Study of pion kaon and proton in proton–carbon interactions at 158 GeV/c using hadron production models

In this work, we investigate the production of [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] mesons, protons and antiprotons, by exploiting the theoretical hadron production models: EPOS 1.99, EPOS-LHC and QGSJETII-04, using proton–carbon collisions at a potential laboratory momentum of 158 GeV/c. Laboratory momentum-dependent double differential yields of these particles are studied where it is produced at a polar angle ranging from 0 mrad to 420 mrad for [Formula: see text] mesons while for [Formula: see text] mesons, protons and antiprotons, the angle ranges from 0 mrad to 360 mrad. The QGSJET predicts high yields of the [Formula: see text] mesons for a polar angle ranging from 0 mrad to 20 mrad at the peak of the distribution while beyond 20 mrad, the high yield is demonstrated by EPOS-LHC. In the case of [Formula: see text] mesons and antiprotons, the QGSJETII-04 gives higher yield at the peak of the distribution in all the cases, whereas the EPOS-1.99 and EPOS-LHC produce similar results. In most of the cases at high momentum of the hadrons, the trios are in very good agreement with each other.

Comparison of different hadron production models for the study of π±, K±, protons and antiprotons production in proton–carbon interactions at 90 GeV/c

In this research paper, comprehensive results on the double differential yield of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] mesons, protons and antiprotons as a function of laboratory momentum in several polar angle ranges from 0–420 mrad for pions, 0–360 mrad for kaons, proton and antiproton are reported. EPOS 1.99, EPOS-LHC and QGSJETII-04 models are used to perform simulations. The predictions of these models at 90 GeV/c are plotted for comparison, which shows that QGSJETII-04 model gives overall higher yield for [Formula: see text] mesons in the polar angle interval of 0–40 mrad but for the [Formula: see text] the yield is higher only up to 20 mrad. For [Formula: see text] mesons after 40 mrad, EPOS-LHC predicts higher yield as compared to EPOS 1.99 and QGSJETII-04 while EPOS-LHC and EPOS 1.99 give similar behavior in these two intervals. However, for [Formula: see text] mesons EPOS-LHC and EPOS 1.99 give similar behavior in these two intervals. For of [Formula: see text] mesons, QGSJETII-04 model gives higher predictions in all cases from 0–300 mrad, while EPOS 1.99 and EPOS-LHC show similar distributions. In case of protons, all models give similar distribution but this is not true for antiproton. All models are in good agreement for p [Formula: see text] 20 GeV/c. EPOS 1.99 produce lower yield compared to the other two models from 60–360 mrad polar angle interval.

S, P, D, F WAVE KN PHASE SHIFTS IN THE CHIRAL SU(3) QUARK MODEL

The S, P, D, F wave KN phase shifts have been studied in the chiral SU (3) quark model by solving a resonating group method equation. The numerical results of different partial waves are in agreement with the experimental data except for the cases of P13 and D15, which are less well described when the laboratory momentum of the kaon meson is greater than 400 MeV.

Validity of the latest interpretation on primary energy estimation and dependence of on laboratory momentum

Interpretation on primary energy estimation by Bhowmik, Singh, and Kaul has been substantiated from the data obtained from interactions of a 70 GeV proton beam in nuclear emulsion. Criteria A and B have been applied for the classification of the cascade mechanism and tube mechanism for the energy estimation of individual events. From our experimental data it has been shown that the percentage of coherent production is not as high as claimed by this group, but energy estimation by this new method agrees fairly well with our incident proton energy of E = 70 GeV. Moreover, it is found that [Formula: see text] at 70 GeV/c and our data indicate that[Formula: see text] is independent of laboratory momentum beyond 20 GeV/c.