Innovation comprehensive solutions for off-gases cleaning in steel industry. Technical solutions for dusty gas flows cleaning

Metallurgical production associates with such processes as crushing, drying and pneumatic transportation of raw materials, roasting, melting etc., in the process of which hard particles and harmful gaseous components are emitted into atmosphere. At pneumatic transportation of raw materials and sand, their concentration in the atmosphere as a rule exceeds maximum permissible concentrations. Existing facilities of dusty flows cleaning in some cases don’t ensure sanitary norms ГН 2.1.6.3492‒17. Technical solutions proposed to clean gases in a centrifugal filter, a facility of complex gas cleaning – cyclo-filter and two-stage system of high-concentrated gas-dust flows cleaning. Description of the centrifugal filter, cyclo-filter, two-stage facility of gas cleaning design presented. The facility comprises centrifugal filter and ceramic pulse filter. Industrial tests of the centrifugal filter ЦФ2-6-1 under conditions of a system of pneumatic transportation of sand established, that efficiency of gas-dust flows cleaning of sand particles in a six-channel filter can reach 98.65%. Application of two-stage system of gas cleaning comprising centrifugal filter and ceramic pulse filter ФКИ enables to reach residual hard particles concentration at the exit of such a facility of 5 mg/m3, having initial dust level of 127878 mg/m3. Application of such a complex two-stage cleaning facility allows to reach values of 0.1 of maximum permissible concentrations near the source of emissions.

Centrifugal Filter-Assisted Block Freeze Crystallization Applied to Blueberry Juice

The impact of centrifugal-filter assisted block freeze crystallization (CFBFC) on the physicochemical parameters, total phenolic content (TPC), total anthocyanin content (TAC), and total flavonoid content (TFC), antioxidant activity (AA) and process parameters applied to blueberry juice was studied. Additionally, CFBFC was contrasted with gravitational BFC (GBFC) and centrifugal BFC (CBFC) techniques. For CFBFC process, the solutes values were ≈35.9 °Brix (fresh juice ≈13.8 °Brix), with a very dark red/purple color. Moreover, the bioactive components values presented a significant increase of 2.1, 2.0, 1.8, and 3.1 times compared to the initial TPC, TAC, TFC, and AA values, respectively, and these values were higher than GBFC and CBFC techniques. For efficiency, percentage of concentrate, and solute yield, CFBFC showed values close to 86%, 81%, and 0.9 (kg/kg), respectively, which were higher values than GBFC (48%, 38%, and 0.5 (kg/kg)) and CBFC (79%, 68%, and 0.7 (kg/kg)). Therefore, this research offers new benefits with the addition of the filter in the centrifugal BFC, and thus, CFBFC offers an advantage due to the better separation than GBFC and CBFC, since the filter can be designated as a second separation stage, and only one cycle is necessary to obtain high quality properties in the final solution.

Rapid evaluation method for propofol abusing with hair by using centrifugal filter and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

Background: Since propofol is rapidly metabolized and excreted from the body, it is not easy to quantify its intake in blood or urine sample over the time. In this case, the hair sample would be more advantageous to estimate during the abuse period. However, presence of protein and lipid in the hair sample could interfere extraction and be problematic during mass spectrometric analysis. Objective: The aim of this study is to develop the simple and less-time consuming method for extraction of propofol glucuronide by removing hair interferences with centrifugal filter. Method: Hair samples were washed and dissolved with sodiumhydroxide solution. This dissolved hair solution was applied to centrifugal filter and centrifuged. The filtrate was extracted with ethyl acetate and evaporated to dryness. The residue was reconstituted with methanol and analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. This developed analytical method was validated by testing of linearity, selectivity, accuracy, precision, recovery, matrix effect and stability of propofol glucuronide. Results and Discussion: The validation results showed good linearity over the concentration range of 0.5~500 pg/mg, with correlation coefficient of 0.9991. The LOD and LLOQ was 0.2 and 0.5 pg/mg, respectively. The intra-and inter-day precision and accuracy were acceptable within 14.5% for precision and 10.1% for accuracy. Similarly, the developed method revealed high sample recovery (>88%), low hair matrix effect (<10%) and highly-efficient extraction procedure. Conclusion: This well validated procedure was successfully applied to determine propofol glucuronide in rat hair sample and can be applicable, with high potential, in the field of forensic toxicology especially with increasing abuse and accidental overdose of propofol.

Pemurnian Parsial dan Karakterisasi Enzim Xilanase dari Bakteri Laut Bacillus safencis strain LBF P20 Asal Pulau Pari Jakarta

Enzyme xylanase (EC 3.2.1.8) is widely used in various industrial fields for the hydrolysis of xylan (hemicellulose) into xylooligosaccharide and xylose. The aims of this study were to conduct partial purification and characterization of xylanase from marine Bacillus safencis strain LBF P20 and to obtain the xylooligosaccharide types from xylan hydrolysis by this enzyme. Based on this research, the optimum time for enzyme production occurred at 96 hours with the enzyme activity of 6.275 U/mL and enzyme specific activity of 5.093 U/mg. The specific activities were obtained from precipitation by amicon® ultra-15 centrifugal filter devices, gel filtration chromatography and anion exchange chromatography that were increased by 15.07, 34.7, and 96.0 U/mg. The results showed that the highest activity at pH 7, temperature of 60 °C, and stable at 4 °C. Type of xylooligosaccharide produced by this study were xylohexoses, xylotriose, and xylobiose. SDS-PAGE analysis and zimogram showed that the molecular weight of xylanase protein were about 25 kDa. ABSTRAKEnzim xilanase (EC 3.2.1.8) digunakan dalam hidrolisis xilan (hemiselulosa) menjadi xilooligosakarida dan xilosa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan purifikasi parsial dan karakterisasi xilanase dari bakteri laut Bacillus safencis strain LBF P20 serta uji hidrolisis untuk mengetahui jenis xilooligosakarida yang dihasilkan oleh enzim tersebut. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, waktu optimum untuk produksi enzim terjadi pada jam ke 96 dengan aktivitas enzim sebesar 6,275 U/mL dan aktivitas spesifik enzim sebesar 5,093 (U/mg). Aktivitas spesifik enzim hasil pemekatan dengan amicon® ultra-15 centrifugal filter devices, kromatografi filtrasi gel dan kromatografi penukar anion mengalami peningkatan berturut-turut sebesar 15,1; 34,7 dan96,0 U/mg. Hasil karakterisasi menunjukkan aktivitas tertinggi pada pH 7, suhu 60 °C dan stabil pada suhu 4 °C. Analisis SDS-PAGE dan zimogram menunjukkan berat molekul protein xilanase berkisar 25 kDa. Jenis gula reduksi yang dihasilkan yaitu xiloheksosa, xilotriosa, dan xilobiosa.