bodies for approval, verification procedure and timelines for evaluation of manufacturer submitted data. Mutual recognition agreement and timeline of Remdesivir for approval by EC and FDA.

POS0155-HPR DIAPHRAGMATIC BREATHING RELAXATION TECHNIQUE TO DECREASE ANXIETY DURING JOINT INFILTRATION: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL

Background:Joint infiltration is the injection of therapeutic substances directly into a joint. It may be a stressful experience for patients as imagined different from other usual injections. Several techniques are used to manage anxiety and pain during such a procedure.Objectives:To evaluate the effectiveness of diaphragmatic breathing relaxation on reducing anxiety and pain during joint infiltration.Methods:Patients scheduled for a joint infiltration at the rheumatology department’s daycare unit were recruited. All infiltrations were performed using steroids without anesthetic therapy except for the hip. Patients were randomized into two groups (cases=38, controls=34). Cases learned from a trained health agent diaphragmatic breathing relaxation technique to perform it immediately before and during the procedure while controls received the usual procedure. We used the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) to assess self-estimated both anxiety (VAS-Anx) and pain (VAS-Pain) as evaluated on pre and post-joint infiltration. VAS-Pain was evaluated as expected then as experienced respectively on pre and post-infiltration. We also assessed heart rate and blood pressure on pre and post-procedure.Results:Seventy-two participants were included with a mean age of 55.48 ± 12.39 years (39-78), treated for an inflammatory rheumatic or degenerative disease (21, 51 respectively), and receiving joint infiltration for the first time among 37. Sites of infiltrations were: wrist=7, elbow=10, shoulder=17, hip=1, knee=22, epidural=6, plantar heel=9. There were no significant differences in pre-proceduralVAS-Anx, VAS-pain, or physiological parameters between cases and controls. Cases had a significant decrease in VAS-Anx from pre to post-infiltration (Mean post-VAS-Anx=23.33/100, p=0,017) but not significant compared with controls (p=0.297). Patients who have performed the breathing technique had no significant decrease in VAS-Pain from pre- to post-infiltration (p=0.083) and compared with controls (p=0.662). Physiological parameters showed a significant decrease in heart rate of cases from pre to post-infiltration (p<0,0001) and compared with controls (p=0,036), but no significant decrease in systolic or diastolic blood pressure from pre to post-infiltration and compared with controls. There were no correlations between all participants’ VAS-Anx/VAS-Pain and age, gender, infiltration site or history and joint pain causes.Conclusion:This study suggests that diaphragmatic breathing relaxation is an effective nonpharmacological intervention that could be used in controlling anxiety and experienced pain during joint infiltration.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

A modified in-medium evolution equation with color coherence

QCD jets produced in heavy-ion collisions at LHC or RHIC energies partially evolve inside the produced hot and dense quark gluon plasma, offering unique opportunities to study QCD splitting processes in different backgrounds. Induced (modified) splittings are expected to be the most relevant mechanism driving the modifications of in-medium jets compared to vacuum jets for a wide sets of observables. Although color coherence among different emitters has been identified as an essential mechanism in studies of the QCD antenna radiation, it is usually neglected in the multi-gluon medium-induced cascade. This independent gluon emission approximation can be analytically proved to be valid in the limit of very large media, but corrections or modifications to it have not been computed before in the context of the evolution (or rate) equation describing the gluon cascade. We propose a modified evolution equation that includes corrections due to the interference of subsequent emitters. In order to do so, we first compute a modified splitting kernel following the usual procedure of factorizing it from the subsequent Brownian motion. The calculation is performed in the two-gluon configuration with no overlapping formation times, that is expected to provide the first correction to the completely independent picture.

On topological recursion for Wilson loops in $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 SYM at strong coupling

We consider U(N) $$ \mathcal{N} $$ N = 4 super Yang-Mills theory and discuss how to extract the strong coupling limit of non-planar corrections to observables involving the $$ \frac{1}{2} $$ 1 2 -BPS Wilson loop. Our approach is based on a suitable saddle point treatment of the Eynard-Orantin topological recursion in the Gaussian matrix model. Working directly at strong coupling we avoid the usual procedure of first computing observables at finite planar coupling λ, order by order in 1/N, and then taking the λ ≫ 1 limit. In the proposed approach, matrix model multi-point resolvents take a simplified form and some structures of the genus expansion, hardly visible at low order, may be identified and rigorously proved. As a sample application, we consider the expectation value of multiple coincident circular supersymmetric Wilson loops as well as their correlator with single trace chiral operators. For these quantities we provide novel results about the structure of their genus expansion at large tension, generalising recent results in arXiv:2011.02885.